CN112290054B - Closed space fuel cell power generation system - Google Patents
Closed space fuel cell power generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN112290054B CN112290054B CN202011010909.7A CN202011010909A CN112290054B CN 112290054 B CN112290054 B CN 112290054B CN 202011010909 A CN202011010909 A CN 202011010909A CN 112290054 B CN112290054 B CN 112290054B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04179—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by purging or increasing flow or pressure of reactants
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a closed space fuel cell power generation system, which comprises a sealed cabin, a hydrogen supply device, an air compressor, a fuel cell stack, a tail gas composite device, a condenser, a gas-water separator, a collection water tank, a hydrogen elimination device, an oxygen concentration monitoring probe, an oxygen supply device and the like; the power generation system ensures that the concentration of oxygen in the air in the sealed cabin is stabilized in a set range by controlling the release of pure oxygen in the sealed cabin as required, creates conditions for long-time stable operation of a conventional hydrogen fuel battery, and innovatively solves the problem of electric energy supply of a closed space. Different from the conventional scheme of adopting the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell has the advantages of high technical maturity, long cycle service life, small water management difficulty, low system cost and the like, and has wide application prospect and great application value in the field of closed spaces such as aerospace, deep sea equipment, deep ground equipment, military cave depot and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell power generation system applied to a closed space.
Background
The closed space belongs to a special environmental condition, and is mainly characterized in that the closed space is relatively isolated from the outside, has no air or limited air inside, and is commonly used in the fields of aerospace, deep sea equipment, military tunnels and the like. In recent years, with the continuous and deep exploration activities of people for the businesses in the outer space and the deep sea, the demand for high-efficiency, reliable and emission-free closed space power generation technology at home and abroad is more urgent. However, conventional power generation techniques such as internal combustion engines cannot be used in enclosed spaces due to lack of air.
Currently, fuel cells are recognized as a major development direction of the closed space power generation technology. At present, most of fuel cell systems for closed spaces adopt an oxyhydrogen fuel cell system, the fuel cells can generate electricity by adopting self-carried pure hydrogen and pure oxygen, and the electricity generation process does not need to rely on external air. For example, chinese patent CN 102800882 adopts the technical route of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, i.e. pure hydrogen from the hydrogen storage device and pure oxygen from the oxygen storage device directly generate electrochemical reaction inside the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell module to generate electric energy for the underwater equipment.
Compared with the conventional hydrogen fuel cell, the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell directly adopts pure oxygen as an oxidant, on one hand, because the oxidability of the pure oxygen is extremely strong, the performance of the catalyst and the bipolar plate is attenuated quickly under the strong oxidability environment, so that the cycle life of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is generally short; on the other hand, the catalyst applied to a pure oxygen environment mostly adopts a platinum black catalyst, the bipolar plate generally needs to adopt gold plating treatment, and the cost of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is far higher than that of a conventional hydrogen fuel cell; in addition, because under the same power, the flow speed of pure oxygen is smaller than that of air with the same oxygen content, and the moisture generated by the galvanic pile is difficult to be brought out to the outside of the galvanic pile through oxygen, so that the water management difficulty of the galvanic pile is higher. The technical maturity of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is lower than that of the conventional hydrogen fuel cell.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a closed space fuel cell power generation system based on a conventional hydrogen-air fuel cell, aiming at the defects of low technical maturity, short cycle life, high water management difficulty, high system cost and the like of the conventional hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell power generation technology for the closed space.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a closed space fuel cell power generation system comprises a sealed cabin with an airtight structure, a fuel cell stack and an air compressor which are arranged in the sealed cabin, and a hydrogen supply device and an oxygen supply device which are arranged outside the sealed cabin; the outlet of the air compressor is divided into two branches, one branch is directly connected with the tail gas composite device, and the other branch is sequentially connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack, the condenser, the gas-water separator and the collecting water tank through connecting pipes; the hydrogen supply device is connected with the anode of the fuel cell stack through a hydrogen pressure reducing valve and then connected with a tail gas compounding device, a hydrogen/oxygen reaction catalyst is arranged in the tail gas compounding device, a gas path outlet of the tail gas compounding device is communicated with the inner space of the sealed cabin, and a water path interface of the tail gas compounding device is connected with the collection water tank through a connecting pipe; the oxygen supply device is connected with the oxygen release valve through the mass flow controller and then is communicated with the inner space of the sealed cabin; hydrogen from the hydrogen supply device and air from the internal space of the sealed cabin generate electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack to generate electric energy for the external load of the system.
The fuel cell stack of the closed space fuel cell power generation system is connected with an external electric load of the system through a positive electrode interface and a negative electrode interface.
In the closed space fuel cell power generation system, a cooling water cavity of a fuel cell stack is connected with an external cooling system through a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet.
The fuel cell stack of the closed space fuel cell power generation system adopts a hydrogen fuel cell.
In the closed space fuel cell power generation system, the hydrogen/oxygen reaction catalyst is a platinum-based catalyst or a palladium-based catalyst.
The hydrogen supply device of the closed space fuel cell power generation system can adopt modes of high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, metal solid hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, organic solution hydrogen storage, hydrolysis hydrogen production, reforming hydrogen production and the like.
The oxygen supply device of the closed space fuel cell power generation system can adopt the modes of high-pressure gaseous oxygen storage, low-temperature liquid oxygen storage, chemical oxygen production and the like.
The enclosed space fuel cell power generation system is characterized in that a hydrogen removing device is arranged in a sealed cabin.
The closed space fuel cell power generation system is characterized in that an oxygen concentration monitoring probe connected with an oxygen release valve is arranged in a sealed cabin of the closed space fuel cell power generation system.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1, a conventional hydrogen fuel battery system is adopted, and the technical maturity is high: most of the existing closed space fuel cell systems adopt an oxyhydrogen fuel cell system, and the system has few domestic and foreign research institutions and low technical maturity; compared with the hydrogen fuel battery system, the hydrogen fuel battery system has high technical maturity and engineering application conditions;
2, the difficulty of water management of the electric pile is low: the existing hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system adopts a series of complex drainage technologies because the oxygen flow is low and the generated water is difficult to discharge to the outside of the electric pile, so that the water management difficulty is high; compared with the hydrogen fuel cell which has larger air flow, the generated moisture can be directly discharged out of the electric pile along with the air, and the water management difficulty is relatively lower;
3, air with low corrosivity is used as an oxidant, and the system has long cycle life: the existing oxyhydrogen fuel cell system adopts pure oxygen with extremely strong oxidability as an oxidant, and under a strong oxidation environment, the service lives of a catalyst and a bipolar plate are relatively short, so that the cycle life of the oxyhydrogen fuel cell is directly relatively short; the hydrogen-air fuel cell of the invention adopts air as oxidant, and the cycle life of the hydrogen-air fuel cell is far longer than that of a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell system.
4, the generalized hydrogen fuel cell technology is adopted, the system cost is low: in order to prolong the service life of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, a catalyst with higher platinum content is required to be used, meanwhile, the bipolar plate is required to be subjected to gold plating treatment, a more complex drainage technology is adopted, and the application field is narrow, the industrial chain is incomplete, so that the overall cost of the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell is higher; compared with the prior art, the invention adopts the general and mature hydrogen fuel cell technology, and the overall cost is lower.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention.
The figures are numbered: 1-hydrogen supply device, 2-hydrogen pressure reducing valve, 3-air compressor, 4-fuel cell galvanic pile, 5-tail gas composite device, 6-condenser, 7-gas-water separator, 8-water collecting tank, 9-dehydrogenation device, 10-oxygen releasing valve, 11-mass flow controller, 12-oxygen supply device, 13-oxygen concentration monitoring probe, 14-sealed cabin, 101-cooling water inlet, 102-cooling water outlet, 201-positive electrode interface, 202-negative electrode interface.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the invention discloses a closed space fuel cell power generation system, which comprises a hydrogen supply device 1, a hydrogen pressure reducing valve 2, an air compressor 3, a fuel cell stack 4, a tail gas composite device 5, a condenser 6, a gas-water separator 7, a collection water tank 8, a hydrogen elimination device 9, an oxygen release valve 10, a mass flow controller 11, an oxygen supply device 12, an oxygen concentration monitoring probe 13, a sealed cabin 14, a cooling water inlet 101, a cooling water outlet 102, an anode interface 201, a cathode interface 202 and the like.
In the practical application process, the hydrogen supply device 1, the oxygen supply device 12, the cooling water inlet 101, the cooling water outlet 102, the positive electrode interface 201 and the negative electrode interface 202 are arranged outside the sealed cabin 14, and other devices are arranged inside the sealed cabin 14.
The sealed cabin 14 is of an airtight structure, the internal air and the external air of the sealed cabin 14 are in an isolated state, and the external air cannot enter the sealed cabin; the capsule 14 may be metal, plastic, composite, or other material. Because the fuel cell power generation system provided by the invention is mainly applied to the field of closed environments, when conditions allow, the sealed cabin 14 can be replaced by an external closed environment, namely, the sealed cabin 14 can be omitted, and the closed environment is directly used as the sealed cabin.
The hydrogen supply device 1 is connected with the anode of the fuel cell stack 4 through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 2 and then connected with the tail gas composite device 5, a gas path outlet of the tail gas composite device 5 is communicated with the inner space of the sealed cabin 14, a water path interface of the tail gas composite device 5 is connected with the water collecting tank 8 through a connecting pipe, and hydrogen from the hydrogen supply device 1 is reduced to a specified pressure (for example, gauge pressure of 50-300 kpa) through the hydrogen pressure reducing valve 2 and then enters the anode of the fuel cell stack 4; the oxygen supply device 12 is connected with the oxygen release valve 10 through the mass flow controller 11 and then is communicated with the internal space of the sealed cabin 14, and oxygen from the oxygen supply device 12 enters the internal space of the sealed cabin 14 through the oxygen release valve 10 after the flow of the oxygen is regulated by the mass flow controller 11, so as to provide required oxygen for the reaction of the fuel cell stack 4 in the cabin; the air in the sealed cabin 14 is pressurized to a specified pressure (for example, the gauge pressure is 50-300 kpa) by an air compressor 3 and then is divided into two branches, the branch 1 is connected with a tail gas composite device 5 by a connecting pipe to provide oxygen for the reaction of the composite device 5, and the branch 2 is connected with the cathode of a fuel cell stack 4, a condenser 6, a gas-water separator 7 and a collecting water tank 8.
The hydrogen and the air generate electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 4 to convert chemical energy into electric energy and heat energy; the electric energy generated by the fuel cell stack 4 is transmitted to an external electric load through the anode interface 201 and the cathode interface 202; the fuel cell stack 4 exchanges heat with an external cooling water system through the cooling water inlet 101 and the cooling water outlet 102, and brings heat generated in the power generation process to the outside of the system, so as to keep the temperature of the fuel cell stack 4 stable.
When hydrogen and air are electrochemically reacted in the fuel cell stack 4, unreacted hydrogen or air and water generated by the reaction need to be discharged out of the stack, wherein the anode side exhaust is called anode tail gas, and the cathode side exhaust is called cathode tail gas.
The anode tail row of the fuel cell stack 4 mainly comprises a small amount of unreacted hydrogen, liquid water and water vapor, the anode tail row is connected with the tail gas composite device 5 through a connecting pipe after being discharged from the stack, a hydrogen/oxygen reaction catalyst (such as a platinum-based catalyst or a palladium-based catalyst) is arranged in the tail gas composite device 5, and the small amount of unreacted hydrogen in the anode tail row and air from the air compressor 3 are subjected to chemical reaction under the action of the catalyst and converted into water. The water produced by the reaction enters the collecting water tank 8 through the connecting pipe. The excess air which does not participate in the reaction in the exhaust gas recombination device 5 is directly discharged into the inner space of the sealed cabin 14.
The cathode tail row of the fuel cell stack 4 mainly comprises unreacted air, liquid water and water vapor, the cathode tail is connected with a condenser 6 through a connecting pipe after being discharged out of the stack, and the condenser 6 can condense the water vapor in the cathode tail row into the liquid water. The condensed tail gas enters the gas-water separator 7, the liquid in the tail gas enters the collecting water tank 8 through a connecting pipe, and the gas in the tail gas enters the inner space of the sealed cabin 14.
For a closed environment, pure oxygen is generally adopted as an oxidant due to lack of air, so that a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack is generally selected as a power generation module in the closed space at present, and the hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell stack adopts pure hydrogen and pure oxygen as fuel to generate power. However, in the present invention, the fuel cell stack 4 employs a conventional hydrogen-air fuel cell that generates electricity using pure hydrogen and air as fuel.
The hydrogen supply device 1 has the main function of providing hydrogen for the power generation process of the fuel cell stack 4, and can adopt hydrogen storage modes such as high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, metal solid hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, organic solution hydrogen storage and the like, or adopt field hydrogen production modes such as hydrolysis hydrogen production, reforming hydrogen production and the like. After each task, the hydrogen supply device 1 may be replaced as a whole or supplied with hydrogen gas.
The oxygen supply device 12 mainly functions to supply oxygen for the power generation process of the fuel cell stack 4, and can adopt hydrogen storage modes such as high-pressure gaseous oxygen storage, low-temperature liquid oxygen storage and the like, or adopt field hydrogen production modes such as chemical oxygen production and the like; after each task, the oxygen supply apparatus 12 may be replaced as a whole or oxygen may be supplied thereto.
The sealed cabin 14 is internally provided with the dehydrogenation device 9, the dehydrogenation device 9 can monitor the hydrogen concentration in the internal space of the sealed cabin 14 in real time, when the hydrogen concentration exceeds a set value, such as 2% VOL, the dehydrogenation device 9 starts the dehydrogenation function to eliminate the hydrogen in the internal space of the sealed cabin 14, and when the hydrogen concentration is lower than the set value, such as 0.5% VOL, the dehydrogenation device 9 closes the dehydrogenation function; the number of the dehydrogenation unit 9 may be one or more.
The oxygen concentration monitoring probe 13 connected with the oxygen release valve 10 is arranged in the sealed cabin 14, the oxygen concentration monitoring probe 13 can monitor the oxygen concentration in the inner space of the sealed cabin 14 in real time, and the number of the oxygen concentration monitoring probes 13 can be one or more.
During the power generation process of the fuel cell stack 4, oxygen in the sealed cabin 14 is continuously consumed, so that the oxygen concentration in the cabin is continuously reduced. The oxygen release valve 10 is linked with the oxygen concentration monitoring probe 13, when the oxygen concentration is lower than a set value, such as 20% VOL, the oxygen release valve 10 is opened, the oxygen supply device 12 supplies oxygen to the sealed cabin 14 at a set flow rate, and the oxygen concentration in the cabin gradually rises; when the oxygen concentration is above the set point, e.g., 25% VOL, the oxygen release valve 10 is closed. Through the linkage of the oxygen release valve 10 and the oxygen concentration monitoring probe 13, the oxygen concentration in the sealed cabin 14 can be always controlled within a certain range, such as 20% VOL-25% VOL, and the oxygen concentration range is basically the same as that of the conventional open environment, so that a better environment is provided for the application of the conventional hydrogen-air fuel cell, and the fuel cell stack 4 based on the hydrogen-air fuel cell technical route can stably run for a long time within the oxygen concentration range.
The system of the invention arranges the hydrogen fuel cell in the sealed cabin, arranges the oxygen concentration real-time monitoring device in the sealed cabin, controls the release of pure oxygen in the sealed cabin according to the consumption condition of oxygen in the sealed cabin, ensures that the oxygen concentration in the air in the sealed cabin is basically constant, and creatively realizes the long-time stable operation of the hydrogen fuel cell in the sealed space. The invention can provide reliable and stable electric energy supply for equipment and personnel in the closed space. Because the technology of the hydrogen fuel cell with mature technology is adopted, the invention has the advantages of high technical maturity, long cycle service life, small water management difficulty, low system cost and the like.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and some embodiments of the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept of the present invention, and the invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments.
Claims (9)
1. An enclosed space fuel cell power generation system characterized by: comprises a sealed cabin (14) with an airtight structure, a fuel cell stack (4) and an air compressor (3) which are arranged in the sealed cabin (14), and a hydrogen supply device (1) and an oxygen supply device (12) which are arranged outside the sealed cabin (14); two branches are led out from the air compressor (3), one branch is connected with the tail gas compound device (5), and the other branch is sequentially connected with the cathode of the fuel cell stack (4), the condenser (6), the gas-water separator (7) and the collecting water tank (8); the hydrogen supply device (1) is connected with the anode of the fuel cell stack (4) through a hydrogen pressure reducing valve (2) and then is connected with a tail gas composite device (5), a hydrogen/oxygen reaction catalyst is arranged in the tail gas composite device (5), a gas path outlet of the tail gas composite device (5) is communicated with the inside of the sealed cabin (14), and a water path interface of the tail gas composite device (5) is connected with a water collecting tank (8); the oxygen supply device (12) is connected with the oxygen release valve (10) through a mass flow controller (11) and then is communicated with the inside of the sealed cabin (14); hydrogen from the hydrogen supply device (1) and air from the inside of the sealed cabin (14) are subjected to electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack (4) to generate electric energy for the external load of the system.
2. A confined space fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell stack (4) is connected to an external electrical load through a positive interface (201) and a negative interface (202).
3. A confined space fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell stack (4) is connected to an external cooling system via a cooling water inlet (101) and a cooling water outlet (102).
4. A confined space fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said fuel cell stack (4) employs hydrogen fuel cells.
5. A confined space fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said hydrogen/oxygen reaction catalyst is a platinum-based catalyst or a palladium-based catalyst.
6. The enclosed space fuel cell power generation system according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen supply device (1) employs high-pressure gaseous hydrogen storage, metal solid hydrogen storage, low-temperature liquid hydrogen storage, organic solution hydrogen storage, hydrolysis hydrogen production, or reforming hydrogen production.
7. A confined space fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said oxygen supply means (12) employs high pressure gaseous oxygen storage, low temperature liquid oxygen storage or chemical oxygen generation.
8. A confined space fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said enclosure (14) is provided with a hydrogen-elimination device (9).
9. A confined space fuel cell power generation system as claimed in claim 1, wherein said enclosure (14) is provided with an oxygen concentration monitoring probe (13) connected to said oxygen release valve (10).
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| CN113921839A (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2022-01-11 | 煤炭科学研究总院 | Fuel cell system suitable for underground coal mine |
| CN114284526B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2023-11-07 | 北京京豚科技有限公司 | Hydrogen-air fuel cell system suitable for amphibious working conditions and control method |
| CN115763893A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-03-07 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Underwater fuel cell power system based on hydrogen-air electric pile |
| CN118156559A (en) * | 2024-05-11 | 2024-06-07 | 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七一二研究所) | Nitrogen supply device and method for fuel cell in enclosed space |
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| CN110247136A (en) * | 2019-05-28 | 2019-09-17 | 武汉环达电子科技有限公司 | Aluminium fuel cell energy system under a kind of enclosed water |
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