CN103044161B - Method for preparing organic fertilizer from plant charcoal and wood vinegar - Google Patents
Method for preparing organic fertilizer from plant charcoal and wood vinegar Download PDFInfo
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- CN103044161B CN103044161B CN201210561000.XA CN201210561000A CN103044161B CN 103044161 B CN103044161 B CN 103044161B CN 201210561000 A CN201210561000 A CN 201210561000A CN 103044161 B CN103044161 B CN 103044161B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilizer preparing method, in particular to a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from plant charcoal and wood vinegar. The organic fertilizer is prepared through the following steps: preparation of the plant charcoal; wood vinegar treatment: first carrying out vacuum concentration on the wood vinegar to 50-65% of the original volume under the pressure of 0.01 to 0.03 MPa, and then removing tar for reserving; primary raw material matching: weighing, in parts by weight, 40-60 parts of the plant charcoal, 15-25 parts of the obtained wood vinegar and 20-30 parts of crystallization mother liquor containing 10-20% of abamectin, and stirring evenly; vacuum pressure treatment: filling the raw materials in a vacuum pressure tank for vacuum pumping to enable the vacuum degree to range from -0.015MPa to -0.025MPa, then preparing and adding 3-10 parts by weight of the rystallization mother liquor containing 10-20% of abamectin into the tank, increasing the pressure to 0.1MPa to 0.8MPa, and processing for 15-30min; and extruding granulation. The organic fertilizer which is made of the plant charcoal and the wood vinegar and is provided with increased sum of the total nutrients and the organic matter mass fraction can be prepared through the method.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of production method of fertilizer, relate in particular to the production method that a kind of plant charcoal and wooden vinegar are made fertilizer.
Background technology
Using wooden vinegar organic fertilizer is one of the use that reduces chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, the effective ways that improve food safety.
Organic nutrient in abamectin organic fertilizer material is higher, and crude protein, amino acid, organic equal size are all very high.Avrmectin is a kind of antibiotics insecticidal/acaricidal agent of efficient, wide spectrum.Macrolide disaccharide compounds.Be natural product separated from soil microorganisms, mite class and insect had to stomach toxicity and action of contace poison, and have faint fumigation action.Disturb the nervous physiology of insect movable, predatism and parasite are had to direct killing effect, but because plant surface is residual few, therefore little to the damage of beneficial insect.Obvious to root nematode effect.
In crystalline mother solution, remain homologue A1, A2, the B2 component of Avrmectin (B1) and Avrmectin, in mother liquor, also contain the lipid acid of 8～18 carbon and the Ester forming with glycerine thereof, in the mother liquor of above component after purifying solvent, shared per-cent consists of: B1 component accounts for 5% left and right; B2+A2+A1 accounts for 40% left and right; Ester class impurity accounts for 50% left and right.B1 component is to be widely used in animal and plant present stage with pest control and parasitic component, and A1, A2, B2 component have insecticidal activity equally, is the component that awaits exploitation.Wherein B2a component is a kind of one of component that below nematode activity is higher that kills.Yet the method that further adopts crystallization from mother liquor is separated wherein residual active constituent directly, is almost impossible, this is because existence and the A component of a large amount of ester class impurity are difficult for due to crystallization.
China started to produce Avrmectin annual production so far and has reached 2000 tons of left and right from 1993, but the Avrmectin (accounting for the per-cent of total amount) that remains 15% left and right in crystalline mother solution is not out abandoned due to extraction or crime of illegal selling or presenting cultural relics of private collection, still there are avermectin B2a, A2a, A1a isoreactivity composition all to remain in mother liquor and rationally do not applied, causing environmental pollution and the wasting of resources.
CN1308266C(2007-4-4) disclose a kind of amino acid organic fertilizer, preparation method and purposes, yet prior art there is not yet the report of being prepared by the crystalline mother solution of plant charcoal, wooden vinegar and Avrmectin to fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of plant charcoal of total nutrient and the raising of quality of organic matter mark sum and production method of the fertilizer that wooden vinegar is made of making.
Above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
Plant charcoal and wooden vinegar are made a production method for fertilizer, and it is prepared from by following steps:
(1) plant charcoal preparation: plant material is dry, the pre-charing of experience successively, charing, calcining and cooling in vertical moving-bed, control combustion is warming up to 700-750 ℃ or 900-1000 ℃ and is incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1000-1500 ℃ or 1600-1800 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, then the speed with 18-25 ℃/min is cooled to 300-400 ℃, cool to again room temperature with the furnace, obtain elementary charcoal, being then crushed to particle diameter is that 20-50 order obtains required plant charcoal;
(2) wood vinegar is processed: by wood vinegar, at pressure, be first under 0.01-0.03MPa, to be evaporated to the 50-65% of original volume, then remove tar standby;
(3) primary raw materials proportioning: take by weight the wooden vinegar of plant charcoal, 15-25 part step (2) gained of 40-60 part step (1) gained, crystalline mother solution, the animal excrement of 2-8 part, the 5-12 part calcium superphosphate that 20-30 part is contained 10-20% Avrmectin, stir;
(4) vacuum pressed is processed: pack step (3) gained raw material into vacuum pressed tank and vacuumize and make its vacuum tightness for-0.015MPa～-0.025MPa, and then the crystalline mother solution that preparation 3-10 weight part contains 10-20% Avrmectin adds in tank and pressure is added to 0.1MPa～0.8MPa, processing 15-30min;
(5) extruder grain.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1. wood vinegar itself has hypertonicity and bacteria resistance function, and can dissolve available phosphorus, by proportioning of the present invention and vacuum pressed method, make the crystalline mother solution performance permeable synergistic effect of wood vinegar, plant charcoal and Avrmectin, can impel active ingredient in Avrmectin crystalline mother solution to play a role, increase the pest effect of organic fertilizer of the present invention; Be convenient to store each component performance synergistic function that prevents from making when effect from reducing fertilizer; Promote the Promoting plant growth of the sterilization of soil;
2. solve prior art Avrmectin crystalline mother solution activeconstituents and be difficult to the problem of utilizing, promoted environmental safety demand;
3. by the combination treatment to plant charcoal, wooden vinegar and Avrmectin crystalline mother solution, reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, can be widely used in subtracting agricultural chemicals and without in agricultural chemicals cultivation;
4. the animal excrement in proportioning raw materials and calcium superphosphate can further improve total nutrient and the quality of organic matter mark sum in fertilizer;
5. by the advantage one of removing again tar after wood vinegar concentrating under reduced pressure, be to improve the clearance of tar; The 2nd, can improve the effect performance of wood vinegar in fertilizer.
As preferably, described step (1) plant material is corn cob, bamboo or pine tree.
More preferably, for corn cob or bamboo, control combustion is warming up to 700-750 ℃ and be incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1000-1500 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, then the speed with 20-23 ℃/min is cooled to 330-380 ℃, cool to again room temperature with the furnace, obtain elementary charcoal.
More preferably, for pine tree, control combustion is warming up to 900-1000 ℃ and be incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1600-1800 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, then the speed with 20-23 ℃/min is cooled to 330-380 ℃, cool to again room temperature with the furnace, obtain elementary charcoal.
More preferably, to be broken to particle diameter be 30-40 order to described elementary powdered carbon.
As preferably, described step (2) is at pressure, to be first under 0.02-0.025MPa, to be evaporated to the 55-60% of original volume by condensation gained wood vinegar, then gained wood vinegar is removed to tar standby.
As preferably, described step (3) takes the crystalline mother solution that plant charcoal, 18-20 part step (2) gained wood vinegar, 23-28 part of 45-50 part step (1) gained are contained 12-15% Avrmectin by weight, stirs.
As preferably, it is to pack step (3) gained raw material into vacuum pressed tank to vacuumize and make its vacuum tightness for-0.015MPa～-0.025MPa that described step (4) vacuum pressed is processed, and then the crystalline mother solution that 5-8 weight part is contained to 12-15% Avrmectin adds in tank and by pressure and add to 0.3MPa～0.5MPa, process 20-25min.
As preferably, described step (5) extruder grain is that the material after step (4) vacuum pressed is processed makes with extrusion machine or hydropress the organic fertilizer particles that diameter is 0.1-0.3mm.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the temperature controlling system schematic diagram of the vertical moving-bed of plant charcoal charing of the present invention;
In figure, A-drying zone; The pre-char zone of B-; C-char zone; D-calcining zone; E-cooling zone; F-is with the temperature sensing device of CPU; D1/d2/d3-oxidizer entrance hole; T1/t2/t3-point for measuring temperature.
Embodiment
Embodiment mono-
The plant material that the present embodiment adopts is corn cob.
Plant material is sent in microwave vacuum tank, be evacuated to vacuum tightness for-0.02MPa, then carry out microwave treatment, microwave frequency is 300MHz, and microwave treatment time is 1min, plant material through pre-treatment gained is experienced dry successively, pre-charing, charing, calcining and cooling, the temperature of each point for measuring temperature, drying zone A is 150 ℃, pre-char zone B is 275 ℃, char zone C is 450 ℃, during intensification, observe the temperature of the district of D shown in Fig. 1 combustion zone different positions, when somewhere, combustion zone is as too low in the temperature of d2, open the aperture at this place, importing air locally burns, this place's temperature is raise, control the combustion zone temperature experiencing in bamboo folding process, control combustion is warming up to 700 ℃ and be incubated 40min with the speed of 5 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1600 ℃ and be incubated 2h with the speed of 5 ℃/min,
Then the speed with 23-25 ℃/min is cooled to 380-400 ℃, then cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains elementary charcoal, is then crushed to 20-50 order and obtains required plant charcoal; Then wood vinegar is processed,
By wood vinegar, at pressure, be first under 0.01-0.02MPa, to be evaporated to the 50-55% of original volume, then remove tar standby;
Then carry out primary raw materials proportioning: the plant charcoal, 15-18 part that takes by weight 40-45 part gained removed crystalline mother solution, the animal excrement of 2-5 part, the 5-8 part calcium superphosphate that gained wood vinegar after tar, 20-23 part contain 10-12% Avrmectin, stirs; Then carry out vacuum pressed processing,
Vacuum pressed is processed: pack the raw material of the elementary proportioning of gained into vacuum pressed tank and vacuumize and make its vacuum tightness for-0.015MPa～-0.018MPa, and then the crystalline mother solution that preparation 3-5 weight part contains 10-12% Avrmectin adds in tank and pressure is added to 0.1MPa～0.2MPa, processing 15-18min;
Last extruder grain, makes with extrusion machine the organic fertilizer particles that diameter is 0.1-0.3mm, and products obtained therefrom is detected, and quality index is in Table 1.
?embodiment bis-
The plant material that the present embodiment adopts is bamboo chip (being about 40cm).
Plant material is sent in microwave vacuum tank, be evacuated to vacuum tightness for-0.001MPa, then carry out microwave treatment, microwave frequency is 950MHz, and microwave treatment time is 3min;
Plant material through pre-treatment gained is experienced dry successively, pre-charing, charing, calcining and cooling, the temperature of each point for measuring temperature, drying zone A is 150 ℃, pre-char zone B is 275 ℃, char zone C is 450 ℃, the pyrolysis gas that char zone produces is dried bamboo and reaches carbonization temperature in drying zone and bamboo adverse current or cross-flow from bottom to top, during intensification, observe the temperature of the district of D shown in Fig. 1 combustion zone different positions, when somewhere, combustion zone is as too low in the temperature of d2, open the aperture at this place, importing air locally burns, this place's temperature is raise, control the combustion zone temperature experiencing in bamboo folding process, control combustion is warming up to 750 ℃ and be incubated 80min with the speed of 15 ℃/min, and then heat up 1500 ℃ and be incubated 8h with the speed of 15 ℃/min,
Then the speed with 18-23 ℃/min is cooled to 300-330 ℃, then cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains elementary charcoal; Then be crushed to 20-50 order and obtain required plant charcoal;
Then wood vinegar being processed, is first under 0.025-0.03MPa, to be evaporated to the 55-65% of original volume at pressure by wood vinegar, then removes tar standby;
Then carry out primary raw materials proportioning: the plant charcoal, 20-25 part that takes by weight 55-60 part gained removed the wooden vinegar of gained after tar, crystalline mother solution, the animal excrement of 6-8 part, the 10-12 part calcium superphosphate that 26-30 part is contained 16-20% Avrmectin, stirs; Then carry out vacuum pressed processing,
Vacuum pressed is processed: pack the raw material of the elementary proportioning of gained into vacuum pressed tank and vacuumize and make its vacuum tightness for-0.02MPa～-0.025MPa, and then the crystalline mother solution that preparation 8-10 weight part contains 15-20% Avrmectin adds in tank and pressure is added to 0.6MPa～0.8MPa, processing 25-30min;
Last extruder grain, makes with hydropress the organic fertilizer particles that diameter is 0.1-0.3mm.
Embodiment tri-
The plant material that the present embodiment adopts is pine tree, ingresses after pine tree is removed to epidermis impurity, and length is controlled and is no more than 15cm.
Plant material is sent in microwave vacuum tank, and being evacuated to vacuum tightness is-0.01～-0.005MPa, then carries out microwave treatment, and microwave frequency is 550MHz, and microwave treatment time is 1.2-2min;
Plant material through pre-treatment gained is experienced dry successively, pre-charing, charing, calcining and cooling, the temperature of each point for measuring temperature, drying zone A is 180 ℃, pre-char zone B is 325 ℃, char zone C is 530 ℃, during intensification, observe the temperature of the district of D shown in Fig. 1 combustion zone different positions, when somewhere, combustion zone is as too low in the temperature of d2, open the aperture at this place, importing air locally burns, this place's temperature is raise, control the combustion zone temperature experiencing in bamboo folding process, control combustion is warming up to 900 ℃ and be incubated 50min with the speed of 10 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1600 ℃ and be incubated 5h with the speed of 10 ℃/min,
Then the speed with 20-23 ℃/min is cooled to 330-380 ℃, then cools to room temperature with the furnace, obtains elementary charcoal; Then be crushed to 30-40 order and obtain required plant charcoal;
Then wood vinegar being processed, is first under 0.02-0.025MPa, to be evaporated to the 55-60% of original volume at pressure by wood vinegar, then removes tar standby;
Then carry out primary raw materials proportioning: take by weight the wooden vinegar of plant charcoal, 18-20 part step (2) gained of 45-50 part step (1) gained, crystalline mother solution, the animal excrement of 5-7 part, the 8-10 part calcium superphosphate that 23-28 part is contained 12-15% Avrmectin, stir; Then carry out vacuum pressed processing,
Vacuum pressed is processed: pack the raw material of the elementary proportioning of gained into vacuum pressed tank and vacuumize and make its vacuum tightness for-0.015MPa～-0.025MPa, and then the crystalline mother solution that 5-8 weight part is contained to 12-15% Avrmectin adds in tank and by pressure and add to 0.3MPa～0.5MPa, process 20-25min;
Last extruder grain, makes with extrusion machine the organic fertilizer particles that diameter is 0.1-0.3mm.
Embodiment tetra-
With embodiment tri-, different is that the raw material using is beech; Control combustion is warming up to 1000 ℃ and be incubated 50min with the speed of 10 ℃/min, and then is warming up to 1800 ℃ and be incubated 5h with the speed of 10 ℃/min.
Comparative example one
With embodiment mono-, different is not carry out vacuum pressed processing.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention; it is not limitation of the present invention; those skilled in the art can make to the present embodiment the modification that there is no creative contribution as required after reading this specification sheets, but as long as within the scope of claim of the present invention, are all subject to the protection of patent law.
Each embodiment of table 1 and comparative example's product quality indicator
Claims (8)
1. plant charcoal and wooden vinegar are made a production method for fertilizer, it is characterized in that: it is prepared from by following steps:
(1) plant charcoal preparation: corn cob, bamboo or pine tree raw material be dry, the pre-charing of experience successively, charing, calcining and cooling in vertical moving-bed, control combustion is warming up to 700-750 ℃ or 900-1000 ℃ and is incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1000-1500 ℃ or 1600-1800 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, then the speed with 18-25 ℃/min is cooled to 300-400 ℃, cool to again room temperature with the furnace, obtain elementary charcoal, being then crushed to particle diameter is that 20-50 order obtains required plant charcoal;
(2) wood vinegar is processed: by wood vinegar, at pressure, be first under 0.01-0.03MPa, to be evaporated to the 50-65% of original volume, then remove tar standby;
(3) primary raw materials proportioning: take by weight the wooden vinegar of plant charcoal, 15-25 part step (2) gained of 40-60 part step (1) gained, crystalline mother solution, the animal excrement of 2-8 part, the 5-12 part calcium superphosphate that 20-30 part is contained 10-20% Avrmectin, stir;
(4) vacuum pressed is processed: pack step (3) gained raw material into vacuum pressed tank and vacuumize and make its vacuum tightness for-0.015MPa～-0.025Mpa, and then the crystalline mother solution that preparation 3-10 weight part contains 10-20% Avrmectin adds in tank and pressure is added to 0.1MPa～0.8Mpa, processing 15-30min;
(5) extruder grain.
2. a kind of plant charcoal according to claim 1 and wooden vinegar are made the production method of fertilizer, it is characterized in that: for corn cob or bamboo, control combustion is warming up to 700-750 ℃ and be incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1000-1500 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, then the speed with 20-23 ℃/min is cooled to 330-380 ℃, cool to again room temperature with the furnace, obtain elementary charcoal.
3. a kind of plant charcoal according to claim 1 and wooden vinegar are made the production method of fertilizer, it is characterized in that: for pine tree, control combustion is warming up to 900-1000 ℃ and be incubated 40-80min with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, and then be warming up to 1600-1800 ℃ and be incubated 2-8h with the speed of 5-15 ℃/min, then the speed with 20-23 ℃/min is cooled to 330-380 ℃, cool to again room temperature with the furnace, obtain elementary charcoal.
4. according to the production method of a kind of plant charcoal described in claim 2 or 3 and wooden vinegar making fertilizer, it is characterized in that: it is that 30-40 order obtains required plant charcoal that described elementary powdered carbon is broken to particle diameter.
5. a kind of plant charcoal according to claim 4 and wooden vinegar are made the production method of fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described step (2) is at pressure, to be first under 0.02-0.025MPa, to be evaporated to the 55-60% of original volume by condensation gained wood vinegar, then gained wood vinegar is removed to tar standby.
6. a kind of plant charcoal according to claim 5 and wooden vinegar are made the production method of fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described step (3) primary raw materials proportioning is the wooden vinegar of plant charcoal, 18-20 part step (2) gained that takes by weight 45-50 part step (1) gained, the crystalline mother solution that 23-28 part is contained 12-15% Avrmectin, stirs.
7. a kind of plant charcoal according to claim 6 and wooden vinegar are made the production method of fertilizer, it is characterized in that: it is to pack step (3) gained raw material into vacuum pressed tank to vacuumize and make its vacuum tightness for-0.015MPa～-0.025Mpa that described step (4) vacuum pressed is processed, and then the crystalline mother solution that 5-8 weight part is contained to 12-15% Avrmectin adds in tank and by pressure and add to 0.3MPa～0.5Mpa, process 20-25min.
8. a kind of plant charcoal according to claim 7 and wooden vinegar are made the production method of fertilizer, it is characterized in that: described step (5) extruder grain is that the material after step (4) vacuum pressed is processed makes with extrusion machine or hydropress the organic fertilizer particles that diameter is 0.1-0.3mm.
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| CN103232304B (en) * | 2013-05-04 | 2014-11-05 | 云南威鑫农业科技股份有限公司 | Special carbon-vinegar slow-release biological fertilizer for potatoes and preparation method thereof |
| CN103524203A (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-01-22 | 李茂� | Plant water-soluble liquid fertilizer carrier |
| CN103553730B (en) * | 2013-08-20 | 2015-08-19 | 上海交通大学 | Horticultural vegetable field soil organises modification method fast |
| CN103570472A (en) * | 2013-11-10 | 2014-02-12 | 湖州艺萌城市农业发展有限公司 | Leafy vegetable culture liquor in micro agriculture |
| CN103664388B (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2017-01-25 | 东北农业大学 | Charcoal-based organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104860739A (en) * | 2014-02-26 | 2015-08-26 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Biomass charcoal-based soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN104163741A (en) * | 2014-08-30 | 2014-11-26 | 河南益禾利科农业科技有限公司 | Ecological charcoal fertilizer for crops and preparation method thereof |
| CN104387200A (en) * | 2014-12-08 | 2015-03-04 | 临沂中磷生物科技有限公司 | Special compound microbial fertilizer of corns |
| CN105777453B (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2022-01-04 | 浙江大学 | Device for preparing biochar-based slow-release nitrogen fertilizer and application |
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| CN101434500B (en) * | 2008-11-28 | 2011-08-24 | 浙江林学院 | Fertilizer containing plant charcoals and preparation thereof |
| CN101757891B (en) * | 2010-01-13 | 2011-12-14 | 云南瑞升烟草技术（集团）有限公司 | Preparation method of natural plant carbonated material and application thereof to cigarette filter rod |
| CN101906001B (en) * | 2010-07-28 | 2014-04-02 | 深圳诺普信农化股份有限公司 | Medicinal fertilizer, application thereof and method for preparing particle medicinal fertilizer and powder medicinal fertilizer |
| KR20120019335A (en) * | 2010-08-25 | 2012-03-06 | 박효돈 | Uses re-chinese medicine the environmental organic qualitative fertilizer pellet manufacturing method which |
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