CN111564884B - Distributed power generation system and control method thereof - Google Patents

Distributed power generation system and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN111564884B
CN111564884B CN202010481954.4A CN202010481954A CN111564884B CN 111564884 B CN111564884 B CN 111564884B CN 202010481954 A CN202010481954 A CN 202010481954A CN 111564884 B CN111564884 B CN 111564884B
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fuel cell
power
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CN111564884A (en
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蒋洋
李进
袁洪根
陈杰
聂海云
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Chongqing Zongshen Hydrogen Energy Power Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0063—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with circuits adapted for supplying loads from the battery
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
    • C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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Abstract

The invention discloses a distributed power generation system and a control method thereof, wherein the power generation system comprises a main control module, a methanol hydrogen production module, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, a system power supply module and a man-machine interaction module; the hydrogen safety module is used for providing standby hydrogen; the methanol hydrogen production module, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the system power supply module, the man-machine interaction module, the energy cache module and the hydrogen safety module are all connected with the main control module in a control way; the load bus is connected with the direct current conversion assembly of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module and the electric energy management assembly of the energy cache module in a star shape; and a voltage sensor and a current sensor are arranged on the load bus and connected with the main control module. The system has the advantages of reasonable structural design, better safety performance, small power fluctuation, contribution to improving the power generation efficiency and the like.

Description

Distributed power generation system and control method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of distributed power generation, in particular to a distributed power generation system for producing hydrogen by adopting a proton exchange membrane fuel cell and methanol and a control method thereof.
Background
The modern power system is very fragile in the presence of natural disasters such as earthquake, flood, storm, ice, snow, thunder and lightning, disturbance generated by any fault on a power grid can be affected by light velocity, and large-area power failure and even whole-grid breakdown can be caused seriously. In the face of the disastrous consequences possibly caused by the power failure of the large power grid, the power supply mode of 'the large power grid and distributed power generation' is promoted, the power supply of important users can be maintained under the conditions of power grid breakdown and accidental disasters, the disastrous consequences are avoided, and the power supply reliability is greatly improved. Therefore, the distributed power generation is particularly suitable for military special power supplies, standby power supplies of remote dispersed users and important areas which are difficult to reach by power supply networks.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation technology has the advantages of small pollution, high energy conversion efficiency, low noise, wide fuel source, easy construction, convenient maintenance and the like. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell can select fuels such as hydrogen and liquid methanol, and is considered as a core technology of electric automobiles and distributed power stations. However, the lifetime of the pem fuel cell is greatly affected by power fluctuation, the power generation efficiency is low, and the high-pressure gaseous pure hydrogen is flammable and explosive, and is strictly regulated by national regulations.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: how to provide a distributed power generation system and a control method thereof, wherein the distributed power generation system has the advantages of reasonable structural design, better safety performance and small power fluctuation and is beneficial to improving the power generation efficiency.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a distributed power generation system comprises a main control module, a methanol hydrogen production module for processing a methanol aqueous solution and extracting hydrogen, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module for controlling electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen and generating electric energy, a system power supply module for system power supply control and a human-computer interaction module for human-computer interaction control; the hydrogen-gas generating device is characterized by also comprising an energy cache module for storing electric energy and a hydrogen safety module for providing standby hydrogen; the methanol hydrogen production module, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the system power supply module, the man-machine interaction module, the energy cache module and the hydrogen safety module are all connected with the main control module in a control way; the load bus is connected with the direct current conversion assembly of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module and the electric energy management assembly of the energy cache module in a star shape; and a voltage sensor and a current sensor are arranged on the load bus and connected with the main control module.
Further, the methanol hydrogen production module comprises a methanol fuel tank for storing the methanol water solution, a fuel pump for delivering the methanol water solution, a reactor for hydrogen production and purification, and a purifier; a heater for heating the reactor and purifier; the buffer tank is used for temporarily storing the extracted hydrogen; a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas is arranged in the buffer tank, and a liquid level sensor is arranged in the methanol fuel tank.
A distributed power generation control method is characterized in that when the distributed power generation system is obtained, during operation, the voltage sensor and the current sensor of the load bus are used for detecting power consumption data of a load and feeding the data back to the main control module, the main control module calculates required power and corresponding hydrogen demand according to the received power consumption data and controls all modules, the hydrogen production rate of the methanol hydrogen production module is controlled, the output power is adjusted through the direct current conversion component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the energy cache module absorbs or releases electric energy to ensure stable output of the power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, and the hydrogen safety module provides standby hydrogen for the methanol hydrogen production module to ensure stable hydrogen supply speed.
Furthermore, the methanol hydrogen production module comprises a methanol hydrogen production control component for controlling the methanol hydrogen production module to start and stop, a methanol fuel tank for storing methanol aqueous solution, a fuel pump for conveying the methanol aqueous solution, a reactor for hydrogen production and purification, and a purifier; a heater for heating the reactor and purifier; the buffer tank is used for temporarily storing the extracted hydrogen; a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas is arranged in the buffer tank, and a liquid level sensor is arranged in the methanol fuel tank;
when the system is operated, the control of the methanol hydrogen production module and the hydrogen safety module by the main control module comprises the following steps:
before starting, detecting the pressure in the buffer tank and the liquid level height in the methanol fuel tank, and if the liquid level height in the methanol fuel tank is smaller than the minimum liquid level set height, controlling the methanol hydrogen production module to keep a shutdown state by the methanol hydrogen production control assembly, and sending prompt information to the man-machine interaction module through the main control module for prompting the filling of methanol water solution; if the pressure in the buffer tank is smaller than the minimum set starting pressure, controlling the hydrogen safety module to fill hydrogen into the buffer tank so as to maintain the interior of the methanol hydrogen production module in a hydrogen environment; if the liquid level height in the methanol fuel tank is greater than the minimum liquid level set height and the pressure in the buffer tank is greater than the minimum set starting pressure, the methanol hydrogen production control assembly controls the methanol hydrogen production module to enter a starting state to start to produce hydrogen;
after the reactor and the purifier are started, detecting the temperatures of the reactor and the purifier, controlling the system power module to supply power to the heater if the temperatures of the reactor and the purifier are both lower than the minimum set working temperature, heating the reactor and the purifier until the temperatures of the reactor and the purifier are both higher than the minimum set working temperature, and stopping the hydrogen safety module from filling hydrogen into the buffer tank; and if the temperatures of the reactor and the purifier are both higher than the maximum set working temperature, controlling the system power supply module to cut off the power supply to the heater and stop heating.
After the reactor is started, the methanol hydrogen production control assembly sets the initial rotating speed of a fuel pump according to the hydrogen demand, and extracts methanol aqueous solution to inject into the reactor to produce hydrogen; detecting the pressure in the buffer tank in real time, and if the pressure is greater than the minimum set starting pressure and less than the minimum set working pressure, increasing the rotating speed of the fuel pump and increasing the hydrogen production rate; if the pressure is larger than the maximum set working pressure, the rotating speed of the fuel pump is reduced, and the hydrogen production rate is reduced.
The hydrogen demand is obtained by the following formula:
Q ac ＝Q th ×ξ
Q th ＝(P FC ÷η FC )×282(L/h)
in the formula, P FC Is the output power, eta, of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell FC To generate the electric power efficiency, ξ is the correction factor.
Further, the fuel pump is controlled in a PWM manner, and the initial rotation speed of the fuel pump is determined by the following steps:
s1, firstly, acquiring flow values of the same methanol aqueous solution pumped by a fuel pump under the control of different duty ratios, and making an interpolation table;
s2, according to the hydrogen demand Q ac Calculating the flow of the methanol water solution in the methanol reforming reaction:
Figure GDA0004050986290000031
wherein rho is the density (g/L) of the methanol aqueous solution, and delta is the mass fraction (%) of methanol;
and S3, substituting the calculated flow of the methanol aqueous solution into an interpolation table, and calculating the duty ratio of PWM of the fuel pump as a control duty ratio for controlling the initial rotating speed of the fuel pump.
After the start, the pressure sensor detects the hydrogen pressure in the buffer tank at an interval time t1, and the increment of the duty ratio for controlling the fuel pump is calculated by adopting the following formula:
Δu＝kp*Δp+ki*p(k)
Δp＝p(k)-p(k-1)
wherein kp and ki are correction coefficients, Δ p is an air pressure increment, and p (k) and p (k-1) are respectively a kth pressure measurement value and a k-1 th pressure measurement value.
As an optimization, the pem fuel cell module further includes a fuel cell control module, and when in operation, the control of the pem fuel cell module by the main control module includes the following steps: when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module is started, limiting the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module through the direct current converter, and gradually loading according to the N% of the required power in a step-like increase mode, wherein the loading interval time is t2 until the output power is equal to the required power; when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module stops running, limiting the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module through the direct current converter, and gradually unloading according to the step-type reduction of N% of the required power, wherein the unloading interval time is t3 until the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module stops running completely.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module operates, the direct current conversion assembly changes the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack in a current limiting mode, and the output power is judged in the following mode:
if ψ 1 < ψ < 1, the output power thereof = load power-power of the energy buffer module, where ψ is the SOC of the energy buffer module;
if psi 2 < psi 1, the output power is between the minimum power and the rated power;
if psi 3 < psi 2, the output power is between the rated power and the maximum power;
if psi 4 < psi 3, the output power of the fuel cell stack maintains the maximum power;
if psi is less than psi 4 and the SOC of the energy buffer module continues to be reduced, the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack keeps the maximum power, and prompt information is sent to the man-machine interaction module through the main control module to remind that the load is overloaded.
In conclusion, the system has the advantages of reasonable structural design and better safety performance, and the method has the advantages of small power fluctuation, contribution to improving the power generation efficiency and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a distributed power generation system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a control method of a distributed power generation system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
In the specific implementation: as shown in fig. 1, a distributed power generation system includes a main control module, a methanol hydrogen production module for processing a methanol aqueous solution and extracting hydrogen, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module for controlling hydrogen and oxygen to generate electrochemical reaction and generate electric energy, a system power supply module for system power supply control, and a human-computer interaction module for human-computer interaction control; the hydrogen storage system comprises an energy cache module for storing electric energy, a hydrogen safety module for providing standby hydrogen and a load bus for connecting a load. The main control module is connected with the methanol hydrogen production module, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the system power supply module, the man-machine interaction module, the energy cache module and the hydrogen safety module, controls the working state of each module, and is structurally a single chip microcomputer with a multipath communication serial port.
The load bus is in star connection with a direct current conversion assembly of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module and an electric energy management assembly of the energy cache module; and a voltage sensor and a current sensor are arranged on the load bus and connected with the main control module.
And the methanol hydrogen production module is used for extracting methanol water solution from a methanol water fuel tank to carry out reforming reaction to generate mixed gas of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and outputting the hydrogen with the hydrogen purity of more than 99.95 percent after purification. The structure of the device comprises a methanol hydrogen production control component, a methanol fuel tank, a fuel pump, a heat exchanger, a heater, a reactor, a purifier, a methanation reactor, a filter, a buffer tank, a liquid flowmeter, a gas flowmeter, a pipeline, a valve and a matched sensor. And a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas is arranged in the buffer tank, and a liquid level sensor is arranged in the methanol fuel tank. The methanol hydrogen production control component is connected with a main control module of the distributed power generation system.
And the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module is connected with the methanol hydrogen production module through a hydrogen pipeline, and generates electric power through the electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen by using pure hydrogen and air from the methanol hydrogen production module as reaction gases. The structure of the device comprises a fuel cell control assembly, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack, an air supply assembly, a hydrogen supply/circulation assembly, a heat dissipation assembly, a direct current conversion assembly and various sensors matched with the direct current conversion assembly. The fuel cell control assembly is connected with the distributed power generation system main control module.
The energy buffer module is connected with the direct current conversion component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module through a circuit and used for absorbing and storing (or releasing) part of electric energy so as to maintain the fuel cell to work in a high-efficiency power section. The structure of the energy storage device comprises an energy storage assembly and an electric energy management system assembly.
The hydrogen safety module is used for providing standby hydrogen for the fuel cell module and the methanol hydrogen production module so as to ensure the safety of equipment; the hydrogen leakage detection alarm and emergency disposal functions are provided for the distributed power generation system. The structure of the hydrogen leakage alarm device comprises a standby hydrogen component, a hydrogen leakage alarm component and a safety control component. The safety control assembly is connected with the main control module of the distributed power generation system.
The system power supply module is connected with the main control module of the distributed power generation system and used for supplying power to the distributed power generation system;
the main body of the man-machine interaction module is a computer, special software for the distributed power generation system is installed, the man-machine interaction module is connected with the main control module of the distributed power generation system, detected system data information is displayed through a display, and an operator can manually intervene and control the operation of the distributed power generation system through the man-machine interaction module.
And the load bus is in star connection with the direct current conversion component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module and the electric energy management system component of the energy cache module and is provided with a voltage sensor and a current sensor. And providing power for the electric equipment.
In the embodiment, the power utilization data of the load detected by the voltage sensor and the current sensor of the load bus is transmitted to the main control module of the distributed power generation system; the main control module calculates the required power and the corresponding hydrogen demand according to the received power consumption data to control each module, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the hydrogen production rate of the methanol hydrogen production module is adjusted by controlling the rotating speed of a fuel pump of the methanol hydrogen production module.
The output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module is adjusted through a direct current conversion component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module.
The absorption/release of electricity by the energy buffer module makes the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module in the optimum state.
The reaction lag of the methanol hydrogen production module when the main control module of the distributed power generation system adjusts the hydrogen production rate is compensated by the hydrogen safety module.
The power supply control is carried out on the distributed power generation system through a system power supply module;
and displaying the detected system data information through the man-machine interaction module, and transmitting the operation information of the operator to the main control module of the distributed power generation system.
The control method for the methanol hydrogen production module part comprises the following steps:
when the methanol hydrogen production module is started, whether the hydrogen pressure in the buffer tank is larger than 0.1Mpa and whether the liquid level height of the methanol fuel tank is higher than the system protection level value are detected. And if the hydrogen pressure of the buffer tank is less than 0.1MPa, opening the standby hydrogen component of the hydrogen safety module, and filling hydrogen into the buffer tank to maintain the interior of the methanol hydrogen production module in a hydrogen environment. If the liquid level of the methanol fuel tank is lower than a system protection set value, the methanol hydrogen production control assembly refuses the methanol hydrogen production module to enter a starting state, and sends information to the man-machine interaction module through the distributed power generation system main control module to remind an operator to fill methanol water fuel in time. If the two detection data meet the starting requirement, the system power supply module is used for electrifying the heater and heating the reactor and the purifier.
After the reactor and the purifier are started, the temperature of the reactor and the purifier is detected, and when the temperature of the reactor and the purifier is detected to be more than 350 ℃, the standby hydrogen component stops filling hydrogen into the buffer tank. The methanol hydrogen production module enters a normal operation state at the moment, and the methanol hydrogen production module starts to produce a small amount of hydrogen so as to self-maintain a pure hydrogen environment in the equipment.
In the normal operation hydrogen production process of the methanol hydrogen production module, if the liquid level is detected to be lower than the system protection level value, liquid level information is sent to the distributed power generation system main control module, and an operator is reminded to fill methanol water fuel through the man-machine interaction module.
When the temperature of the reactor and the purifier is detected to be higher than 400 ℃, the heater stops working, and the power supply module of the system cuts off the power supply to the heater.
After the methanol hydrogen production control assembly receives a control signal of the distributed power generation system main control module, the fuel pump is started, the initial rotating speed of the fuel pump is set according to the hydrogen demand, and the fuel is pumped and injected into the reactor to start to produce hydrogen. If the temperature of the reactor or the purifier is lower than 350 ℃ in the hydrogen production process, the system power supply module is used for electrifying the heater and heating the reactor and the purifier so as to maintain the reaction temperature.
And in the hydrogen production process, detecting the pressure of the hydrogen in the buffer tank in real time, and if the pressure of the hydrogen in the buffer tank is more than 0.18Mpa in the hydrogen production process, reducing the rotating speed of the fuel pump and reducing the hydrogen production amount until the hydrogen production is stopped. If the pressure of the hydrogen in the buffer tank is less than 0.12Mpa in the hydrogen production process, the rotating speed of the fuel pump is increased, and the hydrogen production rate is increased.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the hydrogen demand is determined by:
the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell is P FC (unit kW) and the power generation efficiency is eta FC (in%), the theoretical hydrogen demand is then:
Q th ＝(P FC ÷η FC )×282(L/h)
the actual hydrogen demand is the theoretical value x the correction factor ξ:
Q ac ＝Q th ×ξ
the correction coefficient xi is related to the configuration of the distributed power generation system, and the value range of xi in the embodiment is 1.05-1.5.
In the embodiment, the rotation speed of the fuel pump is controlled by a PWM method, the density ρ (g/L) of the methanol aqueous solution, the mass fraction δ (%) of methanol, and the initial rotation speed of the fuel pump are determined by:
1. firstly, in a laboratory, the same type of fuel pump is adopted to pump methanol aqueous solution with the same parameters, the duty ratio of PWM control is gradually changed from 1% to 100%, the fuel pump is controlled to pump the methanol aqueous solution at different speeds, the flow values of the methanol aqueous solution under different PWM duty ratios are measured, and an interpolation table is drawn.
2. According to the hydrogen demand Q ac Calculating the flow of the methanol aqueous solution in the methanol reforming reaction:
Figure GDA0004050986290000061
3. and substituting the calculated flow of the methanol-water solution into an interpolation table, calculating the PWM duty ratio of the fuel pump in the initial state, and further determining the rotating speed under the control of the PWM duty ratio as the initial rotating speed of the fuel pump.
In order to stabilize the hydrogen production rate within a set range, the rotation speed of the fuel pump is adjusted in the following manner.
In this embodiment, the pressure sensor collects the pressure value of the hydrogen gas in the buffer tank every 0.2S, and the pressure measurement values of the k-th time and the (k-1) th time are respectively measured as p (k) and p (k-1), so as to determine the pressure increment Δ p = p (k) -p (k-1), that is, the difference between the current pressure data and the previous pressure data, and further calculate the PWM duty increment Δ u of the fuel pump in the following manner:
Δu＝kp*Δp+ki*p(k)
wherein kp and ki are correction coefficients, and in the embodiment, kp =0.4; ki =0.065.
Meanwhile, in this embodiment, the method for controlling the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module includes:
when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module starts to operate, limiting the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack through the direct current converter, and carrying out power loading along a loading curve set by an internal program of the fuel cell control assembly; when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module is shut down and stopped, the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is limited through the direct current converter, and power unloading is carried out along an unloading curve set by an internal program of the fuel cell control assembly.
In this embodiment, the loading and unloading modes are respectively as follows:
loading: step-type loading is carried out according to 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90% and 100% of rated power, and the loading time interval is 2s.
Unloading: the unloading is performed according to 75%, 50% and 25% of the running power of the system before unloading.
When the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module receives a control signal of the main control module of the distributed power generation system, the direct current conversion assembly changes the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack in a current limiting mode, so that the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is in an optimal working range.
In the present embodiment, the output power of the fuel cell stack is determined by:
the SOC of the energy buffer module is counted psi,
if 0.81 < psi < 1, the output power of the fuel cell stack = load power-energy buffer module power;
if 0.71 < psi < 0.81, the output power of the fuel cell stack varies from the minimum power to the rated power;
if 0.51 < psi < 0.7, the output power of the fuel cell stack is changed between the rated power and the maximum power;
if the psi is more than 0.31 and less than 0.5, the output power of the fuel cell stack keeps the maximum power;
if ψ < 0.3, the output power of the fuel cell stack maintains the maximum power. If the energy cache module SOC continues to decrease, the system prompts the operator to overload.
In addition, in this embodiment, the heat dissipation assembly of the pem fuel cell module adopts an incremental PID control method. The control of the reaction temperature in the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is realized by changing the rotating speed of the cooling fan.
Specifically, the following method is adopted for the incremental PID control of the temperature:
the fuel cell control assembly collects temperature signals at the frequency of 20Hz, the temperature data collected at the times of z, z-1 and z-2 are respectively counted as T (z), T (z-1) and T (z-2), and then the increment of the rotating speed of the cooling fan is as follows:
Δe＝Kp*[T(z)-T(z-1)]+Ki*T(z)+Kd*[T(z)+T(z-2)-2*T(z-1)]
wherein Kp, ki and Kd are experimental data.
Further, the energy cache module control method comprises the following steps:
(1) If the bus load is larger than the maximum output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the energy cache module operates in an output mode: output power = load power-fuel cell maximum power.
(2) If the bus load is larger than the rated output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module and smaller than the maximum output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the energy cache module operates in an output mode: output power = load power-fuel cell rated power.
(3) If the bus load is smaller than the rated output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the energy cache module operates in a charging mode: charging power = fuel cell rated power-load power.
(4) If the bus load is less than the minimum output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the energy cache module operates in a charging mode: charging power = fuel cell rated power-load power or charging power = energy buffer module maximum charging power.
Further, the hydrogen safety module control method includes:
i. and if the pressure of the hydrogen in the buffer tank of the methanol hydrogen production module is less than 0.1MPa, opening an air supply loop of the standby hydrogen assembly, and filling hydrogen into the buffer tank to maintain the interior of the methanol hydrogen production module in a hydrogen environment.
And ii, if the hydrogen supply of the methanol hydrogen production module is insufficient when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module operates normally, opening a gas supply loop of the standby hydrogen assembly to supply hydrogen required by normal operation to the fuel cell.
And iii, if the hydrogen leakage alarm component detects that hydrogen leakage occurs in the distributed power generation system, sending an alarm signal to the safety control component, immediately cutting off a hydrogen pipeline in the hydrogen safety module by the safety control component, starting the forced ventilation device, and simultaneously transmitting the alarm signal to the main control module of the distributed power generation system. And after the distributed power generation system main control module receives the signal, the output loop of the fuel cell is disconnected, the hydrogen pipeline of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module is closed, and the hydrogen production by the methanol is stopped. And the man-machine interaction module displays the alarm information.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A distributed power generation control method is characterized in that a distributed power generation system is obtained, wherein the distributed power generation system comprises a main control module, a methanol hydrogen production module for processing a methanol water solution and extracting hydrogen, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell module for controlling electrochemical reaction of hydrogen and oxygen and generating electric energy, a system power supply module for controlling system power supply and a human-computer interaction module for human-computer interaction control; the hydrogen safety hydrogen generating device also comprises an energy cache module for storing electric energy and a hydrogen safety module for providing standby hydrogen; the methanol hydrogen production module, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the system power supply module, the man-machine interaction module, the energy cache module and the hydrogen safety module are all connected with the main control module in a control way; the load bus is used for connecting a load, and the load bus is connected with the direct current conversion assembly of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module and the electric energy management assembly of the energy cache module in a star shape; a voltage sensor and a current sensor are arranged on the load bus and connected with the main control module;
when the system runs, the voltage sensor and the current sensor of the load bus are used for detecting the power consumption data of a load and feeding the power consumption data back to the main control module, the main control module calculates the required power and the corresponding hydrogen demand according to the received power consumption data to control each module, the hydrogen production rate of the methanol hydrogen production module is controlled, the output power is adjusted through the direct current conversion component of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, the energy is absorbed or released through the energy cache module to ensure the stable power output of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module, and the hydrogen safety module is used for providing standby hydrogen for the methanol hydrogen production module to ensure the stable hydrogen supply speed;
the methanol hydrogen production module comprises a methanol hydrogen production control component for controlling the methanol hydrogen production module to start and stop, a methanol fuel tank for storing methanol water solution, a fuel pump for conveying the methanol water solution, a reactor for hydrogen production and purification and a purifier; a heater for heating the reactor and the purifier; the buffer tank is used for temporarily storing and extracting hydrogen; a pressure sensor for detecting the pressure of hydrogen gas is arranged in the buffer tank, and a liquid level sensor is arranged in the methanol fuel tank;
when the system is operated, the control of the methanol hydrogen production module and the hydrogen safety module by the main control module comprises the following steps:
before starting, detecting the pressure in the buffer tank and the liquid level height in the methanol fuel tank, and if the liquid level height in the methanol fuel tank is smaller than the minimum liquid level set height, controlling the methanol hydrogen production module to keep a shutdown state by the methanol hydrogen production control assembly, and sending prompt information to the man-machine interaction module through the main control module for prompting the filling of methanol water solution; if the pressure in the buffer tank is smaller than the minimum set starting pressure, controlling the hydrogen safety module to fill hydrogen into the buffer tank so as to maintain the interior of the methanol hydrogen production module in a hydrogen environment; if the liquid level height in the methanol fuel tank is greater than the minimum liquid level set height and the pressure in the buffer tank is greater than the minimum set starting pressure, the methanol hydrogen production control assembly controls the methanol hydrogen production module to enter a starting state to start to produce hydrogen;
after the reactor and the purifier are started, detecting the temperatures of the reactor and the purifier, controlling the system power module to supply power to the heater if the temperatures of the reactor and the purifier are both lower than the minimum set working temperature, heating the reactor and the purifier until the temperatures of the reactor and the purifier are both higher than the minimum set working temperature, and stopping the hydrogen safety module from filling hydrogen into the buffer tank; and if the temperatures of the reactor and the purifier are both higher than the maximum set working temperature, controlling the system power supply module to cut off the power supply to the heater and stop heating.
2. The distributed power generation control method according to claim 1, wherein after starting, the methanol hydrogen production control assembly sets the initial rotating speed of a fuel pump according to the hydrogen demand, and extracts methanol water solution to inject into a reactor to produce hydrogen; detecting the pressure in the buffer tank in real time, and if the pressure is greater than the minimum set starting pressure and less than the minimum set working pressure, increasing the rotating speed of the fuel pump and increasing the hydrogen production rate; and if the pressure is greater than the maximum set working pressure, reducing the rotating speed of the fuel pump and reducing the hydrogen production rate.
3. The distributed power generation control method according to claim 2, wherein the hydrogen demand is obtained using the following formula:
Q ac ＝Q th ×ξ
Q th ＝(P FC ÷η FC )×282
in the formula, P FC Is the output power, eta, of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell FC Xi is a correction coefficient, Q, for the efficiency of power generation th Is the theoretical requirement for hydrogen.
4. The distributed power generation control method according to claim 2, wherein the fuel pump is controlled in a PWM manner, and an initial rotation speed thereof is determined by:
s1, firstly, acquiring flow values of a fuel pump for pumping the same methanol aqueous solution under the control of different duty ratios, and manufacturing an interpolation table;
s2, according to the hydrogen demand Q ac Calculating the flow of the methanol water solution in the methanol reforming reaction:
Figure FDA0004093206210000021
wherein rho is the density (g/L) of the methanol aqueous solution, and delta is the mass fraction (%) of methanol;
and S3, substituting the calculated methanol aqueous solution flow into an interpolation table, and calculating the duty ratio of the PWM of the fuel pump as a control duty ratio for controlling the initial rotating speed of the fuel pump.
5. The distributed power generation control method according to claim 4, wherein after start-up, the pressure sensor detects the hydrogen pressure in the buffer tank at an interval t1, and the increment of the duty ratio for controlling the fuel pump is calculated using the following equation:
Δu＝kp*Δp+ki*p(k)
Δp＝p(k)-p(k-1)
wherein kp and ki are correction coefficients, Δ p is an air pressure increment, and p (k) and p (k-1) are respectively a k-th pressure measurement value and a k-1-th pressure measurement value.
6. The distributed power generation control method according to claim 1, wherein the pem fuel cell module further comprises a fuel cell control assembly, and when in operation, the control of the pem fuel cell module by the main control module comprises the following steps: when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module is started, limiting the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module through the direct current converter, and gradually loading according to the step increase of N% of the required power, wherein the loading interval time is t2 until the output power is equal to the required power; when the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module stops running, limiting the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module through the direct current converter, and gradually unloading according to the step-type reduction of N% of the required power, wherein the unloading interval time is t3 until the proton exchange membrane fuel cell module stops running completely.
7. The distributed power generation control method according to claim 6, wherein when the pem fuel cell module is in operation, the dc conversion assembly changes the output power of the pem fuel cell stack in a current limiting manner, and the output power is determined as follows:
if 0.81 < psi < 1, the output power = load power-power of energy buffer module, where psi is the SOC of energy buffer module;
if 0.71 < psi < 0.81, the output power is between the minimum power and the rated power;
if 0.51 < psi < 0.7, the output power is between the rated power and the maximum power;
if the psi is more than 0.31 and less than 0.5, the output power of the fuel cell stack keeps the maximum power;
if psi is less than 0.3, and the SOC of the energy cache module continues to be reduced, the output power of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack keeps the maximum power, and prompt information is sent to the man-machine interaction module through the main control module to remind that the load is overloaded.
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