CN103078362A - Backup power system based on fuel cell for communication - Google Patents

Backup power system based on fuel cell for communication Download PDF

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CN103078362A
CN103078362A CN2012105381937A CN201210538193A CN103078362A CN 103078362 A CN103078362 A CN 103078362A CN 2012105381937 A CN2012105381937 A CN 2012105381937A CN 201210538193 A CN201210538193 A CN 201210538193A CN 103078362 A CN103078362 A CN 103078362A
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hydrogen
fuel cell
pressure
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CN103078362B (en
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王利生
佘沛亮
魏廷权
李超
张磊
仙存妮
杨玉萍
刁立鹏
王晴
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Beijing Huifeng Energy Technology Co. Ltd. Shuangdeng
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BEIJING HUIFENG JUNENG TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention relates to a backup power system for a fuel cell for communication. The backup power system comprises a hydrogen-donating unit, a fuel cell unit, a DC/DC (Direct-current/Direct-current) unit, an output unit, a patrolling unit, an analog acquisition unit, a main control unit and a human-computer interaction unit. The hydrogen-donating unit realizes the aim of preparing high-purity hydrogen through carbureted hydrogen; the fuel cell unit is used for converting chemical energy into direct-current electric power; the DC/DC unit is used for adjusting output voltage of the fuel cell so as to supply power to the output unit; the output unit is used for supplying power to a communication base station after city electricity is powered down; the patrolling unit is used for acquiring voltage of a monocell; the analog acquisition unit is used for acquiring various data signals in the system and transmitting the data signals to the main control unit; the main control unit is used for analyzing data and sending a control signal to each unit; and the human-computer interaction unit is used for completing the functions of short-range communication, remote communication, monitoring, alarming and the like. The system is high efficient, clean, safe and reliable, has high intelligence, can realize seamless connection with city electricity supply when being used as a communication standby power supply, and simultaneously, does not need to be charged, and can be continuously operated for a long time.

Description

A kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fuel cell system, specifically a kind of standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication.
Background technology
As everyone knows, fuel cell can be directly be converted into electric energy with the electrochemical energy of fuel, owing to not being subjected to the restriction of Carnot cycle, its efficient is higher than the efficiency of internal combustion engine far away up to 60% ~ 80%; When fuel cell was take hydrogen as fuel simultaneously, product only had water, cleaning, environmentally safe; Because its inner generation is electrochemical reaction, noise-less pollution.Fuel cell is a kind of Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT), and it is different from the storage battery such as plumbic acid and needs charging, as long as supply of hydrogen just can obtain electric energy endlessly.Fuel cell power source is widely used in communicating by letter, the emergency standby power of finance, hospital, school, commerce, industrial and mining enterprises and dwelling house, can be used as the independent current source of remote districts, island, military affairs and the special purposes such as field work, moving vehicle and boats and ships of electrical network inconvenience, in the large-scale natural calamity occasion of generation very important purposes is arranged.
At present, communication normal with lead acid accumulator as main back-up source, the maintenance cost of storage battery is high, useful life is short, can not the long-time continuous power supply, environmental pollution is serious when producing; Because lead-acid battery needs charging, so when emergency case civil powers such as running into natural calamity, artificial destruction can't recover within a period of time, perhaps in the remote districts without electrical network, lead-acid battery can't charge, communication equipment will interrupt so, can have a strong impact on people's normal life, and cause huge economic loss.In order to realize the power supply of lead-acid battery long-time continuous, can use huger, the heavier battery system of volume, so just need to take very large space, the while battery system need to refrigerate processing and also expend a large amount of electric energy.
Fuel cell technology is considered to replace storage battery as the most promising technology of communication spare power supplies.Fuel cell power system can be avoided the shortcoming of lead-acid battery, and its efficient is high, easy care; At the emergent of major disasters, dangerous situation with aspect taking precautions against natural calamities very large advantage is arranged; Be easy to intelligent management, unexpected power failure and sudden disaster are had good foresight; Life-span can reach thousands of hours.There have been a lot of use fuel cells in the U.S., Japan, European Union etc. as the case of communication spare power supplies, and domesticly rarely have report.Mainly be because the problems such as fuel cell technology is immature, system configuration is complicated, dangerous, the first current cost input of hydrogen storage transportation height can not solve well.Yet along with the development of various technology, backup power system of fuel cell is more and more extensive in the use meeting of the communications industry.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the problem of fail safe of fuel cell in hydrogen storage, transportation, propose that a kind of system is more small-sized, more compact structure, the simpler backup power system of fuel cell of operating maintenance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it comprises hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit;
The hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, and reformer unit utilizes the reaction of hydrocarbon steam reforming or incomplete oxidation reaction preparation hydrogen, through obtaining the hydrogen of purity>99.9% behind the clean unit, is stored in the hydrogen bottle for subsequent use; The hydrogen of preparation is sent into cell of fuel cell after reducing pressure by pressure-reducing valve; Cell of fuel cell is used for burning hydrogen and produces direct current energy and heat, and direct current energy flows to the DC/DC unit, and heat energy flows to the hydrogen supply unit; The DC/DC unit is connected to output unit after with the direct current pressure regulation; Output unit is startup battery, DC/DC unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and the man-machine interaction unit power supply of output unit with the electric energy supply load simultaneously; The both positive and negative polarity of every battery links to each other in the fuel cell pile of routing inspection unit and cell of fuel cell, gathers the voltage data of all monolithic batteries and transfers to main control unit by the RS232/485 communication module; The analog acquisition unit links to each other with each transducer, and the data such as collecting temperature, voltage, electric current, gas concentration, pressure transfer to main control unit by the RS232/485 communication module; Man-machine interaction unit carries out data communication by RS232/485 communication module and main control unit, and by passing through LCD real-time display system data, monitor and fault alarm by acoustooptic alarm system, can realize telecommunication by GPRS and host computer, by the relevant configured parameter of USB module reading system; Main control unit is analyzed the various data-signals of system simultaneously by the actuator in PWM output module, I/O control module and the D/A output module control system unit.
The hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, described reformer unit comprises the reacting furnace of a sealing, vapourizing furnace, water inlet, charging aperture and hydrogen outlet, described clean unit comprises cooling device and filter plant, the reacting furnace of reformer unit is used for fuel, the burning of water or oxygen, if fuel is liquid, need to carry out in the vapourizing furnace carburation by evaporation, enter reacting furnace with gaseous form by charging aperture again, the gas outlet of reformer unit links to each other with an air inlet of clean unit, another air inlet of clean unit links to each other with oxygen channel, the cooling device that the product of reformer unit at first enters clean unit gets off water vapor condensation, add afterwards catalyst, be CO2 with the CO catalytic oxidation in the product, only have hydrogen and CO2 in the product this moment, makes it pass through filter plant again, with CO2 removal wherein, the gas outlet of clean unit links to each other with the air inlet of storage hydrogen bottle, and the gas outlet of storage hydrogen bottle links to each other with cell of fuel cell.
Described cell of fuel cell comprises pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve P3, mechanical valve P3', row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve P4, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, the transducer H2PPM of density of hydrogen, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, fuel cell pile, the pressure tuner, air heater and aerofoil fan, the storage hydrogen bottle gas outlet of aforesaid hydrogen supply unit links to each other with pressure sensor S1 by pipeline, then hydrogen is successively by pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, the output of pressure-reducing valve P2 links to each other with the input of pressure tuner, and the output of pressure tuner links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pile; Security solenoid valve P3 links to each other with the pressure tuner respectively with mechanical valve P3' input simultaneously, and output links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit.The hydrogen outlet of described fuel cell pile links to each other with the input of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve through pressure sensor S3 by pipeline, the output of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit, also be connected with pressure sensor S2 on the described pressure tuner, the tail gas outlet of described fuel cell pile is by pipeline access reformer unit, the output of described air heater links to each other with the input of fuel cell pile, the output of fuel cell pile links to each other with the input of aerofoil fan, the output of fuel cell pile is through current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 links to each other with the input of DC/DC unit, current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 gathers correlated current, voltage data.
Described DC/DC unit comprises 48VDC/DC power module, current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2 and temperature sensor PT2, the input of described 48VDC/DC power module links to each other with the output of fuel cell pile, the output of 48VDC/DC power module links to each other with load device through current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2, and the 48VDC/DC power module also is connected with temperature sensor PT2.
Described output unit comprises the AC/DC module, internal control circuit, power-fail detection circuit, start battery, charger and 28VDC/DC module, the input of AC/DC module is connected with mains supply, the output of AC/DC module links to each other through the input of internal control circuit with the 28VDC/DC module, the output of 28VDC/DC module links to each other with load, when civil power is normal, it is load supplying that the AC/DC module is converted to the 28V direct current with the 220V alternating current, be inner startup battery charging by charger simultaneously, and the analog acquisition unit of the system of giving, main control unit, routing inspection unit and the power supply of interpersonal interactive unit; When power-fail detection circuit detected the civil power power down by current sensor A3 and voltage sensor V3, inner startup battery was transducer H2PPM, the stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2 of load, internal control circuit and intrasystem pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen, axial flow blower power supply.
Described pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve and pressure sensor S3 are connected and fixed by welding and pressure tuner.
The filter plant of described clean unit is the filter that NaOH or limewash are housed, and is used for the filtering carbon dioxide.
Described catalyst is the oxide/carbon material catalyst of oxide/carbon material or the transition metal load high-specific surface area of noble-metal-supported high-specific surface area.
Described noble metal such as platinum, ruthenium, gold etc.; Described transition metal such as copper, iron, cobalt etc.; The oxide/carbon material of described high-specific surface area such as silicon dioxide, porous carbon, cerium oxide etc., the specific area>40m of oxide/carbon material 2/ g.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: 1. the present invention takes full advantage of the used heat of fuel cell pile, has improved system effectiveness.2. the present invention utilizes unreacted hydrogen again, has avoided hydrogen discharge to enter the hidden danger of atmosphere or operational environment existence.3. the heat part that needs of the present invention provides by cell of fuel cell tail gas, and another part obtains by the burning of the fuel such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, the hydrogen transportation of avoiding and store in unsafe factor, the expense that has significantly reduced transportation simultaneously and stored.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is pressure tuner schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is system power supply schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is internal control circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Shown in Fig. 1-4.
A kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it comprises hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit;
The hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, and reformer unit utilizes the reaction of hydrocarbon steam reforming or incomplete oxidation reaction preparation hydrogen, through obtaining the hydrogen of purity>99.9% behind the clean unit, is stored in the hydrogen bottle for subsequent use; The hydrogen of preparation is sent into cell of fuel cell after reducing pressure by pressure-reducing valve; Cell of fuel cell is used for burning hydrogen and produces direct current energy and heat, and direct current energy flows to the DC/DC unit, and heat energy flows to the hydrogen supply unit; The DC/DC unit is connected to output unit after with the direct current pressure regulation; Output unit is startup battery, DC/DC unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and the man-machine interaction unit power supply of output unit with the electric energy supply load simultaneously; The both positive and negative polarity of every battery links to each other in the fuel cell pile of routing inspection unit and cell of fuel cell, gathers the voltage data of all monolithic batteries and transfers to main control unit by the RS232/485 communication module; The analog acquisition unit links to each other with each transducer, and the data such as collecting temperature, voltage, electric current, gas concentration, pressure transfer to main control unit by the RS232/485 communication module; Man-machine interaction unit carries out data communication by RS232/485 communication module and main control unit, and by LCD real-time display system data, monitor and fault alarm by acoustooptic alarm system, can realize telecommunication by GPRS and host computer, by the relevant configured parameter of USB module reading system; Main control unit is analyzed the various data-signals of system simultaneously by the actuator in PWM output module, I/O control module and the D/A output module control system unit.
Described hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, described reformer unit comprises the reacting furnace of a sealing, vapourizing furnace, water inlet, charging aperture and hydrogen outlet, described clean unit comprises cooling device and filter plant, the reacting furnace of reformer unit is used for fuel, the burning of water or oxygen, if fuel is liquid, need in vapourizing furnace, to carry out first carburation by evaporation, enter reacting furnace with gaseous form by charging aperture again, the gas outlet of reformer unit links to each other with an air inlet of clean unit, another air inlet of clean unit links to each other with oxygen channel, the cooling device that the product of reformer unit at first enters clean unit gets off water vapor condensation, adding afterwards catalyst, is CO with the CO catalytic oxidation in the product 2, only have hydrogen and CO in the product this moment 2, make again it pass through filter plant, with CO wherein 2Remove, the gas outlet of clean unit links to each other with the air inlet of storage hydrogen bottle, and the gas outlet of storage hydrogen bottle links to each other with cell of fuel cell.
Described cell of fuel cell comprises the transducer H of pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve P3, mechanical valve P3', row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve P4, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen 2PPM, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, fuel cell pile, pressure tuner, air heater and aerofoil fan, the storage hydrogen bottle gas outlet of aforesaid hydrogen supply unit links to each other with pressure sensor S1 by pipeline, then hydrogen is successively by pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, the output of pressure-reducing valve P2 links to each other with the input of pressure tuner, and the output of pressure tuner links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pile; Security solenoid valve P3 links to each other with the pressure tuner respectively with mechanical valve P3' input simultaneously, and output links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit.The hydrogen outlet of described fuel cell pile links to each other with the input of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve through pressure sensor S3 by pipeline, the output of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit, also be connected with pressure sensor S2 on the described pressure tuner, the tail gas outlet of described fuel cell pile is by pipeline access reformer unit, the output of described air heater links to each other with the input of fuel cell pile, the output of fuel cell pile links to each other with the input of aerofoil fan, the output of fuel cell pile is through current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 links to each other with the input of DC/DC unit, current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 gathers correlated current, voltage data.
Described DC/DC unit comprises 48VDC/DC power module, current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2 and temperature sensor PT2, the input of described 48VDC/DC power module links to each other with the output of fuel cell pile, the output of 48VDC/DC power module links to each other with load device through current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2, and the 48VDC/DC power module also is connected with temperature sensor PT2.
Described output unit comprises the AC/DC module, internal control circuit, power-fail detection circuit, start battery, charger and 28VDC/DC module, the input of AC/DC module is connected with mains supply, the output of AC/DC module links to each other through the input of internal control circuit with the 28VDC/DC module, the output of 28VDC/DC module links to each other with load, when civil power is normal, it is load supplying that the AC/DC module is converted to the 28V direct current with the 220V alternating current, be inner startup battery charging by charger simultaneously, and the analog acquisition unit of the system of giving, main control unit, routing inspection unit and the power supply of interpersonal interactive unit; When power-fail detection circuit detected the civil power power down by current sensor A3 and voltage sensor V3, inner startup battery was the transducer H of load, internal control circuit and intrasystem pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen 2PPM, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, axial flow blower power supply.
Described routing inspection unit comprises signal conditioning circuit 1, microcontroller 1, A/D sampling module 1 and RS232 communication module, the input of described signal conditioning circuit 1 links to each other by the both positive and negative polarity of data wire with every battery of fuel cell pile, the signal output part of signal conditioning circuit 1 links to each other with A/D sampling module 1, and described microcontroller 1 links to each other with main control unit by the RS232 communication module.
Described analog acquisition unit comprises signal conditioning circuit 2, microcontroller 3, A/D sampling module 2 and RS232 communication module, the input of described signal conditioning circuit 2 respectively with A3, V3, A4, current sensor A1-A4, voltage sensor V1-V3, pressure sensor S1-S3, temperature sensor PT1, PT3, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2 links to each other with the respective signal output of environment hydrogen gas concentration sensor H2PPM, the signal output part of signal conditioning circuit 2 links to each other with A/D sampling module 2, and described microcontroller 3 links to each other with main control unit by the RS232 communication module.
Described man-machine interaction unit comprises LCD display, microcontroller 4, sound and light alarm device, shift knob and communication module, described communication module comprises the RS232 communication module, usb communication module and GPRS communication module, described microcontroller 4 links to each other with main control unit by the RS232 communication module in the communication module, described LCD display is used for showing the hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, the DC/DC unit, output unit, the corresponding data of routing inspection unit and analog acquisition unit and state parameter, described sound and light alarm device is used for sending alarm signal when dangerous in system, and described shift knob is used to open or close system.
Described main control unit comprises drive circuit, microcontroller 2, the I/O output module, the D/A output module, PWM output module and RS232 communication module, the input of described microcontroller 2 as the input of main control unit by the RS232 communication module respectively with routing inspection unit, man-machine interaction unit links to each other with the analog acquisition unit, the PWM output module links to each other with aerofoil fan, the rotating speed of Control Shaft flow fan, the D/A output module links to each other with the second pressure-reducing valve with first pressure-reducing valve in storage hydrogen bottle exit, the pressure of realizing output hydrogen is adjustable, and the I/O output module is through the power-fail detection circuit of drive circuit and output unit, the air heater of cell of fuel cell, relay and security solenoid valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve etc. links to each other.
Described pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve and pressure sensor S3 are connected and fixed by welding and pressure tuner.
The filter plant of described clean unit is the filter that NaOH or limewash are housed, and is used for the filtering carbon dioxide.
Described catalyst is the oxide/carbon material catalyst of oxide/carbon material or the transition metal load high-specific surface area of noble-metal-supported high-specific surface area.
Described noble metal such as platinum, ruthenium, gold etc.; Described transition metal such as copper, iron, cobalt etc.; The oxide/carbon material of described high-specific surface area such as silicon dioxide, porous carbon, cerium oxide etc., the specific area>40m of oxide/carbon material 2/ g.
Fuel cell power system of the present invention mainly forms (as shown in Figure 1) by hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit.The hydrogen supply unit comprises hydrogen manufacturing and storage hydrogen partial, utilizes the hydrocarbon such as methyl alcohol, ethanol, methane and water or air by entering the reaction of reformer unit generation steam reforming or partial oxidation reforming reaction generation H 2, CO, CO 2, H 2The mists such as O, the cooling device that the impurity such as CO, CO2, water at first enter clean unit in the product gets off water vapor condensation, adds afterwards catalyst, is CO with the CO catalytic oxidation in the product 2, only have hydrogen and CO in the product this moment 2, make again it pass through filter plant, with CO wherein 2Removal obtains high-purity hydrogen, the hydrogen storage of generation in storage hydrogen bottle for subsequent use be stored in the hydrogen bottle stand-by.The heat that reforming reaction needs provides by fuel or unreacted combustion of hydrogen heat release, the used heat that also can utilize pile to discharge; Cell of fuel cell is converted into direct current energy with the chemical energy of hydrogen, exports to the DC/DC module; Be load supplying after the direct current pressure regulation of DC/DC unit with fuel cell; Output unit is load, startup battery and internal control circuit power supply when the civil power power down; Routing inspection unit gathers each single battery voltage, is transmitted as main control unit by microcontroller 1 by RS232/485; The signals such as each several part temperature, pressure, voltage, electric current, gas concentration flow to main control unit by the RS232/485 module in the analog acquisition unit acquisition system; The signal of main control unit analyzing and processing routing inspection unit, the transmission of analog acquisition unit, the operating state of each unit of regulation and control system, and by man-machine interaction unit realization man-machine communication; Each running parameter and the state of man-machine interaction unit display system, and realize man-machine short range, telecommunication.
During fuel cell reaction, 40 ~ 50% energy is arranged with the discharging of heat energy form, the high-temperature tail gas of discharging provides a part of heat for reformer unit, and another part obtains by the reaction of the complete combustion of fuels such as methyl alcohol, ethanol; Simultaneously the hydrogen in the cell of fuel cell generally all can not complete reaction, and the hydrogen of security solenoid valve, mechanical valve, the discharging of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve directly accesses reformer unit, and unreacted combustion of hydrogen heat release is the reformation unit heating.Hydrogen supply unit in this fuel cell system has been avoided hydrogen to transport, has been stored potential safety hazard and the expensive expense brought, has reduced system cost; Be the reformation unit heating by used heat and the unreacted hydrogen that utilizes fuel cell, improved the system capacity utilization ratio, eliminated simultaneously hydrogen discharge and entered the safety problem that atmosphere or operational environment bring.
Cell of fuel cell by fuel cell pile, the temperature sensor NTC1 ~ NTC2 that be used for to measure stack temperature, hydrogen two-stage decompression valve, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve, pressure tuner, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve, pressure sensor S1-S3, monitoring electricity push away the temperature sensor PT1 of operating ambient temperature, the transducer H2PPM of monitoring of environmental density of hydrogen, voltage sensor V1 and current sensor A1, air filter, air heating apparatus, the aerofoil fan of monitoring pile forms.The pressure range that hydrogen supply unit hydrogen out allows through reaching pile after the two-stage decompression, the confession of automatically controlling hydrogen by security solenoid valve is disconnected, and manually opened mechanical valve can be let out hydrogen protection pile when system failure security solenoid valve was out of control.The parts such as second depressurized valve, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve, pressure sensor S3 are by realizing communicating (as shown in Figure 2) with the welding of pressure tuner, the outlet of pressure tuner connects the pile hydrogen inlet, reduce and use adapter, also reduced the hydrogen leak point, thereby reduced the maintenance capacity of system.Simultaneously general thick than pipeline of the caliber of pressure tuner can increase the transfer pipeline sectional area, reduces flow hydrogen gas speed, increase pressure, form the hydrogen buffering pond, make the Hydrogen Vapor Pressure that is delivered to galvanic pile module steady, and revise the pressure loss of hydrogen in the Pipeline transport process.As required, the pressure tuner can be designed to different shapes, such as cylinder, spheroid etc., makes hydrogen can enter equably pile.Row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve is opened during greater than the required value of pile at Hydrogen Vapor Pressure, and the protection electricity pushes away.Security solenoid valve, mechanical valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve link to each other with reformer unit respectively, the hydrogen of discharging is inputted reformer unit again utilize.By the numerical value of pressure sensor S1, S2, regulate pressure by main control unit D/A output module, controlled into the break-make of hydrogen, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve by main control unit I/O output module by the numerical value of pressure sensor S2, S3.Air is removed the particulate pollutants such as dust through filter, by heater air heat is arrived preference temperature, its temperature is controlled according to the numerical value of temperature sensor PT3 by main control unit I/O output module, air after the heating is participated in reaction by direct current aerofoil fan suction pile, when fuel cell start-up, the unlatching of the PWM output module Control Shaft flow fan of main control unit.In order in case of emergency to cut off load, the protection fuel cell pile connects relay between fuel cell and DC/DC output; it is in normally off when normal operation; when running into emergency, can cut off immediately by main control unit I/O output module, thus the protection pile.
The DC/DC unit comprises the 48VDC/DC power module, monitor the voltage sensor V2 of its output voltage, electric current and current sensor A2, the temperature sensor PT2 of monitoring 48VDC/DC module working temperature.The output characteristic of fuel cell is softer, and its Voltage-output changes along with the variation of load, and the DC/DC module can be carried out lowering and stabilizing blood pressure to pile, and exporting suitable voltage is load supplying.Feed back to main control unit after its output voltage, the collection of the electric current amount of simulateding collecting unit.This unit uses the DC/DC module of Highgrade integration, and is simple in structure, is easy to integrated.By rational deployment, can utilize the aerofoil fan in the cell of fuel cell that the DC/DC module is cooled off, avoid using special-purpose cooling device, reduced power consumption of cooling, further improved the efficient of system.
Output unit is mainly load, civil power power-fail detection circuit and internal control circuit power supply, its power supply circuit as shown in Figure 3, cell switch and urban electric power switch are in normally off, AC220/DC28V is the power module with charge function;
When civil power is normal, urban electric power switch, cell switch closure, automatic control switch is opened, civil power is through the AC/DC converter, the 220V alternating current is converted into the 28V direct current, charge for starting battery, and power to the control circuit of system simulation amount collecting unit, main control unit, routing inspection unit and man-machine interaction unit, at this moment the operating state of control circuit monitoring system; When the civil power power down, internal control circuit is received power-off signal, and closed automatic control switch starts battery and begins discharge, is electromagnetically operated valve, transducer, aerofoil fan and internal control circuit power supply in load, the system, and fuel cell starts fast; After the normal startup of fuel cell, automatic control switch is opened, and fuel cell is given the charging of startup battery by charger simultaneously with crossing DC/DC to electromagnetically operated valve, transducer, aerofoil fan and internal control circuit power supply in load, the system.The fuel cell start-up time is several by tens seconds, and system can realize intelligent monitoring, is the seamless power supply of load.
Because this fuel cell system is not worked for a long time and can be caused its performance degradation, so reach when numerical value is set down time when detecting accumulative total, by disconnecting urban electric power switch force start system or sending automatically activated signal by main control unit, high-performance and long-life work that like this can keeping system.Cell switch plays a protective role to starting battery; when the normal and AC/DC module operation irregularity of civil power; starting battery can continue to power to internal control circuit; cross and put in order to prevent from starting battery; this moment can be according to the startup battery current signal that detects; the people reaches the purpose that protection starts battery for opening cell switch.
Among the present invention the internal control circuit of fuel cell power system as shown in Figure 4, civil power through AC/DC transform, start battery, fuel cell output is exported respectively 28V voltage through two DC/DC converters, when civil power is normal, is the control circuit power supply by AC/DC; Before civil power power down, fuel cell did not work, it was the internal control circuit power supply that the battery of startup is arranged; When civil power power down, fuel cell normal operation, be the control circuit power supply by fuel cell.28V is directly for man-machine interaction unit LCD shows, the acoustic-optic alarm power supply; The output voltage of 28V is converted into 5V through DC/DC, is the power supply of analog acquisition unit; 5V voltage is the power supply of the parts such as main control unit, GPRS, USB after being converted into 3.3V low pressure through LDO.
Routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, man-machine interaction unit are realized communication with main control unit by RS232/485 respectively among the present invention, between routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, the man-machine interaction unit three without communication.Fuel cell system structure is simply compact among the present invention, and functions of modules is clear and definite, and later period maintenance is easy.
Routing inspection unit comprises microcontroller 1, signal conditioning circuit 1, A/D sampling module 1; Signal conditioning circuit 1 input links to each other with the both positive and negative polarity of every batteries of fuel cell pile, and its output is linked to A/D sampling module 1; Each magnitude of voltage that MCU1 will gather sends main control unit to by the RS232/485 line, adjusts control strategy for it, and main control unit sends it to again man-machine interaction unit and shows, voltage that can the on-line monitoring monocell is in order to pinpoint the problems in time debugging and maintenance.The analog acquisition unit by signal conditioning circuit 2, A/D sampling module 2 form, microcontroller 3 forms.The temperature NTC1 that signal conditioning circuit 2 pushes away electricity ~ NTC2 signal, ambient temperature PT1 signal, DC/DC module temperature PT2 signal, air heat actuator temperature PT3 signal, pile output voltage current signal V1, A1, DC/DC module output voltage, current signal V2, A2, civil power down circuit voltage and current signal V3, A3, startup battery current signal A4, pressure sensor signal S1-S3, environment density of hydrogen H2PPM signal flow to A/D sampling module 2, and MCU3 carries out transfer of data by RS232/485 module and main control unit.Man-machine interaction unit comprises LCD display, sound and light alarm device, shift knob, USB, GPRS and epigynous computer section, realizes and the communicating by letter of main control unit by RS232/485.LCD shows various data and the state parameters such as hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, realizes more easily telecommunication and to the understanding of system works situation.The work clothes attitude of sound and light alarm device display system, if system is in unsafe condition, then the sound and light alarm device system begins to send alarm signal, in order to notify the operator, can find as early as possible and get rid of fault.Switching signal can realize remote activation or shutdown system, is that system breaks down and needs emergency start or button when closing simultaneously.The USB module can make main equipment or read the relevant parameter of configuration-system from the external USB flash disk of equipment, and the USB module can make control unit as main equipment, and external USB flash disk reads or the configuration-system relevant parameter; Also can be used as from equipment, be connected to host computer, directly configure or read the relevant parameter of control unit from host computer.GPRS can realize remote control and regulation.Epigynous computer section handled easily personnel realize automatic or manual regulation and control.Main control unit comprises PWM output module, D/A output module, I/O output module and drive circuit, microcontroller 2.The civil power power-off signal that main control unit gives according to the analog acquisition unit, the rotating speed of PWM output module Control Shaft flow fan; The D/A output module can be controlled storage hydrogen bottle exit two-stage electric control valve as required, realizes that the pressure of output hydrogen is adjustable; For the simplification of system, can remove D/A output module and motorized adjustment valve portion, substitute with mechanical valve.During operation of fuel cells, I/O output module control security solenoid valve is opened, fuel cell shutdown or when being in an emergency, the closed safe electromagnetically operated valve cuts off source of the gas.In service in system, when transducer P4 detects row's hydrogen mouth Hydrogen Vapor Pressure and reaches certain numerical value, the I/O output module is the row's of opening hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve automatically, guarantees safety and the high-performance operation of pile, and it starts working its control air heating apparatus when fuel cell start-up simultaneously.In order to protect pile, between fuel cell pile and DC/DC output, connect relay, control when needed its break-make by I/O output.Communication by the realization of RS232/485 module and routing inspection unit and man-machine interaction unit.

Claims (9)

1. one kind based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, and it is characterized in that: it comprises hydrogen supply unit, cell of fuel cell, DC/DC unit, output unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and man-machine interaction unit;
The hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, and reformer unit utilizes the reaction of hydrocarbon steam reforming or incomplete oxidation reaction preparation hydrogen, through obtaining the hydrogen of purity>99.9% behind the clean unit, is stored in the hydrogen bottle for subsequent use; The hydrogen of preparation is sent into cell of fuel cell after reducing pressure by pressure-reducing valve; Cell of fuel cell is used for burning hydrogen and produces direct current energy and heat, and direct current energy flows to the DC/DC unit, and heat energy flows to the hydrogen supply unit; The DC/DC unit is connected to output unit after with the direct current pressure regulation; Output unit is startup battery, DC/DC unit, routing inspection unit, analog acquisition unit, main control unit and the man-machine interaction unit power supply of output unit with the electric energy supply load simultaneously; The both positive and negative polarity of every battery links to each other in the fuel cell pile of routing inspection unit and cell of fuel cell, gathers the voltage data of all monolithic batteries and transfers to main control unit by the RS232/485 communication module; The analog acquisition unit links to each other with each transducer, and the data such as collecting temperature, voltage, electric current, gas concentration, pressure transfer to main control unit by the RS232/485 communication module; Man-machine interaction unit carries out data communication by RS232/485 communication module and main control unit, and by LCD real-time display system data, monitor and fault alarm by acoustooptic alarm system, can realize telecommunication by GPRS and host computer, by the relevant configured parameter of USB module reading system; Main control unit is analyzed the various data-signals of system simultaneously by the actuator in PWM output module, I/O control module and the D/A output module control system unit.
2. according to claim 1 a kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described hydrogen supply unit comprises reformer unit, clean unit and Chu Qing bottle, described reformer unit comprises the reacting furnace of a sealing, vapourizing furnace, water inlet, charging aperture and hydrogen outlet, described clean unit comprises cooling device and filter plant, the reacting furnace of reformer unit is used for fuel, the burning of water or oxygen, if fuel is liquid, need in vapourizing furnace, to carry out first carburation by evaporation, enter reacting furnace with gaseous form by charging aperture again, the gas outlet of reformer unit links to each other with an air inlet of clean unit, another air inlet of clean unit links to each other with oxygen channel, the cooling device that the product of reformer unit at first enters clean unit gets off water vapor condensation, adding afterwards catalyst, is CO with the CO catalytic oxidation in the product 2, only have hydrogen and CO in the product this moment 2, make again it pass through filter plant, with CO wherein 2Remove, the gas outlet of clean unit links to each other with the air inlet of storage hydrogen bottle, and the gas outlet of storage hydrogen bottle links to each other with cell of fuel cell.
3. according to claim 1 a kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described cell of fuel cell comprises the transducer H of pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve P3, mechanical valve P3', row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve P4, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen 2PPM, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, fuel cell pile, pressure tuner, air heater and aerofoil fan, the storage hydrogen bottle gas outlet of aforesaid hydrogen supply unit links to each other with pressure sensor S1 by pipeline, then hydrogen is successively by pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, the output of pressure-reducing valve P2 links to each other with the input of pressure tuner, and the output of pressure tuner links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of fuel cell pile; Security solenoid valve P3 links to each other with the pressure tuner respectively with mechanical valve P3' input simultaneously, output links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit, the hydrogen outlet of described fuel cell pile links to each other with the input of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve through pressure sensor S3 by pipeline, the output of row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve links to each other with the hydrogen inlet of reformer unit, also be connected with pressure sensor S2 on the described pressure tuner, the tail gas outlet of described fuel cell pile is by pipeline access reformer unit, the output of described air heater links to each other with the input of fuel cell pile, the output of fuel cell pile links to each other with the input of aerofoil fan, the output of fuel cell pile is through current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 links to each other with the input of DC/DC unit, current sensor A1, voltage sensor V1 gathers correlated current, voltage data.
4. according to claim 1 a kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described DC/DC unit comprises 48VDC/DC power module, current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2 and temperature sensor PT2, the input of described 48VDC/DC power module links to each other with the output of fuel cell pile, the output of 48VDC/DC power module links to each other with load device through current sensor A2, voltage sensor V2, and the 48VDC/DC power module also is connected with temperature sensor PT2.
5. according to claim 1 a kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described output unit comprises the AC/DC module, internal control circuit, power-fail detection circuit, start battery, charger and 28VDC/DC module, the input of AC/DC module is connected with mains supply, the output of AC/DC module links to each other through the input of internal control circuit with the 28VDC/DC module, the output of 28VDC/DC module links to each other with load, when civil power is normal, it is load supplying that the AC/DC module is converted to the 28V direct current with the 220V alternating current, be inner startup battery charging by charger simultaneously, and the analog acquisition unit of the system of giving, main control unit, routing inspection unit and the power supply of interpersonal interactive unit; When power-fail detection circuit detected the civil power power down by current sensor A3 and voltage sensor V3, inner startup battery was the transducer H of load, internal control circuit and intrasystem pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, row's hydrogen electromagnetically operated valve, pressure sensor S1-S3, environment temperature sensor PT1, air heater temperature sensor PT3, density of hydrogen 2PPM, stack temperature transducer NTC1-NTC2, axial flow blower power supply.
6. according to claim 1 a kind of based on standby electrical power system of fuel cell for communication, it is characterized in that: described pressure-reducing valve P1, pressure-reducing valve P2, security solenoid valve, mechanical valve and pressure sensor S3 are connected and fixed by welding and pressure tuner.
7. hydrogen supply according to claim 2 unit, it is characterized in that: the filter plant of described clean unit is the filter that NaOH or limewash are housed, and is used for the filtering carbon dioxide.
8. hydrogen supply according to claim 2 unit, it is characterized in that: described catalyst is the oxide/carbon material catalyst of oxide/carbon material or the transition metal load high-specific surface area of noble-metal-supported high-specific surface area.
9. catalyst according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: described noble metal comprises platinum, ruthenium, gold; Described transition metal comprises copper, iron, cobalt; The oxide/carbon material of described high-specific surface area comprises specific area>40m 2/ g silicon dioxide, porous carbon, cerium oxide.
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CN105337399A (en) * 2015-11-09 2016-02-17 东莞市绿能宝汽车配件科技有限公司 Power supply converting (switching) system for oxyhydrogen machine
CN106159299A (en) * 2016-08-09 2016-11-23 江苏国泽光电科技有限公司 A kind of method for controlling power supply of fuel cell system
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CN106784477A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-31 双登集团股份有限公司 Portable fuel battery standby power system
CN106787139A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 北京有色金属研究总院 A kind of hydrogen-preparing hydrogen-storing backup power system of fuel cell for communication base station
CN108365240A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-08-03 西华大学 FCEV hydrogen fuel installation units are automatically controlled actively to arrange hydrogen system
CN108767295A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-11-06 苏州诺登德智能科技有限公司 A kind of Fuel Cell Control System
CN109088473A (en) * 2018-08-16 2018-12-25 深圳亚华伟翌科技有限公司 Battery energy management control system
CN110165770A (en) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-23 广东宏远氢能动力装备制造有限公司 Metal fuel new energy power supply vehicle of meet an emergency
CN110676482A (en) * 2019-09-09 2020-01-10 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 Fuel cell cogeneration system
CN110768352A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-02-07 上海氢润新能源科技有限公司 Integrated self-charging storage battery system with hydrogen fuel cell as charger
CN111463469A (en) * 2020-04-27 2020-07-28 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 Modular fuel cell standby power supply
CN111564884A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-08-21 重庆宗申氢能源动力科技有限公司 Distributed power generation system and control method thereof
CN111913010A (en) * 2020-07-03 2020-11-10 浙江锋源氢能科技有限公司 Fixing device, inspection line device and inspection line connecting method
CN112564259A (en) * 2020-11-09 2021-03-26 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Standby power supply system
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CN113561824A (en) * 2021-08-09 2021-10-29 四川帝威能源技术有限公司 Integrative stake of hydrogenation charging and waste heat recovery system

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CN103885422A (en) * 2014-03-26 2014-06-25 北京碧空氢能源科技股份有限公司 Hydrogen fuel standby power source monitoring system and method
CN104051768A (en) * 2014-06-16 2014-09-17 弗尔赛(上海)能源科技有限公司 Field detection and maintenance system for fuel cell power supply
CN105337399A (en) * 2015-11-09 2016-02-17 东莞市绿能宝汽车配件科技有限公司 Power supply converting (switching) system for oxyhydrogen machine
CN106410947A (en) * 2016-04-18 2017-02-15 北京航天动力研究所 Commercial power refueling cell stand-by power supply apparatus
CN106159299A (en) * 2016-08-09 2016-11-23 江苏国泽光电科技有限公司 A kind of method for controlling power supply of fuel cell system
CN106787139A (en) * 2016-12-27 2017-05-31 北京有色金属研究总院 A kind of hydrogen-preparing hydrogen-storing backup power system of fuel cell for communication base station
CN106784477A (en) * 2016-12-28 2017-05-31 双登集团股份有限公司 Portable fuel battery standby power system
CN108365240B (en) * 2018-03-30 2023-11-14 西华大学 Automatically controlled initiative hydrogen system that discharges of FCEV hydrogen fuel installation unit
CN108365240A (en) * 2018-03-30 2018-08-03 西华大学 FCEV hydrogen fuel installation units are automatically controlled actively to arrange hydrogen system
CN108767295A (en) * 2018-04-19 2018-11-06 苏州诺登德智能科技有限公司 A kind of Fuel Cell Control System
CN109088473A (en) * 2018-08-16 2018-12-25 深圳亚华伟翌科技有限公司 Battery energy management control system
CN110165770A (en) * 2019-05-31 2019-08-23 广东宏远氢能动力装备制造有限公司 Metal fuel new energy power supply vehicle of meet an emergency
CN110676482A (en) * 2019-09-09 2020-01-10 全球能源互联网研究院有限公司 Fuel cell cogeneration system
CN110768352A (en) * 2019-12-06 2020-02-07 上海氢润新能源科技有限公司 Integrated self-charging storage battery system with hydrogen fuel cell as charger
CN111463469A (en) * 2020-04-27 2020-07-28 浙江高成绿能科技有限公司 Modular fuel cell standby power supply
CN111564884A (en) * 2020-05-28 2020-08-21 重庆宗申氢能源动力科技有限公司 Distributed power generation system and control method thereof
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CN112564259A (en) * 2020-11-09 2021-03-26 上海电气集团股份有限公司 Standby power supply system
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