CN103004329B - A variable-diameter tree planting digging machine drill bit - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a planting digging machine drill with a variable diameter. The planting digging machine drill is composed of a power transmitting and tunneling device, an expanded support device, and a spiral soil guide device. The planting digging machine drill has the advantageous effects that (1) the design of the planting digging machine drill with the variable diameter disclosed by the invention achieves digging of a taper tree well, so that the energy source is saved, and the usable range of the traditional fixed-diameter drill is expanded; (2) the expanded support device can achieve real-time and flexible reducing operation of the digging machine drill; and the expanded support device is accurate and reliable in reducing manner, and large in change range of a field angle; (3) the tree well dug by the planting digging machine drill with the variable diameter disclosed by the invention is not easy to collapse due to the external disturbance, and the pit retentivity is good; and (4) the taper planting tree well dug by the planting digging machine drill is more beneficial to transplanting operation and planting survival of 'basking mother earth tree' with an inverted cone compared with the cylindrical tree well from the angles of the tree transplanting operation convenience and the planting survival.

Description

A variable-diameter tree planting digging machine drill bit

technical field

The invention relates to a tree planting pit digging machine drill bit, in particular to a variable diameter tree planting pit digging machine drill bit, which belongs to the field of garden planting machinery.

Background technique

The pit digger is a pit digging and drilling machine widely used in gardening, planting, piling and other fields. Its general working method is: the power output interface drives the transmission shaft to rotate, the gearbox turns to drive the drill bit to rotate, and the helical blade of the drill bit drives the sand Flip out upwards to complete the digging process.

The drilling tool is the key and basic working part of the excavator. Common small or medium and large digging machines use fixed-diameter drills with helical blades, which have the advantages of simple structure, low cost, easy operation, and long life.

However, the fixed-diameter drill bit also has the following disadvantages: (1) When it is used for transplanting medium and large trees, since the root system of this kind of transplanted wood has an inverted cone-shaped "grandmother soil", in order to facilitate planting, it must be maximized. The drill bit is selected to make the diameter of the tree pit dug meet the maximum diameter of its "grandmother's soil", which increases the amount of earthwork virtually and wastes resources; (2) The tree pit dug by a fixed-diameter drill bit is generally U-shaped, Vertical inner facades are more likely to collapse due to external disturbances, which will inevitably reduce the size of the tree pit dug and affect the quality of the pit; (3) The diameter of the tree pit often determines the degree of loose soil above the roots of the trees planted after backfilling. The amount of air flow, for the U-shaped tree pit dug out by a fixed-diameter drill bit, the diameter of the loose soil above the root system of the planted tree is fixed. In order to make it easier for the tree to survive, only a larger diameter size can be used. Increased earthwork volume.

The problems existing in the above-mentioned fixed-diameter drill bit limit the range of use of this type of garden machine to a certain extent, so it is urgent to design a variable-diameter tree planting digging machine drill bit that can change the diameter of the digging hole flexibly in real time.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a drill bit for a tree planting and digging machine with a variable diameter that can realize real-time and flexibly changing the diameter of the digging hole.

The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: including power transmission and excavation device, gradually expanding support device, screw soil guide device, characterized in that: power transmission and excavation device includes main shaft, hanger IV, hanger V, hanger Frame VI, soil retaining ring, main shaft connecting plate, drill tip, the upper part of the main shaft with internal splines at the end of the shaft is the power input end, near the upper end of the main shaft are threaded holes I and III through the internal splines, the lower end of the main shaft Along the circumferential direction, the center angles are welded to hanger IV, hanger V, and hanger VI in turn at intervals of 120°. The disc-shaped soil retaining ring is welded to the lower end surface of the main shaft. The soil retaining ring coincides with the axis of the main shaft, and is rectangular. The main shaft connection plate is welded to the bottom of the soil retaining ring, the centerline of the main shaft connection plate in the long side direction passes through the center of the soil retaining ring, the drill point is welded to the lower end surface of the main shaft connection plate through the drill point connection plate on the upper end surface, and the drill point The center of rotation of the drill point coincides with the axis of the main shaft, and the bottom of the drill point is provided with a centering cone point. The center of rotation of the centering cone point coincides with the axis of the main shaft. The helical starting end of the spiral excavation blade is welded with digging blade I and digging blade II, and the progressively expanding support device includes a fixed bushing, a tightening nut I, a tightening nut II, a tightening nut III, a linear stepping motor, a wire Bar, motor fixing plate and supporting fasteners, sliding bushing, strut I, strut II, strut III, pin shaft II, pin shaft III, pin shaft V, fixed bushing with connection plane along the axial direction It is fixed on the cylindrical surface of the main shaft and fixed on the upper part of the main shaft by the fastening nut I, the fastening nut II and the fastening nut III, and the L-shaped motor fixing plate with a guide hole is fixed on the connecting plane of the fixed bushing by four screws II , the linear stepper motor is fixed to the other plane of the L-shaped motor fixing plate by 4 screws I, its output shaft is connected to the lead screw, the axis of the lead screw is parallel to the axis of the main shaft, and the center angles of each 120° on the cylindrical surface are sequentially The sliding sleeves with hanger I, hanger II, and hanger III are sleeved on the cylindrical surface of the main shaft and located below the fixed sleeve. The sliding sleeve is provided with a push-pull frame facing the direction of the linear stepping motor. There are guide rods and threaded holes II. The upper end of the guide rod whose axis is parallel to the axis of the main shaft passes through the guide hole on the motor fixing plate and is slidably connected with it. The lower end of the lead screw passes through the threaded hole II and is threaded with it. The hanger I, the hanger II, and the hanger III are rotatably connected to the strut I, the strut II, and the strut III through the pin shaft II, the pin shaft III, and the pin shaft V respectively. The spiral soil guide device includes the soil guide plate I , soil guide plate II, soil guide plate III, connecting rubber I, connecting rubber II, connecting rubber III, pin shaft I, pin shaft IV, pin shaft VI, pin shaft VII, pin shaft VIII, pin shaft IX, soil guide plate I. The thickness of the soil guide plate II and the soil guide plate III are equal, the radius of the inner circle is equal, the height is equal, and the central angle is 120°. The inner cylinder elevations of the soil guide plate I, soil guide plate II, and soil guide plate III are close to Connecting seat I, connecting seat II, and connecting seat III are respectively arranged at the center of the upper part. Connecting seat I is rotatably connected to strut I through pin shaft I, and connecting seat II is rotatably connected through pin shaft I. The shaft IV is rotatably connected to the strut II, and the connecting seat III is rotatably connected to the strut III through the pin shaft IX. There are connection seat IV, connection seat V, and connection seat VI. The connection seat IV is rotatably connected with the hanger V on the main shaft through the pin shaft VII, and the connection seat V is rotatable with the hanger VI on the main shaft through the pin shaft VIII. Connection, the connecting seat VI is rotatably connected with the hanger IV on the main shaft through the pin shaft VI, and the two adjacent side elevations of the soil guide plate I and the soil guide plate II are connected by the connecting rubber I with a proper expansion and contraction allowance The two side elevations adjacent to the soil guide plate II and the soil guide plate III are connected with the connecting rubber II with an appropriate expansion and contraction allowance, and the two side elevations adjacent to the soil guide plate III and the soil guide plate I are connected with the remaining The connecting rubber III with appropriate expansion and contraction margin is connected, and the outer cylindrical facades of the soil guide plate I, soil guide II, and soil guide plate III are respectively connected from the bottom to the helical direction of the double helix excavation blade on the drill tip. The spiral soil guide blade is riveted with a plurality of nail teeth on the lower edge of the outer edge of the double helix soil guide blade.

In the drill bit of the variable-diameter tree planting and digging machine, the opening angle of the soil guide plate I, soil guide plate II, and soil guide plate III varies from 0° to 40° when retracted.

The working principle of the present invention is: the power source and the gearbox transmit the power to the main shaft of the drill bit of the variable-diameter tree planting and digging machine to rotate the drill bit. In the initial working stage, the drill bit presents the function of a common fixed-diameter drill bit. The three soil guide plates are all Folding and keeping the opening angle at zero, the drill tip and the soil guide plate respectively use the double-helix excavation blade and the double-helix soil guide blade to realize the downward excavation and the upward turning of the sand; when the excavation reaches 70% of the predetermined tree pit depth~ When 100%, the linear stepping motor runs under the control of its controller, driving the lead screw to push the push-pull frame and the sliding bushing to slide slowly downward, thereby driving the three support rods to control the three soil guide plates to gradually expand outward, and the three The connecting rubber between the soil guide plates stretches accordingly, and the soil resistance suffered by the soil guide plates begins to increase. Function, the sand and soil excavated from the bottom of the tree pit and the vertical wall are exported out of the pit with the relay of the double-helix soil guide blades, and the tree pit excavated gradually changes from cylindrical to conical; as the sliding sleeve continues to slide down slowly, the soil guide plate The opening angle also increases slowly, and the diameter of the excavated conical tree pit also increases accordingly. When the linear stepping motor drives the screw and the push-pull frame to complete a precise distance sliding, the three soil guide plates will complete a precise and reliable Controlled opening angle changes, and this moment, this variable-diameter tree planting pit digging machine drill bit just realizes the excavation of the conical tree pit under a certain opening angle.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: (1) The variable-diameter tree planting and digging machine drill bit design adopted by the present invention realizes the excavation of conical tree pits, which not only saves energy, but also expands the traditional fixed diameter (2) The present invention adopts a gradually expanding support device composed of a linear stepping motor, a lead screw, a sliding bushing, a strut, etc. to realize the real-time and flexible diameter-changing operation of the drill bit of the digging machine. The method is accurate and reliable, and the range of opening angle is large; (3) The tree pit excavated by the drill bit of the variable-diameter tree planting and digging machine of the present invention is less prone to collapse due to external disturbance, and its pit shape retention is better; (4) ) From the perspective of the convenience of tree transplanting operation and the survival after planting, the cone-shaped tree-planting tree pit excavated by the present invention is more conducive to bringing the inverted cone-shaped "grandmother soil" trees than the cylindrical tree pit. Transplanting operations and survival after planting.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the whole machine structure when the embodiment of the present invention is at zero opening angle (connecting rubber folds are not drawn).

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the whole machine when the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is at the maximum opening angle.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the whole machine after removing the connecting rubber when the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is at the maximum opening angle.

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the structure after removing the soil guide plates I, II and the connecting rubber when the maximum opening angle is at the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the relative positions of the three soil guide plates when the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 is at the maximum opening angle.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the drill tip in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 .

In the figure: 1. Linear stepping motor 2. Main shaft 3. Threaded hole I 4. Internal spline 5. Fixed bushing

6. Nail nut I 7. Soil guide plate I 8. Connecting rubber I 9. Soil guiding plate II 10. Connecting rubber II

11. Soil guide plate III 12. Double helix soil guide blade 13. Spike teeth 14. Drill point 15. Connecting rubber III

16. Push-pull frame 17. Pin shaft I 18. Connecting seat I 19. Strut rod I 20. Pin shaft II 21. Lead screw

22. Guide rod 23. Motor fixing plate 24. Hanger I 25. Sliding bushing 26. Hanger II

27. Pin shaft III 28, strut II 29, pin shaft IV 30, connecting seat II 31, hanger III 32, pin shaft V

33. Strut III 34. Threaded hole II 35. Screw I 36. Guide hole 37. Screw II 38. Tightening nut II

39. Pin shaft VI 40. Hanger IV 41. Soil retaining ring 42. Hanger V 43. Pin shaft VII

44. Main shaft connection plate 45. Pin shaft VIII 46. Hanger VI 47. Tightening nut III 48. Threaded hole III

49. Connection seat III 50, pin shaft IX 51, connection seat IV 52, connection seat V 53, connection seat VI

54. Centering cone tip 55. Digging blade I 56. Double helix digging blade 57. Drill point connecting plate 58. Digging blade II

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

In the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 6: the upper part of the main shaft 2 with the internal spline 4 at the shaft end is the power input end, and near the upper end of the main shaft 2, there are threaded holes I3 and III threaded through the internal spline 4. 48, the lower end of the main shaft 2 is welded with the hanger IV 40, the hanger V 42, and the hanger VI 46 at intervals of 120° in the circumferential direction, and the disc-shaped soil retaining ring 41 is welded on the lower end surface of the main shaft 2, The soil retaining ring 41 coincides with the axis of the main shaft 2, and the rectangular main shaft connecting plate 44 is welded to the bottom of the soil retaining ring 41. The centerline of the main shaft connecting plate 44 in the long side direction passes through the center of the soil retaining ring 41, and the drill point 14 passes through it. The drill point connection plate 57 on the upper end surface is welded to the lower end surface of the main shaft connection plate 44. The center of rotation of the drill point 14 coincides with the axis center of the main shaft 2. The bottom of the drill point 14 is provided with a centering cone point 54, and the rotation of the centering cone point 54 The center coincides with the shaft center of the main shaft 2, and the middle part of the drill tip 14 is rolled and formed along the axial direction to form a double-helix excavation blade 56, and the helical starting end of the double-helix excavation blade 56 is welded with an excavation blade I 55 and an excavation blade II 58 , a fixed bushing 5 with a connection plane in the axial direction is set on the cylindrical surface of the main shaft 2, and is fixed on the upper part of the main shaft 2 through the fastening nut I 6, the fastening nut II 38, and the fastening nut III 47, and a guide hole is opened The L-shaped motor fixing plate 23 of 36 is fixed on the connection plane between 4 screws II 37 and the fixed bushing 5, and the linear stepper motor 1 is fixed on the other plane of the L-shaped motor fixing plate 23 through 4 screws I 35, and its output The shaft is connected to the lead screw 21, the axis of the lead screw 21 is parallel to the axis of the main shaft 2, and the sliding bushes 25 of the hanger I 24, the hanger II 26, and the hanger III 31 are arranged in sequence at intervals of 120° on the cylindrical surface Covered on the cylindrical surface of the main shaft 2 and located below the fixed bushing 5, the sliding bushing 25 is provided with a push-pull frame 16 towards the direction of the linear stepping motor 1, and the upper end surface of the push-pull frame 16 is provided with a guide rod 22 and a threaded hole II 34, The upper end of the guide rod 22 whose axis is parallel to the axis of the main shaft 2 passes through the guide hole 36 on the motor fixing plate 23 and is slidably connected with it, and the lower end of the leading screw 21 passes through the threaded hole II 34 and is threaded with it. I 24, hanger II 26, and hanger III 31 are rotatably connected to struts I 19, struts II 28, and struts III 33 through pin shafts II 20, pin shaft III 27, pin shaft V 32, and guide the soil Plate I 7, soil guide plate II 9, soil guide plate III 11 have the same thickness, equal inner circle radius, equal height and central angle of 120°, soil guide plate I 7, soil guide plate II 9, soil guide plate III The inner cylindrical facade of 11 is respectively provided with connecting seat I 18, connecting seat II 30, connecting seat III 49 near the center of the upper part, connecting seat I 18 is rotatably connected with strut I 19 through pin shaft I 17, connecting seat II 30 is rotatably connected to strut II 28 through pin shaft IV 29, connecting seat III 49 is rotatably connected to strut III 33 through pin shaft IX 50, and the soil guide plate I 7, soil guide plate II 9, and soil guide plate III 11 are respectively provided with connection seat IV 51, connection seat V 52, and connection seat VI 53 at the bottom center of the inner cylinder elevation of soil guide plate III 11, and connection seat IV 51 is connected with pin shaft VII 43 The hanger V 42 on the main shaft 2 is rotatably connected, the connecting seat V 52 is rotatably connected to the hanger VI 46 on the main shaft 2 through the pin shaft VIII 45, and the connecting seat VI 53 is connected to the main shaft 2 through the pin shaft VI 39. The hanger IV 40 is rotatably connected, the two side elevations adjacent to the soil guide plate I 7 and the soil guide plate II 9 are connected with the connecting rubber I 8 with a proper expansion allowance, and the soil guide plate II 9 is connected to the soil guide plate II 9 The two adjacent side facades of the board III 11 are connected with the connecting rubber II 10 with appropriate expansion allowance, and the two adjacent side elevations of the soil guide plate III 11 and the soil guide plate I 7 are left with appropriate expansion allowance Amount of connection rubber III 15 connection, soil guide plate I 7, soil guide plate II 9, soil guide plate III 11 on the outer cylinder facade from the bottom to respectively connect the helical direction of the double helix excavation blade 56 on the drill point 14 and fix There are double-helix soil-guiding blades 12, and the lower edge of the outer edge of the double-helix soil-guiding blades 12 is riveted with some nail teeth 13.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to show and describe the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. On the premise of departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, there will be various modifications or equivalent replacements in the present invention, and any modification or equivalent replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. a reducing Tree Planting Earthdrill drill bit, comprise power transmission and mole, flaring bracing or strutting arrangement, spiral is led native device, it is characterized in that: power transmission and mole comprise main shaft (2), hanger IV (40), hanger V (42), hanger VI (46), gear pedosphere (41), main shaft connecting plate (44), apex point (14), main shaft (2) top that axle head has internal spline (4) is power intake, have near main shaft (2) upper end the screwed hole I (3) that runs through internal spline (4), screwed hole III (48), main shaft (2) lower end along circumferentially at interval of 120 ° of central angles successively with hanger IV (40), hanger V (42), hanger VI (46) seam, disc gear pedosphere (41) is welded on main shaft (2) lower surface, the axis coinciding of gear pedosphere (41) and main shaft (2), rectangle main shaft connecting plate (44) is welded in gear pedosphere (41) bottom, center line on main shaft connecting plate (44) long side direction is through gear pedosphere (41) center of circle, apex point (14) is by the apex point connecting plate (57) and main shaft connecting plate (44) lower surface seam of its upper surface, the centre of gyration of apex point (14) and main shaft (2) axis coinciding, apex point (14) bottom is provided with centering cone point (54), the centre of gyration of centering cone point (54) and main shaft (2) axis coinciding, there is double helix digging blade (56) at apex point (14) middle part along its axis direction roll forming, the spiral initiating terminal seam of double helix digging blade (56) has digging sword I (55), digging sword II (58), flaring bracing or strutting arrangement comprises fixed hub (5), mark closely nut I (6), mark closely nut II (38), mark closely nut III (47), linear stepping motor (1), leading screw (21), motor fixing plate (23) and supporting securing member, sliding shaft sleeve (25), strut I (19), strut II (28), strut III (33), bearing pin II (20), bearing pin III (27), bearing pin V (32), the fixed hub (5) that has vertically connection plane is placed on main shaft (2) face of cylinder, and by marking closely nut I (6), mark closely nut II (38), mark closely nut III (47) and be fixed on main shaft (2) top, the L shaped motor fixing plate (23) that has pilot hole (36) is fixed with the plane that is connected of fixed hub (5) by 4 screw II (37), linear stepping motor (1) is fixed with another plane of L shaped motor fixing plate (23) by 4 screw I (35), its output shaft is connected with leading screw (21), leading screw (21) axle center and main shaft (2) axis parallel, on the face of cylinder, be provided with successively hanger I (24) at interval of 120 ° of central angles, hanger II (26), the sliding shaft sleeve (25) of hanger III (31) is placed on main shaft (2) face of cylinder and is positioned at fixed hub (5) below, sliding shaft sleeve (25) is provided with pushing-pulling-rack (16) towards linear stepping motor (1) direction, pushing-pulling-rack (16) upper surface is provided with guide post (22) and screwed hole II (34), guide post (22) upper end of axle center and main shaft (2) axis parallel is also slidably connected with it through the pilot hole (36) on motor fixing plate (23), leading screw (21) lower end is also threaded with it through screwed hole II (34), hanger I (24), hanger II (26), hanger III (31) is respectively by bearing pin II (20), bearing pin III (27), bearing pin V (32) and strut I (19), strut II (28), strut III (33) is rotatably connected, spiral is led native device and is comprised soil guiding board I (7), soil guiding board II (9), soil guiding board III (11), connect rubber I (8), connect rubber II (10), connect rubber III (15), bearing pin I (17), bearing pin IV (29), bearing pin VI (39), bearing pin VII (43), bearing pin VIII (45), bearing pin IX (50), soil guiding board I (7), soil guiding board II (9), the thickness of soil guiding board III (11) equates, interior radius of circle equates, highly equal and central angle is 120 °, soil guiding board I (7), soil guiding board II (9), the interior cylinder facade of soil guiding board III (11) is respectively equipped with Connection Block I (18) near central upper portion place, Connection Block II (30), Connection Block III (49), Connection Block I (18) is rotatably connected by bearing pin I (17) and strut I (19), Connection Block II (30) is rotatably connected by bearing pin IV (29) and strut II (28), Connection Block III (49) is rotatably connected by bearing pin IX (50) and strut III (33), soil guiding board I (7), soil guiding board II (9), the place of interior cylinder facade bottom centre of soil guiding board III (11) is respectively equipped with Connection Block IV (51), Connection Block V (52), Connection Block VI (53), Connection Block IV (51) is rotatably connected by bearing pin VII (43) and the hanger V (42) on main shaft (2), Connection Block V (52) is rotatably connected by bearing pin VIII (45) and the hanger VI (46) on main shaft (2), Connection Block VI (53) is rotatably connected by bearing pin VI (39) and the hanger IV (40) on main shaft (2), two side elevations that soil guiding board I (7) is adjacent with soil guiding board II (9) connect with the rubber I (8) that is connected that leaves suitably flexible surplus, two side elevations that soil guiding board II (9) is adjacent with soil guiding board III (11) connect with the rubber II (10) that is connected that leaves suitably flexible surplus, two side elevations that soil guiding board III (11) is adjacent with soil guiding board I (7) connect with the rubber III (15) that is connected that leaves suitably flexible surplus, soil guiding board I (7), soil guiding board II (9), the hand of spiral of double helix digging blade (56) that starts to continue respectively from bottom on the outside cylinder facade of soil guiding board III (11) apex point (14) is fixed with double helix and leads native blade (12), the outward flange lower edge riveted joint that double helix is led native blade (12) has some spike-tooths (13).

2. reducing Tree Planting Earthdrill drill bit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: subtended angle excursion when soil guiding board I (7), soil guiding board II (9), soil guiding board III (11) folding and unfolding is 0 °～40 °.