Summary of the invention
The present invention combines the advantage of above-mentioned technique and has overcome its shortcoming, provides a kind of extraction process simple and easy to do, saves the energy and raw material, and cost is low, and environmental pollution is few, the preparation method of the amino-acid liquid fertilizer that amino acid composition content is high.The method is taking the animal proteinum discarded (hair, send out, skin or angle etc.) as raw material, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulphuric acid soln with appropriate mass percentage concentration add in animal proteinum than successively by approrpiate wts, after animal proteinum hydrolysis, add cheap alkaline matter (ammoniacal liquor, lime and magnesium oxide) to neutralize, thereby obtain amino-acid liquid fertilizer.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The method of polyacid hydrolyzed animal protein Preparation of amino acid liquid fertilizer, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
(1) animal proteinum pre-treatment: animal proteinum is made to animal albumen powder after cleaning, be dried, pulverize;
(2) acidolysis: hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid are added in reactor and mixed with the animal albumen powder in step (1) according to the weight ratio of 3.5 ~ 8:3.5 ~ 1:3.5 ~ 1, the mass ratio of the total mass of animal albumen powder and sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is 1:1.6 ~ 2, reaction conditions be under normal pressure in 100 ~ 120 DEG C of acidolysis 6 ~ 8h, obtain acid hydrolysis solution;
The mass percent concentration of described sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is respectively 20 ~ 40%, 15 ~ 25% and 30 ~ 45%;
The addition sequence of described sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is followed successively by hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid;
(3) alkali neutralization: the acid hydrolysis solution in step (2) is cooled to 70 ~ 85 DEG C, adds successively 15 ~ 25% ammoniacal liquor, lime and magnesium oxide to neutralize in reactor, being adjusted to pH is 3.0 ~ 6.0, at 70 ~ 90 DEG C of chelating 2 ~ 4h, obtains the acid hydrolysis solution after neutralization;
(4) by the acid hydrolysis solution after neutralization described in step (3) after filtration, concentrated can obtain amino-acid liquid fertilizer.
In preferred version, hair that described in step (1), animal proteinum is animal, send out, skin or angle;
In preferred version, described in step (2), the mass ratio of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid is 8: 1: 1;
In preferred version, described in step (2), the mass ratio of the total mass of animal albumen powder and sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid is 1:2;
In preferred version, described in step (2), the mass percent concentration of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid is respectively 20%, 25%, 30%;
In preferred version, the add-on of ammoniacal liquor described in step (3) is according to ammoniacal liquor quality: hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid total mass=10 ~ 25:100;
In preferred version, the add-on of lime described in step (3) is according to lime quality: hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid total mass=1 ~ 4:100;
In preferred version, magnesian add-on described in step (3) is according to magnesium oxide quality: hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid total mass=2 ~ 6:100.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1. to select discarded animal proteinum be raw material in the present invention, not only can reduce the discharge of the waste of contaminate environment, and can reduce the production cost of amino-acid liquid fertilizer.
2. the present invention is with in polyacid (hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid) hydrolyzed animal protein, improved on the one hand the hydrolysis efficiency of animal proteinum, after hydrolysis, in acid hydrolysis solution, contained N(amino acid, ammoniacal liquor on the other hand), P(phosphoric acid hydrolysis), disulfide linkage hydrolysis in S(protein) etc. nutritive ingredient.
3. the hydrochloric acid of the present invention by exploration discovery 25%, 20% sulfuric acid and 30% phosphoric acid are the optimum concns of hydrolyzed animal protein.25% hydrochloric acid, 20% sulfuric acid and 30% phosphoric acid join respectively after animal proteinum according to the mass ratio of 8:1:1, can ensure that the boiling point of mixing solutions is between 100 ~ 120 DEG C, are conducive to animal proteinum and are hydrolyzed fully thoroughly, and aminoacids content is higher.
4. in the discovery polyacid hydrolyzed animal protein of the invention, the addition sequence of polyacid is followed successively by hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, such addition sequence is except experiment safety is considered, also have two reasons: (1) hydrochloric acid is volatile acid, if directly add sulfuric acid, due to the heat release of sulfuric acid, can cause the volatilization in hydrochloric acid adition process, be unfavorable for the hydrolysis of animal proteinum, also may work the mischief, so first add hydrochloric acid.Shock absorption can be played with phosphoric acid in centre, then adds sulfuric acid, has alleviated the volatilization of hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid and amino acid have good mating reaction simultaneously, can reduce amino acid whose further hydrolysis, reduce nitrogen loss.(2) sulfuric acid has strong hydrolysis exothermic effects, and sulfuric acid finally adds, and is conducive to improve temperature of reaction, increases heat of reaction, can reduce like this energy consumption in next step heat-processed, makes the more environmental protection and energy saving of whole production technique.
5. the present invention, after animal proteinum hydrolysis, adds ammoniacal liquor, lime and magnesium oxide to carry out neutralization reaction in acid hydrolysis solution.On the one hand, ammoniacal liquor, lime and magnesium oxide are cheap alkaline matters, have reduced production cost; On the other hand, ammonium nitrogen (amino acid hydrolysis, ammoniacal liquor), phosphate radical (phosphoric acid hydrolysis), calcium and magnesium after hydrolysis are the essential nutrients of plant-growth, and these nutrients processes and various chelating amino acids, be conducive to the absorption of plant.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment and comparative example, the present invention is described in further detail, the test method using in following embodiment if no special instructions, is ordinary method; The material, the reagent etc. that use if no special instructions, are reagent and the material that can obtain from commercial channels.
Embodiment 1
The concrete steps of the present embodiment are shown in Fig. 1.
(1) pre-treatment of animal proteinum: cleared up after plastics, wooden unit and the metal impurities in discarded pig hair, under the sun, be exposed to the sun 2 days, then be dried 6 hours with drying drum blower fan in 60 DEG C, dried pig hair is prepared into pig hair meal through hair pulverizer, can be used as the raw materials of amino-acid liquid fertilizer
(2) acidolysis: be that 25% hydrochloric acid, 30% phosphoric acid and 20% sulfuric acid add successively in reactor and mix with the pig hair meal in step (1) according to mass ratio by the content of each component of specifying in following table 1 by mass percent concentration, the mass ratio of the total mass of pig hair meal and hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid is 1:2; Be heated to 80 DEG C, after 2h, temperature controls to 110 DEG C, and the acidolysis time is 7h, obtains acid hydrolysis solution
(3) neutralization: after acidolysis is complete, add successively 25% ammoniacal liquor, lime, magnesium oxide to neutralize in reactor, the add-on of ammoniacal liquor is according to ammoniacal liquor quality: hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid total mass=10:100; The add-on of lime is according to lime quality: hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid total mass=1:100; Magnesium oxide add-on is according to magnesium oxide quality: hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid total mass=2:100; PH value is transferred to 4, and in 75 DEG C of chelatings, the chelating time is 3h;
(4) filter: after the acidolysis solution left standstill 6h after neutralization, after cooling, filter with belt filter press, filter residue water cleans 1 time, obtains the amino acid solution after filtering.
(5) concentrated: the amino acid solution after filtering is concentrated with high-efficiency concentrator, temperature is controlled at 60 DEG C, and concentrated 2 hours, concentrated ratio was 1:2.Obtain amino-acid liquid fertilizer as shown in VII in Fig. 2.
Embodiment 2
The method that repeats embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in VIII in Fig. 2.
Embodiment 3
The method that repeats embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in IX in Fig. 2.
Embodiment 4
The method that repeats embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in X in Fig. 2.
Embodiment 5
The method that repeats embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in XI in Fig. 2.
Embodiment 6
Repeat the method for embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, still replace pig hair as material with hair, the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in XII in Fig. 2.
Comparative example 1
Repeat the method for embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, but be only hydrolyzed pig hair with a kind of sour (hydrochloric acid), neutralize with two kinds of neutralizing agents (ammoniacal liquor and lime), the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in I in Fig. 2.
Comparative example 2
Repeat the method for embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, but be only hydrolyzed pig hair with a kind of sour (sulfuric acid), neutralize with two kinds of neutralizing agents (ammoniacal liquor and lime), the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in II in Fig. 2.
Comparative example 3
Repeat the method for embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, but be only hydrolyzed pig hair with a kind of sour (phosphoric acid), neutralize with two kinds of neutralizing agents (ammoniacal liquor and lime), the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in III in Fig. 2.
Comparative example 4
Repeat the method for embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, but be only hydrolyzed pig hair with two kinds of acid (sulfuric acid+hydrochloric acid), neutralize with two kinds of neutralizing agents (ammoniacal liquor and lime), the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in IV in Fig. 2.
Comparative example 5
Repeat the method for embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, but be only hydrolyzed pig hair with two kinds of acid (hydrochloric acid+phosphoric acid), neutralize with two kinds of neutralizing agents (ammoniacal liquor and lime), the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in V in Fig. 2.
Comparative example 6
Repeat the method for embodiment 1 by each component concentration of specifying in following table 1, but be only hydrolyzed pig hair with two kinds of acid (sulfuric acid+phosphoric acid), neutralize with two kinds of neutralizing agents (ammoniacal liquor and lime), the amino-acid liquid fertilizer obtaining is as shown in VI in Fig. 2.
Table 1 amino-acid liquid fertilizer formula embodiment (unit: kilogram)
Discarded pig hair and appurtenant thereof that in embodiment, pig hair source family used or the large-scale slaughterhouse of raising pigs provide, hair derives from the discarded hair that barber shop or each hairdressing place provide, pig hair or hair are after cleaning, and under the sun, being exposed to the sun can be for the preparation of amino acid starting material after dry.
Described input amount is animal proteinum and three kinds of acid solutions, and three kinds of acid solutions are respectively 20% sulfuric acid, 25% hydrochloric acid and 30% phosphoric acid.20% sulfuric acid is that industrial sulphuric acid obtains 20% sulfuric acid by suitable proportion dilution; 25% hydrochloric acid is 25% hydrochloric acid that technical hydrochloric acid obtains by suitable dilution proportion; 30% phosphoric acid is that industrial phosphoric acid obtains 30% phosphoric acid by suitable proportion dilution.
Described neutralizing agent is three kinds of alkaline matters, is respectively ammoniacal liquor, lime and magnesium oxide.Ammoniacal liquor, lime and magnesium oxide are all industrial rank.
Measure the nutrient composition (N: full-automatic azotometer, 2300, Sweden of the prepared amino-acid liquid fertilizer of comparative example 1 ~ 6 and embodiment 1 ~ 6; P
2o
5: the yellow colorimetry of vanadium molybdenum, UV-1700, China; Ca, Mg: atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Z-5700, Japan; Total amino acid content: ninhydrin colorimetry, UV-1700, China), heavy metal content (Cd, Pb: atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Z-5700, Japan), amino acid kind, quantity (automatic analyzer for amino acids, L-8800, Japan; Fig. 3 is standard amino acid collection of illustrative plates; Fig. 4 is sulphuric acid hydrolysis formula amino acid collection of illustrative plates; Fig. 5 is sulfuric acid+phosphoric acid hydrolysis formula amino acid collection of illustrative plates; Fig. 6 is sulfuric acid+phosphoric acid+hydrochloric acid hydrolysis formula amino acid collection of illustrative plates) and cost budgeting, result is respectively in table 2,3,4.
Nutrient composition and the heavy metal content of table 2 formulation Example amino-acid liquid fertilizer
As can be seen from Table 2, N rich content in 12 seed amino acid formula liquid fertilizers, average range is 13 ~ 29%; Total amino acid content average range is in 20% left and right; There is P in the amino acid formula liquid fertilizer of phosphoric acid hydrolysis
2o
5content average range is 2 ~ 7%; With Ca, Mg content in the amino acid formula liquid fertilizer of lime and magnesium oxide processing all in 1% left and right; Cd≤0.002%, Pb≤0.01% in country's specified value (GB/T 17419.1998), as seen from the table, all formula liquid fertilizer heavy metal cadmiums and lead are all well below national specified value.
Amino acid kind in table 3 different ingredients amino-acid liquid fertilizer and content (%)
As can be seen from Table 3, amino acid A wide selection of colours and designs (17 kinds) in 12 kinds of formula liquid fertilizers.Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 represent respectively standard amino acid collection of illustrative plates, a kind of acid (sulfuric acid) hydrolysis formula amino acid collection of illustrative plates, two kinds of acid (sulfuric acid+phosphoric acid) hydrolysis formula amino acid collection of illustrative plates, three kinds of acid (sulfuric acid+phosphoric acid+hydrochloric acid) hydrolysis formula amino acid collection of illustrative plates.Known from table 3 and Fig. 3,4,5,6, various types of aminoacids content is all more than 0.1%.Different hydrolyzed solutions is processed different, and in amino-acid liquid fertilizer, 17 seed amino acid quantity there are differences.Wherein, aspartic acid Asp, Serine Ser, L-glutamic acid Glu, glycine Gly, L-Ala Ala, arginine Arg equal size are higher, greatly about 1 ~ 3%.
The cost budgeting (by 1 ton) of table 4 different ingredients amino-acid liquid fertilizer
Note: hydrochloric acid: note: hydrochloric acid: 100 yuan/ton; Sulfuric acid: 400 yuan/ton; Phosphoric acid: 4300 yuan/ton; Ammoniacal liquor: 750 yuan/ton; Calcium oxide: 600 yuan/ton; 500 yuan/ton, magnesium oxide.
Table 4 is 12 seed amino acid Recipe cost budgetings, raw material, hydrolyzed solution, neutralizing agent and charges for water and electricity etc. are calculated by market raw materials cost, except causing total cost because phosphoric acid cost is high, formula I II reaches 4360 yuan, other each amino acid formula cost is probably 1000 ~ 3000 yuan of left and right, and according to 30% amino-acid liquid fertilizer city price on the market 5000 ~ 10000 yuan of scopes, therefore, the amino acid cost of this explained hereafter is well below the price of ammino acid liquid fertilizer on the market, and, the amino-acid liquid fertilizer nutrient content of this explained hereafter is far above like product on the market, amino-acid liquid fertilizer prepared by this technique can extensively be promoted.
Application Example 1.
Pot experiment: amino-acid liquid fertilizer prepared by the present invention, for spraying the blue or green Plantula Brassicae chinensis in Shanghai, is tested as follows: this is tested in July, 2012 to September and carries out in solarium of Zi Huan institute, Wushan South China Agricultural University ,Guangzhou City ,Guangdong Province.Utilize 12 formula amino-acid liquid fertilizer taking pig hair or hair as solid-state animal proteinum raw material invention and on the market 30% amino-acid liquid fertilizer the blue or green Plantula Brassicae chinensis in Shanghai is carried out to potted plant manure trial, every basin is planted 3 strains, every group is repeated (see figure 7)s 3 times.Within latter 30 days, measure the blue or green Quality of Chinese Cabbage (soluble proteins: Xylene Brilliant Cyanine G colorimetry in Shanghai in plantation; Vc:2,6-dichloroindophenol volumetry; Soluble sugar: anthrone colorimetry; NO
3 -: Whitfield's ointment nitrofication process), physical signs (POD: guaiacol colorimetric method; MDA: thiobarbituricacidα-colorimetry) and output etc., the results are shown in Table 5 and table 6:
The impact of table 5 different ingredients amino-acid liquid fertilizer on the blue or green Quality of Chinese Cabbage in Shanghai and physical signs
As can be seen from Table 5, compared with the control, the blue or green Plantula Brassicae chinensis soluble proteins in the Shanghai of 12 seed amino acids formulas liquid fertilizer processing, Vc content, soluble sugar and POD content have increased respectively 8 ~ 42%, 16 ~ 52%, 34 ~ 415% and 20 ~ 77%, NO
3 -decline respectively 16 ~ 57% and 2 ~ 19% with MDA content, shown, used the enhancing that amino-acid liquid fertilizer is conducive to the blue or green quality in Shanghai and anti-ageing ability.
Table 6 different ingredients amino-acid liquid fertilizer is on the blue or green output of Plantula Brassicae chinensis in Shanghai and the impact of economic benefit
Note: economic benefit is calculated by every mu of blue or green Plantula Brassicae chinensis in 40000 strain Shanghai.5 yuan of/kilogram of calculating of local market valency.
As can be seen from Table 6, compared with the control, the blue or green Plantula Brassicae chinensis number of blade in Shanghai, chlorophyll content, biomass, output and the productivity ratio of 12 seed amino acid formula liquid fertilizer processing have increased respectively 0 ~ 27%, 3 ~ 13%, 38 ~ 92%, 46 ~ 160% and 18 ~ 43%, and economic benefit has increased by 46 ~ 160%.