CN102998438A - Maturity analysis and judgment method for field tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Maturity analysis and judgment method for field tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a maturity analysis and judgment method for field tobacco leaves. The maturity analysis and judgment method for field tobacco leaves comprises the steps of combining external characteristics and inner chemical components of tobacco leaves, detecting a botanical character, chlorophyll content and content of total nitrogen and total sugar of the field tobacco leaves, and judging whether the tobacco leaves reach the standard or not by comparing the detection results of the botanical character, the chlorophyll content and the content of total nitrogen and total sugar with the standards, wherein if the tobacco leaves reach the standard, the tobacco leaves meet the harvest requirement. The maturity analysis and judgment method provided by the invention can combine a subjective judgment result and an objective judgment result to commonly judge the maturity of the tobacco leaves, thereby enhancing the accuracy of the judgment and the quality of the tobacco leaves, and also enabling the judgment results to be more real and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the technical field of judging tobacco leaf field harvest maturity, be specifically related to a kind of field Maturity of Tobacco Leaf and analyze determination methods.
Background technology
Maturity of Tobacco Leaf comprises the degree of ripeness of field fresh tobacco leaf and the degree of ripeness after the modulation, field fresh tobacco leaf degree of ripeness is the degree of ripeness that tobacco leaf shows in the field growing growth course, being to carry out the major criterion that tobacco leaf picking is judged, also is the basis that guarantees degree of ripeness after the tobacco leaf modulation.In general, tobacco leaf Mature degree is good, and through correct modulation, quality of tobacco is high after modulation, and degree of ripeness is good.
The botany proterties that the at present judgement of Mature degree mainly adopts fresh tobacco leaf to show comprises the leaf look, main, the offshoot degree that bleaches, and the cauline leaf angle, fine hair comes off, blade tip leaf margin, ripe spot etc.The practice effect that the degree of ripeness external appearance characteristic that fresh tobacco leaf shows is gathered very important for guidance, but the description acceptor viewing of botany proterties qualitative, quantitative sound is larger, and certain limitation is arranged.In recent years, people are on the Research foundation of flue-cured tobacco field harvest maturity, carry out many-sided degree of ripeness and characterized factor research, as adopt the chlorophyllous method of chlorophyll meter Fast Measurement, judge that with this tobacco leaf suits to adopt the roasting time, though the certain objectivity of the method tool is only measured chlorophyll content and come Maturity of Flue-cured Tobacco is judged, so rather have certain one-sidedness, result of determination not necessarily conforms to fully with actual conditions.
This shows that the field tobacco leaf carries out the detection of multiple project, is the present technical issues that need to address in this area to improve the accuracy of judging Maturity of Tobacco Leaf.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of field Maturity of Tobacco Leaf to analyze determination methods, utilizes simultaneously multiple test item that the degree of ripeness of field tobacco leaf is made comprehensively and accurately and measures.
The invention provides a kind of field Maturity of Tobacco Leaf and analyze determination methods, tobacco leaf to be measured is detected, Detection of content comprises detection botany proterties, detects chlorophyll content and detects the total nitrogen total sugar content, touches the mark such as testing result and judges that then tobacco leaf is ripe, meets the harvesting requirement.
Preferably, described detection botany proterties may further comprise the steps:
(101) choose some of the consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, the cigarette strain is divided into bottom, middle part and top, gather the blade at each position as tobacco leaf to be measured;
(102) index of the tobacco leaf to be measured of bottom is: leaf look pale green, blade tip, leaf margin slightly are yellow, and the master pulse color and luster 3-4 that bleaches becomes, and the offshoot 2-3 that bleaches becomes, without ripe spot and fine hair obscission;
(103) index of tobacco leaf to be measured at middle part is: blade tip is yellowish green, and the phyllopodium light green yellowish greenly accounts for 4-5, and the master pulse 6-7 that bleaches becomes, and the offshoot 5-6 that bleaches becomes, and ripe spot uneven distribution accounts for 5-6, and the part fine hair bleaches, comes off, and blade tip, leaf margin are curling;
(104) index of the tobacco leaf to be measured on top is: blade tip is yellowish green, the phyllopodium pale green, and the yellowish green 6-7 that accounts for becomes, and the master pulse 7-8 that bleaches becomes, the offshoot 7-8 that bleaches becomes, ripe spot skewness, and blade tip, leaf margin are more, integral body accounts for 6-7 and becomes, and the part fine hair bleaches, comes off, and blade tip, leaf margin are curling.
(105) testing result such as bottom, middle part and the top of tobacco leaf to be measured all meets above index, judges that then the botany proterties is up to standard.
Preferably, described detection chlorophyll content may further comprise the steps:
(201) choose some of the consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, the cigarette strain is divided into bottom, middle part and top, gather the blade at each position as tobacco leaf to be measured;
(202) respectively with the tobacco leaf to be measured on bottom, middle part and top from leaf base toward leaf tip between the several the 5th and the 6th offshoot the phyllopodium of master pulse both sides get a little, utilize Chlorophyll meter to detect, duplicate detection three times is got the mean value of detection;
(203) meet index such as the mean value that detects, judge that then chlorophyll content is up to standard.
Preferably, described chlorophyll content scope up to standard: lower tobacco leaf chlorophyll content scope up to standard is 21.90~24.40SPAD; Tobacco leaf chlorophyll content scope up to standard in middle part is 21.81~27.52SPAD; Upper tobacco leaf chlorophyll content scope up to standard is 23.11~29.19SPAD.
Preferably, described detection total nitrogen total sugar content may further comprise the steps:
(301) choose some of the consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, the cigarette strain is divided into bottom, middle part and top, gather the blade at each position as tobacco leaf to be measured;
(302) respectively the tobacco leaf to be measured on bottom, middle part and top was completed under 105 ℃ 10 minutes, 40 ℃ of lower oven dry, pulverize, screen through 40 mesh sieves;
(303) carry out the detection of total nitrogen total sugar content through the tobacco leaf picking to be measured after step (302) processing with conventional method, duplicate detection three times is got the mean value of detection.
Preferably, described detection total nitrogen total sugar content scope up to standard: lower tobacco leaf total nitrogen content mass percent scope up to standard is 1.40~1.80%, and lower tobacco leaf total sugar content mass percent scope up to standard is 6.14~7.02%; Tobacco leaf total nitrogen content mass percent scope up to standard in middle part is 1.70~2.22%, and tobacco leaf total sugar content mass percent scope up to standard in middle part is 4.64~5.70%; Upper tobacco leaf total nitrogen content mass percent scope up to standard is 2.39~2.61%, the mass percent scope 4.52~4.77% that the upper tobacco leaf total sugar content is up to standard.
Compared with prior art, field provided by the invention Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is analyzed determination methods, in conjunction with the external proterties of tobacco leaf and inherent chemical constitution, by the field tobacco leaf being carried out the detection of botany proterties, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen total sugar content, testing result and index contrast according to the three, judge whether up to standardly, then meet the harvesting requirement as up to standard.Analysis determination methods provided by the invention can be judged jointly in conjunction with the judged result of subjectivity and objectivity the degree of ripeness of tobacco leaf, improves judgment accuracy, so that the quality of tobacco raising, also so that result of determination is more true and reliable.
Embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art understand better technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The invention provides a kind of field Maturity of Tobacco Leaf and analyze determination methods, comprise and detect the botany proterties, detect chlorophyll content and detect the total nitrogen total sugar content.Gather the cigarette strain when the maturity stage of field tobacco leaf, respectively the lower two canopy tobacco leaves in the tobacco leaf, middle part tobacco leaf, upper two canopy tobacco leaves are detected, be used for judging degree of ripeness, the present invention is described in further detail for following examples.
Embodiment 1:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose cigarette strain lower tobacco leaf, lower tobacco leaf is from the bottom up several the 4th and the 5th tobacco leaves of cigarette strain, and being commonly called as down two canopy tobacco leaves is tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured is carried out the detection of botany proterties, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen total sugar content:
(1) detect the botany shape:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose down two canopy tobacco leaves as tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured is carried out botany character description and photo location.The testing result of the botany character description of tobacco leaf to be measured sees Table 1, according to table 1 can draw down that two canopy tobacco leaf botany proterties pay close attention to as if its leaf look, master pulse and offshoot color and luster.
Table 1. time two canopy tobacco leaf botany proterties
Proterties | Qualitative, the quantitative description of proterties |
The leaf look | Pale green, blade tip, leaf margin show slightly yellowish |
Leaf surface and cauline leaf angle | Smoothly, 60 degree |
Ripe spot | Nothing |
The master pulse color and luster | Bleach 4/10 |
The offshoot color and luster | Bleach 2/10 |
Fine hair | Without coming off |
The blade tip leaf margin | Blade tip is slightly lower |
(2) detect chlorophyll content:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose at random three cigarette strains, and choose down two canopy tobacco leaves as tobacco leaf to be measured.With tobacco leaf to be measured from leaf base toward leaf tip between the several the 5th and the 6th offshoot the phyllopodium of master pulse both sides get point (near master pulse 2cm), utilize Chlorophyll meter to detect, duplicate detection three times is got the mean value of detection.
Measurement result shows that the chlorophyll content of lower two canopy tobacco leaves is respectively 23.6SPAD and 22.0SPAD, the chlorophyll content indifference of two phyllopodium, and chlorophyll content is between 21.90~24.40SPAD.
(3) detect total nitrogen, total sugar content
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose at random three cigarette strains, and choose down two canopy tobacco leaves as tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured was completed under 105 ℃ 10 minutes, 40 ℃ of lower oven dry, pulverize, screen through 40 mesh sieves.
Measurement result is that the mass percent of the total sugar content of lower two canopy tobacco leaves is respectively 6.58%, 6.85%, and the mass percent of total sugar content all is between 6.14~7.02%; The mass percent of the total nitrogen content of lower two canopy tobacco leaves is respectively 1.47%, 1.64%, and the mass percent of total nitrogen content all is between 1.40~1.80%.
Draw the judge index of degree of ripeness according to the testing result of above botany proterties to tobacco leaf to be measured, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen total sugar content: lower two canopy blades are light green, and master pulse bleaches 4 one-tenth, and offshoot bleaches 2 one-tenth, without obvious ripe spot and fine hair obscission; Chlorophyll content is between 21.90~24.40SPAD, and the mass percent of total sugar content is between 6.14~7.02%, and the mass percent of total nitrogen content is between 1.40~1.80%.Lower two canopy blades meet such index and judge that then tobacco leaf is ripe, meet the harvesting requirement.
Embodiment 2:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose cigarette strain middle part tobacco leaf, the middle part tobacco leaf is from the bottom up several the 9th and the tenth tobacco leaves of cigarette strain, and being commonly called as the middle part tobacco leaf is tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured is carried out the detection of botany proterties, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen total sugar content:
(1) detect the botany shape:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose the middle part tobacco leaf as tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured is carried out botany character description and photo location.The testing result of the botany character description of tobacco leaf to be measured sees Table 2, according to table 2 can draw that middle part tobacco leaf botany proterties pays close attention to as if its leaf look, ripe spot, master pulse and offshoot situation of change.
Table 2. waist leaf botany proterties
Proterties | Qualitative, the quantitative description of proterties |
The leaf look | Blade tip is yellowish green, phyllopodium light green, yellowish green 6/10 of the one-piece blade that accounts for |
Leaf surface and cauline leaf angle | Fold, 48 degree |
Ripe spot | Blade tip and the ripe spot of leaf margin part are more, account for 5/10 of one-piece blade |
The master pulse color and luster | Bleach 7/10 |
The offshoot color and luster | Bleach 6/10 |
Fine hair | Fine hair partly bleaches, comes off |
The blade tip leaf margin | Blade tip, leaf margin are curling |
(2) detect chlorophyll content:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose at random three cigarette strains, and choose the middle part tobacco leaf as tobacco leaf to be measured.With tobacco leaf to be measured from leaf base toward leaf tip between the several the 5th and the 6th offshoot the phyllopodium of master pulse both sides get point (near master pulse 2cm), utilize Chlorophyll meter to detect, duplicate detection three times is got the mean value of detection.
Measurement result shows that the chlorophyll content of middle part tobacco leaf is respectively 26.6SPAD and 21.9SPAD, and chlorophyll content is between 21.81~27.52SPAD.
(3) detect total nitrogen, total sugar content
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose at random three cigarette strains, and choose the middle part tobacco leaf as tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured was completed under 105 ℃ 10 minutes, 40 ℃ of lower oven dry, pulverize, screen through 40 mesh sieves.
Measurement result is that the mass percent of the total sugar content of middle part tobacco leaf is respectively 5.53%, 5.03%, and the mass percent of total sugar content all is between 4.64~5.70%; The mass percent of the total nitrogen content of lower two canopy tobacco leaves is respectively 2.14%, 1.88%, and the mass percent of total nitrogen content all is between 1.70~2.22%.
Draw the judge index of degree of ripeness according to the testing result of above botany proterties to tobacco leaf to be measured, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen total sugar content: middle part tobacco leaf integral body is pistac, yellowish green 6 one-tenth of accounting for one-piece blade, ripe spot spreads all over blade tip and leaf margin, account for 5 one-tenth in blade, master pulse bleaches 7 one-tenth, offshoot bleaches 6 one-tenth, and fine hair has part to come off; Chlorophyll content is between 21.81~27.52SPAD, and the mass percent of total sugar content is between 4.64~5.70%, and the mass percent of total nitrogen content is between 1.70~2.22%.The middle part tobacco leaf meets such index and judges that then tobacco leaf is ripe, meets the harvesting requirement.
Embodiment 3:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose cigarette strain upper tobacco leaf, upper tobacco leaf is from the bottom up several the 14 and the 15 tobacco leaves of cigarette strain, and being commonly called as two canopy tobacco leaves is tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured is carried out the detection of botany proterties, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen total sugar content:
(1) detect the botany shape:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose two canopy tobacco leaves as tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured is carried out botany character description and photo location.The testing result of the botany character description of tobacco leaf to be measured sees Table 3, according to table 3 can draw that upper two canopy tobacco leaf botany proterties pay close attention to as if its leaf look, ripe spot, master pulse and offshoot intensity of variation, and the fine hair degree that comes off.
Two canopy tobacco leaf botany proterties on the table 3.
Proterties | Qualitative, the quantitative description of proterties |
The leaf look | The phyllopodium pale green, blade tip is yellowish green, yellowish greenly accounts for 5/10 |
Leaf surface and cauline leaf angle | Fold, 70 degree |
Ripe spot | Blade tip, leaf margin are many, account for 6/10 of one-piece blade |
The master pulse color and luster | Bleach 7/10 |
The offshoot color and luster | Bleach 7/10 |
Fine hair | Bleach, partly come off |
The blade tip leaf margin | Blade tip, leaf margin are curling |
(2) detect chlorophyll content:
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose at random three cigarette strains, and choose two canopy tobacco leaves as tobacco leaf to be measured.With tobacco leaf to be measured from leaf base toward leaf tip between the several the 5th and the 6th offshoot the phyllopodium of master pulse both sides get point (near master pulse 2cm), utilize Chlorophyll meter to detect, duplicate detection three times is got the mean value of detection.
Measurement result shows that the chlorophyll content of two canopy tobacco leaves is respectively 26.2SPAD and 25.9SPAD, the chlorophyll content indifference of two phyllopodium, and chlorophyll content is between 23.11~29.19SPAD.
(3) detect total nitrogen, total sugar content
Choose 25 consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, in the mature period collection, choose at random three cigarette strains, and choose two canopy tobacco leaves as tobacco leaf to be measured.Tobacco leaf to be measured was completed under 105 ℃ 10 minutes, 40 ℃ of lower oven dry, pulverize, screen through 40 mesh sieves.
Measurement result is that the mass percent of the total sugar content of lower two canopy tobacco leaves is respectively 4.58%, 4.66%, and the mass percent of total sugar content all is between 4.52~4.77%; The mass percent of the total nitrogen content of lower two canopy tobacco leaves is respectively 1.75%, 1.72%, and the mass percent of total nitrogen content all is between 2.39~2.61%.
Draw the judge index of degree of ripeness according to the testing result of above botany proterties to tobacco leaf to be measured, chlorophyll content and total nitrogen total sugar content: upper two canopy blades are pistac, yellow green accounts for 5 one-tenth of blade, ripe variegated leaf point and leaf margin are more, account for 6 one-tenth in blade, master pulse bleaches 7 one-tenth, offshoot bleaches 7 one-tenth, and fine hair has the part obscission; Chlorophyll content is between 23.11~29.19SPAD, and the mass percent of total sugar content is between 4.52~4.77%, and the mass percent of total nitrogen content is between 2.39~2.61%.Upper two canopy blades meet such index and judge that then tobacco leaf is ripe, meet the harvesting requirement.
The above only is preferred implementation of the present invention; should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a field Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is analyzed determination methods, it is characterized in that, tobacco leaf to be measured is detected that Detection of content comprises detection botany proterties, detects chlorophyll content and detects the total nitrogen total sugar content, touch the mark such as testing result and to judge that then tobacco leaf is ripe, meet the harvesting requirement.
2. field according to claim 1 Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is analyzed determination methods, it is characterized in that described detection botany proterties may further comprise the steps:
(101) choose some of the consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, the cigarette strain is divided into bottom, middle part and top, gather the blade at each position as tobacco leaf to be measured;
(102) index of the tobacco leaf to be measured of bottom is: leaf look pale green, blade tip, leaf margin slightly are yellow, and the master pulse color and luster 3-4 that bleaches becomes, and the offshoot 2-3 that bleaches becomes, without ripe spot and fine hair obscission;
(103) index of tobacco leaf to be measured at middle part is: blade tip is yellowish green, and the phyllopodium light green yellowish greenly accounts for 4-5, and the master pulse 6-7 that bleaches becomes, and the offshoot 5-6 that bleaches becomes, and ripe spot uneven distribution accounts for 5-6, and the part fine hair bleaches, comes off, and blade tip, leaf margin are curling;
(104) index of the tobacco leaf to be measured on top is: blade tip is yellowish green, the phyllopodium pale green, and the yellowish green 6-7 that accounts for becomes, and the master pulse 7-8 that bleaches becomes, the offshoot 7-8 that bleaches becomes, ripe spot skewness, and blade tip, leaf margin are more, integral body accounts for 6-7 and becomes, and the part fine hair bleaches, comes off, and blade tip, leaf margin are curling.
(105) testing result such as bottom, middle part and the top of tobacco leaf to be measured all meets above index, judges that then the botany proterties is up to standard.
3. field according to claim 1 Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is analyzed determination methods, it is characterized in that described detection chlorophyll content may further comprise the steps:
(201) choose some of the consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, the cigarette strain is divided into bottom, middle part and top, gather the blade at each position as tobacco leaf to be measured;
(202) respectively with the tobacco leaf to be measured on bottom, middle part and top from leaf base toward leaf tip between the several the 5th and the 6th offshoot the phyllopodium of master pulse both sides get a little, utilize Chlorophyll meter to detect, duplicate detection three times is got the mean value of detection;
(203) meet index such as the mean value that detects, judge that then chlorophyll content is up to standard.
4. field according to claim 3 Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is analyzed determination methods, and it is characterized in that the scope that described chlorophyll content is up to standard: lower tobacco leaf chlorophyll content scope up to standard is 21.90~24.40SPAD; Tobacco leaf chlorophyll content scope up to standard in middle part is 21.81~27.52SPAD; Upper tobacco leaf chlorophyll content scope up to standard is 23.11~29.19SPAD.
5. field according to claim 1 Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is analyzed determination methods, it is characterized in that described detection total nitrogen total sugar content may further comprise the steps:
(301) choose some of the consistent cigarette strains of field growing way, the cigarette strain is divided into bottom, middle part and top, gather the blade at each position as tobacco leaf to be measured;
(302) respectively the tobacco leaf to be measured on bottom, middle part and top was completed under 105 ℃ 10 minutes, 40 ℃ of lower oven dry, pulverize, screen through 40 mesh sieves;
(303) carry out the detection of total nitrogen total sugar content through the tobacco leaf picking to be measured after step (302) processing with conventional method, duplicate detection three times is got the mean value of detection.
6. field according to claim 1 Maturity of Tobacco Leaf is analyzed determination methods, it is characterized in that, described detection total nitrogen total sugar content scope up to standard: lower tobacco leaf total nitrogen content mass percent scope up to standard is 1.40~1.80%, and lower tobacco leaf total sugar content mass percent scope up to standard is 6.14~7.02%; Tobacco leaf total nitrogen content mass percent scope up to standard in middle part is 1.70~2.22%, and tobacco leaf total sugar content mass percent scope up to standard in middle part is 4.64~5.70%; Upper tobacco leaf total nitrogen content mass percent scope up to standard is 2.39~2.61%, the mass percent scope 4.52~4.77% that the upper tobacco leaf total sugar content is up to standard.
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