CN103007728A - 一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的工作方法 - Google Patents
一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的工作方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103007728A CN103007728A CN2012104804417A CN201210480441A CN103007728A CN 103007728 A CN103007728 A CN 103007728A CN 2012104804417 A CN2012104804417 A CN 2012104804417A CN 201210480441 A CN201210480441 A CN 201210480441A CN 103007728 A CN103007728 A CN 103007728A
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- 230000003009 desulfurizing Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 9
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfur Chemical compound 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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明公开了一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔，一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的工作方法，脱硫浆液在浆液罐内制备完成之后，由浆液泵通过管道输送至浆液存储区中，然后在第二浆液泵的作用下，浆液被输送至环管旋流层和常规喷淋层；浆液在环管旋流层内，贴吸收塔壁布置有环形浆液管道，管道上切向布置有高效雾化喷嘴，使得浆液形成螺旋向下的紊流场；含硫浓度较高的烟气经过烟气入口后向上运动，与高效雾化喷嘴作用产生的超细雾粒进行接触，实现高效脱硫；可以防止烟气沿塔壁逃逸，使得烟气更易流向喷淋密度较为集中的塔中心；管道切向布置有高效雾化喷嘴，使得浆液形成螺旋向下的紊流场，增强了反应物混合的均匀性，实现高效脱硫。
Description
一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的工作方法
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及湿法烟气脱硫塔，尤其涉及一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔及其工作方法。
背景技术
[0002] 煤炭是当今世界电力生产的主要燃料。我国的电力生产也是以火力发电厂为主。近年来随着我国火力发电厂的快速发展，燃煤用量不断增加，SO2的排放量也不断增加。我国已成为世界SO2排放量第一大国，而电厂燃煤是造成SO2污染和酸雨等问题的重要原因。因此，实施脱硫工程，完善脱硫工艺，降低脱硫成本，提高脱硫效率，减少SO2排放，是燃煤电厂当今面临的紧迫任务。
[0003]目前，国内外火力发电厂烟气脱硫技术分为干法、半干法和湿法脱硫技术三大类。由于湿法脱硫技术比较成熟且采用价廉的吸收剂，成为目前世界上使用最为广泛的脱硫技术。然而也存在着脱硫效率不闻、能耗水平闻和脱硫成本闻的问题。
[0004] 在湿法脱硫工艺中，其核心部分为脱硫塔。在脱硫塔内，含硫烟气被吸收、氧化。其中含硫烟气被吸收是影响脱硫效率及能耗的关键过程。含硫烟气从吸收塔的烟气入口进入脱硫塔时很容易产生贴壁现象，使得部分烟气未经过脱硫作用而逃逸掉。同时，烟气逃逸也会对脱硫塔内的流场分布产生不利的影响，对脱硫系统的安全稳定运行产生负面效应。
[0005] 故为了提高脱硫效率，保证吸收塔的效率，完善和优化脱硫塔内的管道布置，科学合理地设计出一种湿法烟气脱硫塔有着非常重要的意义。
发明内容
[0006] 本发明的主要目的在于提供一种脱硫效率高的环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔。
[0007] 为解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔，包括吸收塔，吸收塔内自下而上依次设置有环管旋流层、常规喷淋层、除雾层和除雾器；所述环管旋流层由多组沿环形管路布置的对冲切圆的高效雾化喷嘴构成；所述常规喷淋层布置有机械式喷嘴；所述吸收塔内底部设置有浆液储存区，所述吸收塔内顶部设置有烟气出口。
[0008] 进一步的，所述环管旋流层贴着吸收塔壁布置，环管的直径约O. Sm。
[0009] 进一步的，所述浆液储存区连接有浆液罐，所述浆液储存区与浆液罐之间设置有第一浆液泵，所述浆液储存区、浆液罐和第一浆液泵之间设置有管道连接；所述环管旋流层和常规喷淋层与浆液储存区之间设置有第二浆液泵。
[0010] 进一步的，所述浆液储存区连接有搅拌器和氧化风机。
[0011] 进一步的，所述除雾器连接有清水箱，所述除雾器和清水箱之间设置有高压冲洗泵；所述除雾器、清水箱和高压冲洗泵之间设置有清洗水管路连接。
[0012] 本发明的另一目的在于提供一种脱硫效率高的环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的工作方法。
[0013] 为解决上述问题，本发明采用如下技术方案：一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的工作方法，脱硫浆液在浆液罐内制备完成之后，由浆液泵通过管道输送至浆液存储区中，然后在第二浆液泵的作用下，浆液被输送至环管旋流层和常规喷淋层；浆液在环管旋流层内，贴吸收塔壁布置有环形浆液管道，管道上切向布置有高效雾化喷嘴，使得浆液形成螺旋向下的紊流场；含硫浓度较高的烟气经过烟气入口后向上运动，与高效雾化喷嘴作用产生的超细雾粒进行接触，实现闻效脱硫；
[0014] 浆液在常规吸收区内由普通机械式喷嘴喷淋，一方面，对烟气实现再次脱硫作用，增大脱硫效率；另一方面，向下喷淋产生的较大雾滴对烟气也起了整流的作用；完成脱硫作用的浆液在重力等作用下下降，再次聚集到浆液存储区内；沉降的浆液与来自于浆液罐内新制备的浆液在搅拌器的作用下进行均匀混合，同时氧化风机给浆液池提供氧化空气；完成脱硫作用后的烟气，进入到除雾层，经过高效除雾器作用后，从塔体上端的经烟气出口离开脱硫塔。
[0015] 本发明环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔及其工作方法的有益效果是：由于环管旋流层具有整流的作用，可以防止烟气沿塔壁逃逸，使得烟气更易流向喷淋密度较为集中的塔中心；管道切向布置有高效雾化喷嘴，使得浆液形成螺旋向下的紊流场，增强了反应物混合的均匀性，实现高效脱硫。
附图说明
[0016] 图1为本发明环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的示意图。
具体实施方式
[0017] 请参阅图1所示，本发明的一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔，包括吸收塔，吸收塔内自下而上依次设置有环管旋流层14、常规喷淋层15、除雾层16和除雾器I ;所述环管旋流层14由多组沿环形管路布置的对冲切圆的高效雾化喷嘴4构成，使得浆液形成螺旋向下的紊流场，含硫浓度较高的烟气经过烟气入口后向上运动，与高效雾化喷嘴4作用产生的超细雾粒进行接触，实现高效脱硫。所述常规喷淋层15布置有机械式喷嘴2，在该区域内，一方面，喷淋过程产生的较大颗粒的雾滴与烟气进一步进行接触，对烟气实现再次脱硫作用，增大脱硫效率；另一方面，向下喷淋产生的较大雾滴对烟气也起了整流的作用。烟气携带一部分微粒离开常规喷淋层15后进入除雾层16。烟气经过除雾器I作用后，从塔体上端的烟气出口离开脱硫塔。所述吸收塔内底部设置有浆液储存区13，所述吸收塔内顶部设置有烟气出口 17。
[0018] 其中，所述环管旋流层14贴着吸收塔壁7布置，环管的直径约O. Sm。所述浆液储存区13连接有浆液罐10，所述浆液储存区13与浆液罐10之间设置有第一浆液泵9，所述浆液储存区13、浆液罐10和第一浆液泵9之间设置有管道连接；所述环管旋流层14和常规喷淋层15与浆液储存区13之间设置有第二浆液泵8。浆液储存区13内的浆液由第二浆液泵8分别被输送至环管旋流层14和常规喷淋层15，实现高效脱硫。所述浆液储存区13连接有搅拌器11和氧化风机12 ;通过搅拌作用下，实现生成物的完成氧化，同时也可防止浆液沉淀。混合均匀的浆液再由第二浆液泵8输送至环管旋流层14、常规喷淋层15进行脱硫，实现浆液的循环利用。所述除雾器I连接有清水箱6，所述除雾器I和清水箱6之间设置有高压冲洗泵5 ;所述除雾器1、清水箱6和高压冲洗泵5之间设置有清洗水管路连接；可防止除雾器I堵塞与结垢。
[0019] 该环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的工作方法，脱硫浆液在浆液罐10内制备完成之后，由浆液泵9通过管道输送至浆液存储区13中，然后在第二浆液泵8的作用下，浆液被输送至环管旋流层14和常规喷淋层15。浆液在环管旋流层14内，贴吸收塔壁7布置有环形浆液管道3，管道上切向布置有高效雾化喷嘴4，使得浆液形成螺旋向下的紊流场。含硫浓度较高的烟气经过烟气入口后向上运动，与高效雾化喷嘴4作用产生的超细雾粒进行接触，实现闻效脱硫。
[0020] 浆液在常规吸收区内由普通机械式喷嘴2喷淋，一方面，对烟气实现再次脱硫作用，增大脱硫效率；另一方面，向下喷淋产生的较大雾滴对烟气也起了整流的作用。
[0021] 完成脱硫作用的浆液在重力等作用下下降，再次聚集到浆液存储区13内。沉降的浆液与来自于浆液罐10内新制备的浆液在搅拌器11的作用下进行均匀混合，同时氧化风机12给浆液池提供氧化空气。
[0022] 完成脱硫作用后的烟气，进入到除雾层16，经过高效除雾器I作用后，从塔体上端的经烟气出口 17离开吸收塔。其中，除雾器I的清洗介质由清水箱6提供，且清洗水管路上设置高压冲洗泵5。
[0023] 本发明与常规湿法烟气脱硫塔相比，具有以下优点：
[0024]1.环管旋流层的浆液管道贴着脱硫塔壁布置，其具有类似整流构件的作用，可以防止烟气沿塔壁逃逸，使得烟气更易流向喷淋密度较为集中的塔中心。
[0025] 2.环管旋流层贴壁布置的浆液管道的直径约O. 8m(以300丽的火力发电机组为例），其作用间接的减小了脱硫塔的直径，从而简化了塔内结构，减少了塔内布置的管道。
[0026] 3.环管旋流层产生的紊流场，增强了反应物混合的均匀性，增加了反应比表面积，延长了反应接触的时间，加快了吸收反应的速率，从而实现高效脱硫。
[0027] 4.常规喷淋层安装向下喷雾的机械式喷嘴，一方面再次进行脱硫，提高脱硫的效率；另一方面对烟气也起到整流作用。
[0028] 以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书所限定的保护范围为准。
Claims (6)
1. 一种环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔，其特征在于：包括吸收塔，吸收塔内自下而上依次设置有环管旋流层、常规喷淋层、除雾层和除雾器；所述环管旋流层由多组沿环形管路布置的对冲切圆的高效雾化喷嘴构成；所述常规喷淋层布置有机械式喷嘴；所述吸收塔内底部设置有浆液储存区，所述吸收塔内顶部设置有烟气出口。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔，其特征在于：所述环管旋流层贴着吸收塔壁布置，环管的直径约O. Sm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔，其特征在于：所述浆液储存区连接有浆液罐，所述浆液储存区与浆液罐之间设置有第一浆液泵，所述浆液储存区、浆液罐和第一浆液泵之间设置有管道连接；所述环管旋流层和常规喷淋层与浆液储存区之间设置有第二浆液泵。
4.根据权利要求1所述的环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔，其特征在于：所述浆液储存区连接有搅拌器和氧化风机。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔，其特征在于：所述除雾器连接有清水箱，所述除雾器和清水箱之间设置有高压冲洗泵；所述除雾器、清水箱和高压冲洗泵之间设置有清洗水管路连接。
6. 一种如权利要求1所述的环管旋流湿法烟气脱硫塔的工作方法，其特征在于：脱硫浆液在浆液罐内制备完成之后，由浆液泵通过管道输送至浆液存储区中，然后在第二浆液泵的作用下，浆液被输送至环管旋流层和常规喷淋层；浆液在环管旋流层内，贴吸收塔壁布置有环形浆液管道，管道上切向布置有高效雾化喷嘴，使得浆液形成螺旋向下的紊流场；含硫浓度较高的烟气经过烟气入口后向上运动，与高效雾化喷嘴作用产生的超细雾粒进行接触，实现闻效脱硫； 浆液在常规吸收区内由普通机械式喷嘴喷淋，一方面，对烟气实现再次脱硫作用，增大脱硫效率；另一方面，向下喷淋产生的较大雾滴对烟气也起了整流的作用；完成脱硫作用的浆液在重力等作用下下降，再次聚集到浆液存储区内；沉降的浆液与来自于浆液罐内新制备的浆液在搅拌器的作用下进行均匀混合，同时氧化风机给浆液池提供氧化空气；完成脱硫作用后的烟气，进入到除雾层，经过高效除雾器作用后，从塔体上端的经烟气出口离开脱硫塔。
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