CN103029586B - 飞行器中的配电 - Google Patents

飞行器中的配电 Download PDF

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CN103029586B
CN103029586B CN201210314077.7A CN201210314077A CN103029586B CN 103029586 B CN103029586 B CN 103029586B CN 201210314077 A CN201210314077 A CN 201210314077A CN 103029586 B CN103029586 B CN 103029586B
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integrated switch
switch power
wire harness
power
power converter
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CN103029586A (zh
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A.席普利
A.怀尔
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GE Aviation Systems Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J4/00Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • H02M3/33523Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05FSYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/46Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
    • G05F1/62Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using bucking or boosting dc sources
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/06Two-wire systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33507Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of the output voltage or current, e.g. flyback converters
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64DEQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D2221/00Electric power distribution systems onboard aircraft
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/44The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/008Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/42Circuits or arrangements for compensating for or adjusting power factor in converters or inverters
    • H02M1/4208Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input
    • H02M1/4216Arrangements for improving power factor of AC input operating from a three-phase input voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33538Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type
    • H02M3/33546Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current
    • H02M3/33553Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only of the forward type with automatic control of the output voltage or current with galvanic isolation between input and output of both the power stage and the feedback loop
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)

Abstract

本发明名称为“飞行器中的配电”。本发明的一个方面提供一种用于飞行器的配电系统(100)。配电系统(100)包含连接到电源(120)的第一线束(150),通过第一线束(150)连接到电源(120)的至少一个集成的开关功率转换器(180、280、380),以及通过第二线束(160)连接到相应集成的开关功率转换器(180、280、380)的相应输出(362)的至少一个电负载(170)。通过使用根据本发明的多种实施例的一个或多个集成的开关功率转换器(180、280、380),可减轻在飞行器中配电所需的布线的总重量。

Description

飞行器中的配电
技术领域
一般来说,本发明涉及飞行器中的配电。更具体地说,本发明涉及用于在飞行器中提供改进的电力分配的系统和设备。
背景技术
用于飞行器的常规电力分配系统[1-5]可提供变压器-整流器单元(TRU)以将源自机载发电机(例如,飞行器辅助功率单元(APU))的较高电压AC输入转换成DC输出。这种TRU可位于带低电压高电流总线的APU附近,然后用于分配功率到飞行器机身周围的多种负载。另外,可提供多种常规束线保护设备[6-10],例如一个或多个固态功率控制器(SSPC),以通过防止过电压状况、提供电弧保护、雷击保护等,控制供给给多种负载的功率。
例如,三相230伏输入可由TRU转换成28伏DC输出,以便使用提供的低电压线缆连接将28伏DC分配到飞行器周围。但是,这种低电压线缆连接需要能够携带高电流(例如,700安培)而不会过热。这意味着所需线缆连接必须具有大导体绞线芯(conductor core)并因此会很重。此外,由于TRU通常位于发电机附近,因此可能必须有数千米的线缆连接才能分配低电压功率到整个飞行器。这必然意味着飞行器线束很重。
发明内容
因此,考虑了与已知飞行器配电系统关联的上述缺点而提出本发明。根据本发明的第一方面,提供一种用于飞行器的配电系统。该配电系统包含连接到电源的第一线束。至少一个集成的开关功率转换器通过第一线束连接到电源。另外,至少一个电负载通过第二线束连接到相应集成的开关功率转换器的相应输出。
根据本发明的又一方面,提供一种供飞行器使用的集成的开关功率转换器(ISPC)。集成的开关功率转换器包含电压转换电路(用于将第一电平的输入电压转换成第二电平的输出电压)以及输出连接(用于将输出电压连接到一个或多个负载)。ISPC中还包含固态功率控制器电路,用于调节由输出连接供给到一个或多个负载的输出电压和/或电流。
通过提供集成的开关功率转换器和能够使用此创新设备的新架构,可提供本发明的多种实施例,其中飞行器可使用更轻的线束。
此外,还可提供简化的配电架构,由此减少在提供或维护飞行器供电系统时所需的安装和修理工作两者的时间和成本。
附图说明
现在将结合附图描述本发明的多种方面和实施例,其中:
图1示出用于飞行器的常规配电系统;
图2示出根据本发明的多种实施例的用于飞行器的配电系统;
图3示出根据本发明的一实施例的集成的开关功率转换器;
图4示出图3的集成的开关功率转换器的I2t配电保护曲线;
图5示出根据本发明的另一个实施例的集成的开关功率转换器;以及
图6示出供图5的集成的开关功率转换器使用的DC-DC转换器。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于飞行器的常规配电系统10。配电系统10包含三相高电压(如230 VAC)发电机20。发电机20通过第一功率总线50连接到位于其附近的变压器-整流器单元(TRU) 30。功率总线50的长度为LPSU并且包含三条捆在一起的单独导线。
TRU 30可配置成提供多种输出电压供分配到飞行器周围。例如,负载70可能需要28V DC的座舱功率。因此,第二功率总线60用于经由给布线和负载提供保护的固态功率控制器40从TRU 30分配座舱功率到负载70。在所示示例中,SSPC 40控制提供给两个负载的功率,虽然本领域的技术人员知道,更多或更少此类负载可由单个SSPC 40控制,并且在需要时一个或多个此类SSPC 40可连接到第二功率总线60。也可以提供额外的功率总线(未示出)以分配其它电压的功率到飞行器周围。
例如在座舱中提供的负载70可能间隔TRU 30一定的距离分配,而TRU 30与发电机20共同位于例如一个飞行器引擎附近。因此,在第二功率总线60中提供的布线的长度LOUT可能相当大,例如,LOUT >> LPSU
然而,鉴于第二功率总线60以较低的供电电压(例如,28V)操作,其中的布线必须可携带较高的电流(例如700A,对于19.6kW供电)。
这就暗示了第二功率总线60需要芯直径大的长线缆连接,而这又意味着第二功率总线60固有地必然较重。由于总线直径的增加,为保护第二功率总线60而提供的任何护套的重量也会增加,因此进一步增大并入第二功率总线60的任何线束的重量。
图2示出根据本发明的多种实施例的用于飞行器的配电系统100。配电系统100包含连接到电源120的第一线束150。第一线束150例如可用于从电源120分配高电压AC或DC功率。在一个实施例中,线束150包含一对细线用于分配高压(high tension)(HT) AC或DC功率,例如270 V DC的电力。使用此类电线不仅提供较轻的线缆而且还为任何与之连接的设备提供共模电压保护。这在第一线束150基本分散于整个机身时特别有用,因为它可针对由雷雨、雷击等引起的电磁干扰(EMI)为机身中的设备提供良好的保护。
在备选实施例中,可使用三条或四条较细的电线从电源120分配HT AC功率。HT线缆连接较轻,因为其中的导体的芯直径小。例如,第一线束150可包括额定用于以下DC或AC操作的HT线缆连接:>100 V、>200 V、>250 V、约230 V、270 V、-270 V、±270 V、540 V等。使用细线不仅减轻重量,还使得必需的线缆连接较灵活并因此更容易在机身周围用管道输送。
配电系统100还包含通过第一线束150连接到电源120的至少一个集成的开关功率转换器180。优选开关转换器,因为与线性调节器相比,它们提供更高的效率。例如,可使用以下参照图3到图6描述的实施例的集成的开关功率转换器。这类集成的开关功率转换器180 可分配到机身各处靠近其需要驱动的相应负载170。因此,可使用较短较高电流容量的第二线束160将电负载170连接到关联集成的开关功率转换器180的相应输出。这样,电负载170可位于驱动和保护它们的集成的开关功率转换器180附近。
在多种优选实施例中,将集成的开关功率转换器180连接到相应电负载170的第二线束160的连接线的平均长度LOUT_AV短于将电源120连接到集成的开关功率转换器180的电线的平均长度LPSU_AV,即LPSU_AV > LOUT_AV。在多种实施例中,负载可位于相应集成的开关功率转换器附近,以使得:LOUT_AV << LPSU_AV、LOUT_AV < LPSU_AV / 2、LOUT_AV < LPSU_AV / 5、LOUT_AV <LPSU_AV / 10或LOUT_AV < LPSU_AV / 100,第二线束160与第一线束150相比越短,相应的总线束重量减轻。
在第一线束和/或第二线束150、160中可提供多种导体布置。例如,可由总线等提供电线或其电等效体。例如,可提供粉末涂敷的固体汇流条。如本领域的技术人员所知,也可以使用单股、多股、铜、铝等电导体提供所需的导电结构进行功率耦合。
鉴于第一线束可配置成将HT电力分配到飞行器机身周围,第二线束160可包括用于DC的线缆连接。这类DC线缆连接可额定用于低电压操作(例如<30 V)并因此与HT线缆连接相比每单位长度较重。在多种实施例中,DC线缆连接可配置成提供额定为>5kW、>10kW、约20kW或>20kW的电力。例如,可供给28V的19.6kW功率供飞行器座舱使用。
在多种实施例中,集成的开关功率转换器包括至少一个DC-DC功率转换器。集成的开关功率转换器还可配置成一起提供变压器整流器单元(TRU)的分散式功能等效体。这类集成的开关功率转换器可针对特定用途灵活定制,以便在例如想要或需要添加需要之前在飞行器上不可用的供电电压的一个或多个负载时,新负载可添加到现有系统而无需重新布线或更换整个主配电线束。
因此,与常规飞行器配电系统相比,根据本发明的多种实施例提供的某些配电系统更加容易重新配置、修改或调整。
图3示出根据本发明的一个实施例的集成的开关功率转换器280。集成的开关功率转换器280包含组合的功率转换级和SSPC级。SSPC级可用于提供线缆连接保护功能而无需检验任何调节。
集成的开关功率转换器280具有连接到变压器251的功率输入线250。馈入功率输入线250的功率由电压转换电路转换成DC功率以驱动负载270。变压器251的初级线圈252连接到固态功率控制器电路,为集成的开关功率转换器280提供功率调节和保护。
功率输入线250连接到初级线圈252的一侧。初级线圈252的另一侧连接到功率MOSFET 256的漏极。MOSFET 256的源极连接通过电流感测电阻器262接地。跨过MOSFET 256的源极和漏极连接提供反向偏压二极管258以防止反向感生的EMF对MOSFET 256造成破坏。MOSFET 256的衬底连接连接到源极电位,而栅极连接通过电阻器268耦合到转换控制器272。
运算放大器264的输入连接于电流感测电阻器262的两端。运算放大器264配置成提供预定的固定增益。运算放大器264的输出则提供馈送到转换控制器272的电流感测信号。转换控制器272耦合到SSPC 274。SSPC 274由DC电源282供电并且控制转换控制器272,以使转换控制器272通过修改经由电阻器268施加到功率MOSFET 256的栅极的电压来调节初级线圈252中的电流。有利的是,处于断开或闭合状态的MOSFET 256的任何故障将防止为负载270提供功率。SSPC 274的电流感测取自用于测量负载270的输入电流的电流感测电路292的输出294。这样,输出电流由SSPC 274测量并可由此做出决定以禁用开关转换器。电流感测电路292可由例如相似电流感测电阻器/运算放大器布置提供,用于为转换控制器272提供电流感测信号。因此,这种设计可在多种外观中使用以提供固有故障安全的配电系统。
变压器251的次级线圈254的第一端与第一整流器二极管284和扼流圈288串联连接到负载270。次级线圈254的第一端连接到第一整流器二极管284的阳极。次级线圈254的第二端连接到负载和第二整流器二极管286的阳极。第一和第二整流器二极管284、286的阴极连接在一起并连接到扼流圈288的一端。扼流圈288的另一端通过电流感测电路292连接到负载270。输出连接260将平滑电容器290的端子并联耦合于负载270和电流感测电路292的两端。未电连接到扼流圈288的平滑电容器290的引线连接到负载270和第二整流器二极管286的阳极。
在操作中,第一和第二整流器二极管284、286、扼流圈288和平滑电容器290用于对次级线圈254提供的AC功率进行整流和平滑。由此从输出连接260向负载270提供DC供给。
图4示出图3的集成的开关功率转换器280的I2t配电保护曲线210。I2t配电保护曲线210示出如何临时限制从输出连接260到负载270的电流输出以保护负载270和将集成的开关功率转换器280与之连接的线束。
示出在时间Δ将电流限制为最大电平212 (例如,额定最大恒定电流的600%)的短时面(short duration area)216。短时面216由转换控制器272进行逐周期的管理。而这又由SSPC 274监视,SSPC 274还控制I2t功能区214。SSPC 274提供有与转换控制器272相同的电流感测信号,但具有全面的授权以禁止功率转换级。因此,这个组合可提供负载保护和分散式开关控制的全面集成功率转换功能。
图5示出根据本发明的另一个实施例的集成的开关功率转换器380。集成的开关功率转换器380包括一组三条输入电力线350。输入电力线350向功率校正器382提供三相功率。连接到输入电力线350的线缆连接可连接到第一线束(未示出)的高电压低电流布线,并向集成的开关功率转换器380提供输入功率。功率校正器382提供功率因数校正,使电系统被任何上游来源看作电阻器。这种功率因数校正对于大多数航天应用来说是必须的,并且可使用在比可产生输入的更高电位操作的高电压DC链路总线提供输出。
功率校正器382在第一DC电力线383与第二DC电力线385之间产生DC输出电位。提供互相并联的三个DC-DC转换器384。在第一和第二DC电力线383、385之间还连接有平滑电容器351。由此向每个DC-DC转换器384提供DC输入。
DC-DC转换器384由控制单元360通过第一和第二控制线路357、359控制。每个相应DC-DC转换器384还提供有一对输出连接362供连接到第二线束(未示出)。使用DC-DC转换器384的一个优点是提供带局部短路保护的冗余。使用DC到DC转换还提供一个优点,即如果控制单元360故障,集成的开关功率转换器380将停止工作,就像没有功率跨过变压器386从电源传送到负载一样,由此为这种设计提供固有安全故障模式。
在操作中,控制单元360提供开关控制信号给相应DC-DC转换器384以调节输出电压并限制由输出连接362提供的电流。例如,开关控制信号可向DC-DC转换器384提供脉宽调制(PWM)控制。如本领域已知,可使用PWM为开关设备提供两种控制状态,即无/低电流的电压降或无/低压降电流。因此,例如与MOSFET本身中电阻损耗高的线性驱动方案相比,开关本身中会出现低功率损耗。还可使用固定或可变占空比开关。
控制单元360优选还包括微处理器单元(未示出)。微处理器单元可用于为集成的开关功率转换器380添加算法处理以便提供SSPC功能性。通过集成的开关转换器与SSPC功能,本发明的多种实施例能够摒弃高电流输出通常所需的常规SSPC高输出功率MOSFET,转而提供可禁用较低功率开关的本地SSPC功能,例如用于在转换器提供开关功能性的MOSFET。可选地,在集成的开关功率转换器380中还可提供多种电流传感器(未示出),然后可由控制单元360对其进行监视。
图6示出在图5的集成的开关功率转换器380中使用的DC-DC转换器384。第一DC电力线383连接到第一FET开关381的漏极连接。第一FET开关381的栅极连接连接到第一控制线路357。第二DC电力线385连接到第二FET开关387的源极连接。第二FET开关387的栅极连接连接到第二控制线路359。第一和第二FET开关381、387中的一个或多个可使用碳化硅(SiC)场效应晶体管提供。在提供HT供给的情况下,这类SiC FET特别有用。
DC-DC转换器384中也提供变压器386。变压器386的初级线圈388将FET开关381的源极连接到第二FET开关387的漏极。第一二极管364和第二二极管366保护FET开关381、387免受反向EMF影响。第一二极管364的阳极连接到第二DC电力线385,而第一二极管364的阴极连接到第一FET开关381的源极。第二二极管366的阴极连接到第一DC电力线383,而第二二极管366的阳极连接到第二FET开关387的漏极。
变压器386的次级线圈390是中心抽头的。中心抽头提供第一输出连接362。第二输出连接362连接到第一整流器二极管369的阴极。第一整流器二极管369的阳极连接到次级线圈390的一端。次级线圈390的第二端连接到第二整流器二极管368的阳极。第二整流器二极管368的阴极还连接到第二输出连接362。在第一输出连接和第二输出连接362之间还额外地提供电容器371以减少DC纹波。
一个或多个FET开关381、387(在断开或短路模式中)的任何故障将防止任何功率跨过变压器386传送,由此为集成的开关功率转换器380提供额外的进一步固有保护以免受到这类组件故障影响。
虽然本文已描述本发明的多种方面和实施例,但某些变更对本领域中的技术人员来说是显而易见的。例如,本领域的技术人员知道,使用多种集成的开关功率转换器可允许第一线束仅使用单个供电电压操作,由此使得可以替换常规飞行器配电系统中找到的多个电压总线。例如,第一线束可使用带本地功率转换的230 V AC或+/- 270 V DC供给,然后由多种集成的开关功率转换器采用以在本地创建任何具体负载所需的特定电压。因此,这类配置可用于进一步减小布线的复杂性、所用组件的体积以及多种飞行器配电系统的整体重量。例如,可以想像,本发明的多种实施例可将整体线束重量减轻30%。
此外,本领域的技术人员将知道,多种低压功率总线布置可使用单个功率总线配合由飞行器机身的多种导电组件提供的返回线路或地线。根据本发明的实施例的多种集成的开关功率转换器还可以提供为单个封装组件,例如,其电路形成为共同半导体晶圆上的单个集成电路。
本领域的技术人员还将理解,可提供集成的开关功率转换器以向常规供电系统添加升级能力。这类集成的开关功率转换器可在无限制的情况下,无论是单独还是组合时,用于以一个或多个电压向一个或多个负载供电。
参考文献:
1. US 2006/005124 (Honeywell)
2. US 2008/0111420 (Honeywell)
3. US 2008/0234838 (Honeywell)
4. EP 2 161 829 (Honeywell)
5. US 2010/0252691 (Rolls-Royce)
6. US 2004/0156154 (Honeywell)
7. D. Izquierdo等人的“Protection Devices for Aircraft ElectricalPower Distribution Systems: A Survey”(Industrial Electronics, IECON 2008, 34thAnnual Conference IEEE, 第903-908页,2008年11月10-13日)
8. A. Barrado等人的Behavioural Modeling of Solid State PowerControllers (SSPC) for Distributed Power Systems”(Applied Power ElectronicsConference and Exposition 2009, APEC 2009, 24th Annual Conference IEEE, 第1692-1697页,2009年2月15-19日)
9. US 2010/0172063 (Honeywell)
10. US 2011/0012607 (Honeywell)
在允许的情况下,上述参考文献的内容也由此通过引用完整地结合于本申请中。

Claims (33)

1.一种用于飞行器的配电系统,所述配电系统包括:
连接到电源的第一线束;
通过所述第一线束连接到所述电源的至少一个集成的开关功率转换器,所述至少一个集成的开关功率转换器包括:固态功率控制器电路和用来提供用于所述电源的功率因数校正的功率校正器;以及
通过第二线束连接到相应集成的开关功率转换器的相应输出的至少一个电负载。
2.如权利要求1所述的配电系统,其中,相应电负载位于为所述电负载供电的所述相应集成的开关功率转换器附近。
3.如以上权利要求中的任一项所述的配电系统,其中,将集成的开关功率转换器连接到其相应电负载的所述第二线束的输出连接线的长度LOUT短于将所述电源连接到所述相应集成的开关功率转换器的连接线的长度LPSU
4.如权利要求3所述的配电系统,其中,LPSU > LOUT包括:LOUT < LPSU / 2。
5.如权利要求4所述的配电系统,其中,LOUT < LPSU / 2包括:LOUT < LPSU / 5。
6.如权利要求5所述的配电系统,其中,LOUT < LPSU / 5包括:LOUT < LPSU / 10。
7.如权利要求6所述的配电系统,其中,LOUT < LPSU / 10包括:LOUT < LPSU / 100。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的配电系统,其中,所述第二线束包含用于DC的线缆连接。
9.如权利要求8所述的配电系统,其中,所述用于DC的线缆连接额定用于低电压操作以及>5kW的功率。
10.如权利要求9所述的配电系统,其中,所述用于DC的线缆连接额定用于>10kW的功率。
11.如权利要求9所述的配电系统,其中,所述用于DC的线缆连接额定用于约20kW的功率。
12.如权利要求10所述的配电系统,其中,所述用于DC的线缆连接额定用于>20kW的功率。
13.如权利要求9所述的配电系统,其中,所述低电压为少于30 V。
14. 如权利要求1或2所述的配电系统,其中,所述第一线束包含额定用于>100 V的DC或AC操作的HT线缆连接。
15. 如权利要求14所述的配电系统,其中,所述第一线束包含额定用于>200 V的DC或AC操作的HT线缆连接。
16. 如权利要求15所述的配电系统,其中,所述第一线束包含额定用于>250 V的DC或AC操作的HT线缆连接。
17. 如权利要求14所述的配电系统,其中,所述第一线束包含额定用于约230 V的DC或AC操作的HT线缆连接。
18. 如权利要求14所述的配电系统,其中,所述第一线束包含额定用于约270 V的DC或AC操作的HT线缆连接。
19. 如权利要求14所述的配电系统,其中,所述第一线束包含额定用于约540 V的DC或AC操作的HT线缆连接。
20.如权利要求1或2所述的配电系统,其中,所述第一线束包含具有双导体的高电压DC线缆。
21.如权利要求1或2所述的配电系统,其中,所述至少一个集成的开关功率转换器包括至少一个DC-DC功率转换器。
22.如权利要求1或2所述的配电系统,包括一起配置成提供变压器整流器单元(TRU)的分散式功能等效体的多个集成的开关功率转换器。
23.一种供飞行器使用的集成的开关功率转换器,所述集成的开关功率转换器包括:
电压转换电路,其用于将第一电平的输入电压转换成第二电平的输出电压;
输出连接,其用于将所述输出电压连接到一个或多个负载;
用来提供用于电源的功率因数校正的功率校正电路;以及
固态功率控制器电路,其用于调节由所述输出连接供给到所述一个或多个负载的所述输出电压和/或电流。
24.如权利要求23所述的集成的开关功率转换器,在单个组件封装中提供。
25.如权利要求23或24所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述电压转换电路和固态功率控制器电路共同形成为集成电路。
26.如权利要求23或24所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述电压转换电路和固态功率控制器电路包含一个或多个碳化硅(SiC)场效应晶体管(FET)。
27.如权利要求23或24所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述固态功率控制器电路可操作以为所述输出连接提供I2t保护。
28.如权利要求23或24所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述电压转换电路包含一个或多个开关转换器。
29.如权利要求28所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述一个或多个开关转换器包括至少一个DC-DC转换器。
30.如权利要求28所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述固态功率控制器电路包含可操作以控制由所述电压转换电路提供的所述一个或多个开关转换器的控制单元。
31.如权利要求30所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述控制单元还可操作以感测经过输出连接的电流输出。
32.如权利要求30所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述控制单元可操作以在所述集成的开关功率转换器中实现算法处理,从而提供固态功率控制器(SSPC)功能性。
33.如权利要求30所述的集成的开关功率转换器,其中,所述控制单元可操作以实现脉宽调制(PWM)方案,从而提供可变开关占空比以控制所述一个或多个开关转换器的输出。
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US20130229050A1 (en) 2013-09-05
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FR2979494A1 (fr) 2013-03-01
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