CN103076270B - Toroidal fissured rock sample, MHC coupled seepage experimental device of sample and use method of device - Google Patents
Toroidal fissured rock sample, MHC coupled seepage experimental device of sample and use method of device Download PDFInfo
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- CN103076270B CN103076270B CN201310033897.3A CN201310033897A CN103076270B CN 103076270 B CN103076270 B CN 103076270B CN 201310033897 A CN201310033897 A CN 201310033897A CN 103076270 B CN103076270 B CN 103076270B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an MHC (mechanical-hydrological-chemical) coupled seepage experimental device for testing a toroidal fissured rock sample. The device is provided with a pressure stabilizing mechanism located above the experimental device and used for providing experimental pressure, a loading head located below the pressure stabilizing mechanism and used for transferring the pressure, a confining pressure chamber located below the loading head and providing liquid confining pressure and an axial pressure experimental environment for the sample, and a force transmission column located below the confining pressure chamber, wherein the confining pressure chamber is provided with a vertical annular confining pressure chamber side wall; an upper sealing cover and a lower sealing cover are arranged above and below the confining pressure chamber side wall respectively and provided with through holes respectively; the two through holes are coaxial; at least one solution flowing hole is formed in the confining pressure chamber side wall; and the force transmission column is internally provided with a pipeline I. Each sample is arranged in a corrosive solution with certain pressure, the pressure of the solution provides the confining pressure and an inflow water head, and a loading device and a gas storage tank pressure stabilizing device provide long-duration loads for a creeping test at the two ends of the sample.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of rock sample seepage flow test device, relate in particular to a kind of annular crack rock sample seepage flow test device of MHC coupling.Relating to Patent classificating number G01 measures; Test G01N by means of measure material chemistry or physical property is tested or the characteristic of analysis of material G01N15/00 particle tested; The perviousness of test porosint, perviousness, volume of voids or the pore surface area of volume of voids or pore surface area G01N15/08 test porosint.
Background technology
Rock mass is the complex dielectrics that is rich in crack, under complicated terrestrial stress and groundwater environment effect, is subject to the complexing action of the physics and chemistry of stress and water again, causes very large impact for mechanical behavior and the stability of rock mass.
First be the problem of seepage-stress coupling, for example dam break event of famous Tekon dam, is exactly that typical Seepage of Rock Masses destroys problem, and since this event occurs, people are for the Seepage problems pay attention to day by day of crack rock.Next is the impact of chemical corrosion for rock mass, chemical corrosion causes rock medium microscopical structure and Crack change, thereby the variation of the mechanical property of causing and mechanics, hydraulic parameters (for example infiltration coefficient), the problem of this aspect has become the crucial science hot issue of nuke rubbish storage, field of petroleum exploitation.The time effect of many coupling process of above-mentioned seepage-stress-chemistry again, the problem of the TERM DEFORMATION that said process causes, i.e. the rheological effect problem of rock, also becomes the focus of area research.Above-mentioned rock mass is the process of many couplings of M-H-C together with variant factors in essence in the evolutionary process of complicated stress and environment, being the forward position focus of world today's ambit, is also the increasing urgent problem solving of rock mechanics requirement of engineering.
The research of the M-H-C coupling of rock comes into one's own in the world day by day, and relevant testing equipment is also at development and application constantly.But take a broad view of existing shop test equipment, also have certain limitation for the seepage flow test of rock cranny, main manifestations is: 1) most seepage-stress-chemical coupling testing equipment complex structure, involve great expense, and cause like this experimentation cost high.2) current seepage-stress-chemical coupling test single test generally can only adopt a test specimen, operates long (be generally some months, even several years) consuming time when carrying out complicated rheological test, so efficiency is lower.3) mostly based on standard specimen, water inlet end and water side are respectively at the two ends of test specimen, and test specimen is run through in crack.And the seepage flow condition of actual rock mass engineering project varies, quite complicated.Taking deep Tunnel Infiltration as example, seepage flow free face is cambered surface instead of plane.
How to develop and meet that complex stress is more multifarious, many coupling rock test equipment of more economical and practical efficient M-H-C are quite necessary for exploring stress field-waterpower field-chemical fields coupling mechanism, and have become the task of top priority.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the proposition of above problem, and a kind of annular crack rock sample of development has: columned test specimen main body, this test specimen main body has an axially extending bore, the center superposition of the center of this through hole and described test specimen main body; The sidewall of test specimen has one and radially connects crack; The aperture of described through hole is 1/5th of test specimen main body external diameter.
Test wrapper, to a MHC seepage coupling experimental provision for fissure rock test specimen, has:
Be positioned at experimental provision top, the pressure stabilizing mechanism of experimental pressure be provided,
Be positioned at pressure stabilizing mechanism below, the loading head of transmission of pressure,
Be positioned at loading head below, the confined pressure chamber of liquid confined pressure and test specimen axle pressure experimental situation is provided, this confined pressure chamber has the annular confined pressure chamber sidewall of vertical setting, the above and below of confined pressure chamber sidewall is respectively equipped with sealing upper cover and sealing lower cover, described sealing upper cover and sealing lower cover have respectively a through hole, and described two through hole is coaxial; Described confined pressure chamber sidewall has at least one solution discharge orifice;
Be positioned at the force-transmitting pole of below, confined pressure chamber; The inside of this force-transmitting pole has pipeline I;
Under work use state, the lower end of described loading head is through the through hole of described sealing upper cover; The upper end of described force-transmitting pole is through the through hole of described sealing lower cover; Sealing upper cover, confined pressure chamber sidewall, sealing lower cover, loading head and force-transmitting pole form the space of an approximate sealing; Test specimen bears the axle pressure that loading head applies and is fixed between described loading head and force-transmitting pole; One end sealing that described test specimen contacts with described loading head, its internal duct is communicated with outside graduated cylinder by the pipeline I of described force-transmitting pole;
Experimental solutions enters exterior line I by outside confined pressure pump pressurization, enters space through described solution discharge orifice, forms confined pressure, enters test specimen inside through radially connecting crack, finally flows into graduated cylinder.
Described loading head is connected with the displacement transducer of perception test specimen axial displacement.
Described exterior line I is provided with and controls experimental solutions confined pressure, for confined pressure chamber provides the voltage stabilizing static servo valve of confined pressure steady in a long-term.
The top and bottom of described annular confined pressure chamber sidewall have respectively the interior edge of extending to confined pressure chamber interior, in described two along thering is respectively through hole I and the through hole II consistent with the through hole internal diameter size of described sealing upper cover and sealing lower cover; The binding site of described loading head and test specimen is in described through hole I, and the binding site of described force-transmitting pole and test specimen is in described through hole II;
Described loading head, test specimen and force-transmitting pole and described through hole I and through hole II interference fit.
The upper base of described through hole I and through hole II is processed into counterbore with going to the bottom, and in described counterbore, is fixed with O-ring seal.
Be positioned at the loading frame of device external, described loading frame has top board and base plate; The lower surface of top board contacts with described stable-pressure device; Described base plate supports described experimental provision by device pedestal.
S100. rock is processed into columniform test specimen with holes, on described test specimen, processes at least one perforation crack radially;
S200. test specimen is placed between loading head and force-transmitting pole, test specimen internal duct is communicated with force-transmitting pole internal duct I;
S300. open described confined pressure pump, test specimen is applied to confined pressure fluid pressure;
S400. open loading head, test specimen is axially loaded; By power sensor control load, according to time effect requirement, keep the load regular hour, within this time period, keep constant load by described stable-pressure device;
S500. according to the displacement of the test specimen of the record of the flow of fixed interval record infiltration test specimen internal liquid, recorded bit displacement sensor; Until reach the requirement of experiment time.
S600. experiment finishes.
Also there is step
S550. whether judgment experiment finishes, if do not finish, changes confined pressure hydraulic pressure or changes shaft pressuring load, returns to step S300; If finish, carry out step S600.
In described step S100, adopt the rock sample of staight scissors method processing containing annular crack.
Owing to having adopted technique scheme, proving installation provided by the invention, by solution pressure and solution are provided by hydraulic pump, can be adjusted xial feed and lateral pressure neatly, has strengthened test condition adaptability.Test specimen inner chamber and outside separate by sealing, and each test specimen is placed among the corrosive solution of certain pressure, and solution pressure both provided confined pressure that the head into water is also provided, and test specimen two ends provide the long duration load of creep test by charger and gas-holder stable-pressure device.Test specimen inner chamber is connected with outside by aqueduct, can record flow.More usefully can regard in fact tunnel scaled model as containing radially connecting crack cylinder test specimen, in Tunnel Infiltration Analysis on Mechanism, there is obvious advantage.In addition, because this device is simple, cost compare is low, can adopt multi-joint rock sample to test simultaneously.
Brief description of the drawings
For the technical scheme of clearer explanation embodiments of the invention or prior art, introduce simply the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or description of the Prior Art being done to one below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is only some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, do not paying under the prerequisite of creative work, can also obtain according to these accompanying drawings other accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is side view of the present invention
Fig. 2 is that the present invention adopts two devices side view in parallel
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of confined pressure of the present invention chamber
Fig. 4 is confined pressure of the present invention chamber BB schematic cross-section
Fig. 5 is the AA schematic cross-section of confined pressure of the present invention chamber
Fig. 6 is the cut-open view of rock sample of the present invention
Fig. 7 is the BB schematic cross-section of rock sample of the present invention
Fig. 8 is the AA schematic cross-section of rock sample of the present invention
Fig. 9 is the schematic diagram of voltage stabilizing static servo valve of the present invention
Figure 10 is process flow diagram of the present invention
Figure 11 is the graph of a relation of confined pressure and infiltration coefficient in the present invention
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram that is related to of pore water pressure of the present invention and osmosis system
Figure 13 is the schematic diagram that is related to of time deformation, load and test period
Embodiment
For making object, technical scheme and the advantage of embodiments of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is known to complete description:
As shown in Fig. 6-7: a kind of annular crack rock sample, has:
Columned test specimen main body 3, this test specimen main body 3 has an axially extending bore, the center superposition of the center of this through hole and described test specimen main body 3.
In order to ensure the sidewall thickness of rock sample, the aperture of described through hole is 1/5th of test specimen main body 3 outer rooms, in experimentation, and the external diameter processing 5cm of test specimen main body 3, the diameter of through hole is 1cm.
The formation in described perforation crack radially: first use staight scissors method that test specimen main body 3 is divided into two sections, then two sections of test specimens are compressed along the alignment of section place, complete the processing that radially connects crack.
For can be to special rock sample disclosed by the invention, carry out the Seepage Experiment under MHC coupling environment, as shown in Figure 1: a kind of MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of annular crack rock sample, mainly comprises:
Pressure stabilizing mechanism 2, confined pressure chamber 1 and external unit.
Pressure stabilizing mechanism 2 is positioned at the top of experimental provision, is mainly test specimen axial experimental pressure is provided.
The time of considering rock Seepage Experiment is conventionally consuming time surprising, several months at least, 1 year at most, need to be continuously for test specimen provides axle pressure, therefore preferred, described pressure stabilizing mechanism 2 mainly comprises two parts: superposed stable-pressure device 21 and the charger 22 that is positioned at bottom, described stable-pressure device 21 can adopt air pump or air cushion that pressure can be successively provided.Charger 22 can use lifting jack etc.
Below pressure stabilizing mechanism 2, be provided with loading head 11, charger 22 described in the support of upper end, lower end directly contacts with test specimen, and axial pressure is provided.
Consider, under normal circumstances, the diameter of charger 22 is all greater than the diameter of test specimen 3, as an embodiment preferably: the upper end of loading head 11 is a level tray, has been wholely set a metal cylinder below pallet.
Loading head 11 belows, are nucleus equipment of the present invention, for rock sample provides the confined pressure chamber 1 of liquid confined pressure and test specimen axle pressure experimental situation.
Confined pressure chamber 1 mainly comprises: under use state, and the annular confined pressure chamber sidewall 13 vertically arranging.Be respectively equipped with a sealing upper cover 12 and a sealing lower cover 15 in the above and below of confined pressure chamber sidewall 13.Described sealing upper cover 12 and sealing lower cover 13 have respectively a through hole, as an embodiment preferably, described two through hole is coaxial, and the size of two through hole matches with the diameter of metal cylinder and the diameter of force-transmitting pole 14 of described loading head 11 belows respectively, forms interference fit.Having at least one at confined pressure chamber sidewall 13 supplies experimental solutions by carrying out the solution discharge orifice 17 of confined pressure chamber 1.
Below confined pressure chamber 1, be provided with force-transmitting pole 14, as the support of rock sample 3, force-transmitting pole 14 inside are provided with a pipeline I16 simultaneously, for by infiltrating the experimental solutions of test specimen 3 inside, export to outside, derive the amount of solution by observation, by calculating the seepage parameters that can obtain rock sample 3.
When whole device is under work use state, the space 10 in confined pressure chamber 1, through the through hole of described sealing upper cover 12, is goed deep in the lower end of described loading head 11.Meanwhile, the space 10 in confined pressure chamber 1, through the through hole of described sealing lower cover 15, is also goed deep in the upper end of described force-transmitting pole 14.
Now, sealing upper cover 12, confined pressure chamber sidewall 13 and sealing upper cover 12 also comprise with sealing upper cover 12 and sealing upper cover 12 respectively the loading head 11 of interference fit form the space 10(of an approximate sealing due to the storage of solution discharge orifice 17 together with force-transmitting pole 14, therefore be approximate sealing).
Test specimen 3 bears the axle pressure that loading head 11 applies and is fixed between described loading head 11 and force-transmitting pole 14.Now, one end that described test specimen 3 contacts with described loading head 11 is sealed owing to fitting tightly and sealing with loading head 11, and the pipeline of times 3 inside is communicated with outside graduated cylinder 5 by the pipeline I16 of described force-transmitting pole 14.
Experimental solutions enters exterior line I40 by 15 pressurizations of outside confined pressure pump, enters space 10 through described solution discharge orifice 17, forms confined pressure, enters test specimen 3 inside through radially connecting crack 31, finally flows into graduated cylinder 5.
In order to record the axial displacement of rock sample 3, as an embodiment preferably, described loading head 11 is connected with the displacement transducer 18 of perception test specimen 3 axial displacements.
Consider, the time of experiment is conventionally long, and due to the existence of time seepage flow, need to be inner continual to confined pressure chamber 1, the experimental solutions of real-time adjusting, pretending is a preferably embodiment, described exterior line I40 is provided with and controls experimental solutions confined pressure, for confined pressure chamber 1 provides the voltage stabilizing static servo valve 7 of confined pressure steady in a long-term, as shown in Figure 9: P1 is test design pressure (computing machine or manually regulation and control); P2 is awp (adjustable value being determined by P1); P is pump outlet pressure; F1 is the area of the large end of piston; F2 is the area of piston small end; P1 × F1=N1, P2 × F2=N2.In the time of N1=N2, in equilibrium position, be static voltage stabilizing state, in the time of N1>N2, when (working pressure is lower than set pressure), push rod moves down, and P enters A chamber, P2 pressure rise, and in the time reaching N1=N2, this process is dynamic voltage stabilizing process.The design pressure P1 of osmotic pressure voltage stabilizing control is the atmospheric pressure value adding in advance, as long as this air pressure remains unchanged, awp P2 size remains unchanged.
In order further to strengthen the sealing of confined pressure chamber 1, as an embodiment preferably, the top and bottom of described annular confined pressure chamber sidewall 13 have respectively to inner extend interior along 131 in confined pressure chamber 13, in described two, there is respectively through hole I132 and the through hole II133 consistent with the through hole internal diameter size of described sealing upper cover 12 and sealing lower cover 15 along 131, so that pass through with loading head and force-transmitting pole, form interference fit simultaneously, strengthen sealing.
Described loading head 11 is with the binding site of test specimen 3 in described through hole I132, and the binding site of described force-transmitting pole 14 and test specimen 3 is in described through hole II133.
In order further to increase sealing, the upper base of described through hole I132 and through hole II133 is processed into respectively counterbore with going to the bottom, and is fixed with O-ring seal 19 in described counterbore.
As an embodiment preferably, be also provided with the loading frame 8 that is positioned at device external, described loading frame 8 has top board 81 and base plate 82; The lower surface of top board 81 contacts with described stable-pressure device 21; Described base plate 82 supports described experimental provision by device pedestal 9.
Consider, under actual tests environment, can need to test multiple rock samples simultaneously, in loading frame 8 inside, multiple test units are set therefore this device allows to use.As shown in Figure 2.
As shown in figure 10: a kind of MHC seepage coupling experimental technique of annular crack rock sample, has following steps:
S100. rock is processed into columniform test specimen with holes, on described test specimen, processes at least one perforation crack radially.As an embodiment preferably, first will in columniform rock sample, process an axial through hole, then use staight scissors method to process many perforation cracks radially.
S200. test specimen is placed between loading head and force-transmitting pole, test specimen internal duct is communicated with force-transmitting pole internal duct I.In practical operation, the size of the axial pipeline of rock sample inside is less than or equals to pass the pipeline of column inside, when test specimen is installed, the pipeline of rock sample is aimed to the pipeline (as much as possible by coaxial two described pipelines) that passes column inside, to ensure that connecting by rock sample the liquid infiltrating in test specimen internal duct in crack can flow in the pipeline that passes column inside completely.
S300. open described confined pressure pump, test specimen is applied to confined pressure fluid pressure.The liquid that experiment adopts can, according to requirement of experiment, such as rock sample groundwater condition locality, adopt corrosive solution, corresponding, and the pump and the valve that in pipeline and device, adopt also need to adopt resistant material.
S400. open loading head, test specimen is carried out to the loading of axle pressure; By power sensor control load.According to time effect requirement, keep the load regular hour, experimental session keeps constant load within this time period by stable-pressure devices such as air bags.
S500. according to the displacement of the test specimen of the record of the flow of fixed interval record infiltration test specimen internal liquid, recorded bit displacement sensor; Until the time meets the requirements.
S600. experiment finishes.
Adjust test parameters when needs, re-starting test is also to have step
S550. whether judgment experiment finishes, if do not finish, changes confined pressure hydraulic pressure, returns to step S300; If finish, carry out step S600.
The above; it is only preferably embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any be familiar with those skilled in the art the present invention disclose technical scope in; be equal to replacement or changed according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. the MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of an annular crack rock sample, this annular crack rock sample has: columned test specimen main body (3), this test specimen main body (3) has an axially extending bore, the center superposition of the center of this through hole and described test specimen main body (3); The sidewall of test specimen has one and radially connects crack (31); The aperture of described through hole is 1/5th of test specimen main body (3) external diameter, it is characterized in that, the MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of this annular crack rock sample has:
Be positioned at experimental provision top, the pressure stabilizing mechanism (2) of experimental pressure be provided,
Be positioned at pressure stabilizing mechanism (2) below, the loading head (11) of transmission of pressure,
Be positioned at loading head (11) below, the confined pressure chamber (1) of liquid confined pressure and test specimen axle pressure experimental situation is provided, this confined pressure chamber (1) has the annular confined pressure chamber sidewall (13) of vertical setting, the above and below of confined pressure chamber sidewall (13) is respectively equipped with sealing upper cover (12) and sealing lower cover (15), described sealing upper cover (12) and sealing lower cover (13) have respectively a through hole, and described two through hole is coaxial; Described confined pressure chamber sidewall (13) has at least one solution discharge orifice (17);
Be positioned at the force-transmitting pole (14) of below, confined pressure chamber (1); The inside of this force-transmitting pole (14) has pipeline I (16);
Under work use state, the through hole of described sealing upper cover (12) is passed in the lower end of described loading head (11): the through hole of institute's primary seal lower cover (15) is passed in the upper end of described force-transmitting pole (14): sealing upper cover (12), confined pressure chamber sidewall (13), sealing lower cover (15), loading head (11) and force-transmitting pole (14) form one and be similar to the space (10) of sealing, test specimen (3) bears the axle pressure that loading head (11) applies and is fixed between described loading head (11) and force-transmitting pole (14): one end sealing that described test specimen main body (3) contacts with described loading head (11), its internal duct is communicated with outside graduated cylinder (5) by the pipeline I (16) of described force-transmitting pole (14): experimental solutions enters exterior line I (40) by outside confined pressure pump (15) pressurization, enter space (10) through described solution discharge orifice (17), form confined pressure, enter test specimen (3) inside through radially connecting crack (31), the final graduated cylinder (5) that flows into.
2. the MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of a kind of annular crack rock sample according to claim 1, is further characterized in that: described loading head (11) is connected with the displacement transducer (18) of perception test specimen (3) axial displacement.
3. the MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of a kind of annular crack rock sample according to claim 1, be further characterized in that: described exterior line I (40) is provided with and controls experimental solutions confined pressure, for confined pressure chamber (1) provides the voltage stabilizing static servo valve (7) of confined pressure steady in a long-term.
4. according to the MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of a kind of annular crack rock sample described in above-mentioned any one claim, be further characterized in that: the top and bottom of described annular confined pressure chamber sidewall (13) have respectively to confined pressure chamber (13) inner interior edge (131) of extending have respectively with described sealing upper cover (12) and seal the through hole internal diameter size of lower cover (15) consistent through hole I (132) and through hole II (133) along (131) in described two; Described loading head (11) is with the binding site of test specimen (3) in described through hole I (132), and the binding site of described force-transmitting pole (14) and test specimen (3) is in described through hole II (133); Described loading head (11), test specimen (3) and force-transmitting pole (14) and described through hole I (132) and through hole II (133) interference fit.
5. the MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of a kind of annular crack rock sample according to claim 4, is further characterized in that:
The upper base of described through hole I (132) and through hole II (133) is processed into counterbore with going to the bottom, and is fixed with O-ring seal (19) in described counterbore.
6. the MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of a kind of annular crack rock sample according to claim 1, it is characterized in that also having: be positioned at the loading frame (8) of device external, described loading frame (8) has top board (81) and base plate (82); The lower surface of top board (81) contacts with stable-pressure device (21); Described base plate (82) supports described experimental provision by device pedestal (9).
7. a using method for the MHC seepage coupling experimental provision of a kind of annular crack rock sample as claimed in claim 1, has following steps:
S100. rock is processed into the columniform test specimen with center axially extending bore, on described test specimen, processes at least one perforation crack radially;
S200. test specimen is placed between loading head and force-transmitting pole, test specimen internal duct is communicated with force-transmitting pole internal duct I;
S300. open described confined pressure pump, test specimen is applied to confined pressure fluid pressure;
S400. open loading head, test specimen is axially loaded; By power sensor control load, according to time effect requirement, keep the load regular hour, within this time period, keep constant load by described stable-pressure device;
S500. according to the displacement of the test specimen of the record of the flow of fixed interval record infiltration test specimen internal liquid, recorded bit displacement sensor; Until reach the requirement of experiment time.
S600. experiment finishes.
8. the MHC seepage coupling experimental technique of a kind of annular crack rock sample according to claim 7, also has step
S550. whether judgment experiment finishes, if do not finish, changes confined pressure hydraulic pressure or changes shaft pressuring load, returns to step S300; If finish, carry out step S600.
9. the MHC seepage coupling experimental technique of a kind of annular crack rock sample according to claim 8, is further characterized in that: in described step S100, adopt staight scissors method processing rock sample.
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