CN103245625A - Method for nondestructive detection on maturity of fresh flue-cured tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Method for nondestructive detection on maturity of fresh flue-cured tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN103245625A CN103245625A CN2013101956978A CN201310195697A CN103245625A CN 103245625 A CN103245625 A CN 103245625A CN 2013101956978 A CN2013101956978 A CN 2013101956978A CN 201310195697 A CN201310195697 A CN 201310195697A CN 103245625 A CN103245625 A CN 103245625A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for nondestructive detection on maturity of fresh flue-cured tobacco leaves. The method is characterized in that before field flue-cured tobacco leaves are mature and harvested, 10-20 tobaccos are randomly selected in tobacco fields with consistent transplanting time and cultivation management measures, the relative value (i.e., SPAD (Soil and Plant Analyzer Development) value) of chlorophyll content of 1-3 leaves to be picked from bottom to top is measured by a chlorophyll meter, an included angle between the stem and the leaf stalk of each leaf is measured by a protractor, and then, the maturity of the tobacco leaves is determined according to the measured values. Compared with the prior art, the method can be used for judging the maturity of the field flue-cured tobacco leaves accurately and systematically, is clear in index, has objective judgment indexes, can quantify the maturity of tobacco leaves and reduce the loss caused by human organoleptic errors, and is easy to operate and grasp. When the method is used for flue-cured tobacco harvesting and curing, the flue-cured tobacco leaves are good in color and chromaticity, and the comprehensive quality of the tobacco leaves is improved, and the method is suitable for flue-cured tobacco planting industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to by the method for utilizing the change color detection material, particularly the detection method of fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco maturity.
Background technology
Degree of ripeness has reflected the Degradation and Transformation degree of tobacco leaf development condition and inherent material, to tobacco leaf physical chemistry with suck characteristic significant effects is arranged, is the core of quality of tobacco competition.It is the necessary condition that obtains sound tobacco that maturation is gathered, and is prerequisite and the guarantee that improves tobacco leaf usability.On January 5th, 1993, Zhu's honor power once advised adding that with the growing way appearance concept of time judges field tobacco leaf degree of ripeness in national leaf tobacco production purchase meeting, namely should reach certain ripeness standard in what period.
The U.S. adopts plucks tobacco sample in advance 1 week and carries out chemical composition analysis and judge whether tobacco leaf is ripe; Zimbabwe adopts the quantizating index of the ripe colour picture color of tobacco leaf, barn test and drawer test; China has the people to adopt the method for colorimetric card colorimetric to judge (seeing Chinese patent No. 201220189553.2 " flue-cured tobacco upper leaf degree of ripeness colorimetric card "); The somebody utilizes features such as flue-cured tobacco blade conductivity, cane sugar content, free proline content and institutional framework diagnosis, cauline leaf corner dimension, reflectance spectrum to judge the tobacco leaf degree of ripeness, (sees China; Huo Kailing, fresh tobacco leaf baking property Research Progress in Influencing Factors, hubei agricultural science, 2010; Li Folin etc., the quantification of fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco degree of ripeness, tobacco science and technology, 2007).The patent that relates to the detection of tobacco leaf maturity in the Chinese patent database also has two of CN202110131U number " tobacco leaf degree of ripeness pick-up unit ", CN102323221A number " tobacco leaf degree of ripeness detection method and pick-up unit ", disclosed detection method and device are the images that collecting unit obtains tobacco leaf to be detected, and this image handled to set up or be converted to the image of hsv color pattern, and obtain H, the S color component value of image; Go out the degree of ripeness grade MD of tobacco leaf to be detected according to given calculated with mathematical model.Be not difficult to find out that this method need be drawn great amount of images, workload is big, and still has the collimation error.
SPAD502 chlorophyll instrument is the instrument of a mensuration plant leaf blade chlorophyll content.This instrument can be measured needed chlorophyll test value in 2 times in second, i.e. the SPAD value.SPAD chlorophyll instrument is assessed the chlorophyllous relative content in the current leaf by measuring leaf to the absorptivity in two wavelength period, and precision is controlled in ± 1.0 SPAD values, and to not injury of live plant.At present, the chlorophyll meter method be in the agricultural production received field fast, a kind of effective means of on-the-spot, the relative chlorophyll content of live body non-destructive monitoring blade, chlorophyll meter successfully has been applied to paddy rice, wheat, corn, soya bean, lettuce, cotton, potatoes and other crops at present.Someone chooses chlorophyll content relative value (SPAD) as the discriminant criterion of fresh tobacco leaf degree of ripeness, and set up the chlorophyll meter reading model TMDSPADV of tobacco leaf degree of ripeness, the identification and classification of this model and the degree of ripeness of priori classification coincidence rate are that 91%(sees Li Folin etc., the quantification of fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco degree of ripeness, tobacco science and technology, 2007).Chinese patent application part CN102183617A number " a kind of method of measuring the cured tobacco leaf harvest maturity " discloses with the chlorophyll instrument and has measured from the cigarette strain upper leaf down the 1st, the 3 5th or the 6th leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) mean value of number respectively, when mean value is 20～30, disposablely adopts roasting upper tobacco leaf and carry out the field and gather as meeting.What this method was measured is the mean value of upper tobacco leaf, for the detection of cigarette strain complete stool tobacco leaf be not sufficiently complete, not really accurate.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of lossless detection method of fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco maturity, according to field different cultivars flue-cured tobacco different parts tobacco leaf chlorophyll degradation degree and content thereof, system and refinement tobacco leaf maturity quantize harvesting standard.
To achieve these goals, the lossless detection method that the inventor provides is before land for growing field crops cured tobacco leaf maturation is gathered, from the transplanting phase vega consistent with the cultivation management measure, select 10～20 strain cigarettes at random, measure from the bottom up 1～3 respectively with the chlorophyll instrument and treat picking leaves sheet chlorophyll content relative value (SPAD value), with the angle of protractor measurement stem and petiole, determine the maturity of tobacco leaf again according to the numerical value of measuring:
For the bottom leaf: the SPAD value less than 17.0 be overdone tobacco leaf; The SPAD value is the complete ripeness tobacco leaf between 17.0～23.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf between 23.0～29.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf still between 29.0～32.0; The SPAD value is the undercure tobacco leaf between 32.0～34.0; The SPAD value greater than 34.0 be underdone tobacco leaf;
For middle leaf: the SPAD value less than 10.0 be overdone tobacco leaf; The SPAD value is the complete ripeness tobacco leaf between 10.0～18.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf between 18.0～27.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf still between 27.0～30.0; The SPAD value is the undercure tobacco leaf between 30.0～34.0; The SPAD value greater than 34.0 be underdone tobacco leaf;
For upper leaf: the SPAD value less than 9.0 be overdone tobacco leaf; The SPAD value is the complete ripeness tobacco leaf between 9.0～16.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf between 16.0～26.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf still between 26.0～29.0; The SPAD value is the undercure tobacco leaf between 29.0～33.0; The SPAD value greater than 33.0 be underdone tobacco leaf;
Top, middle part, bottom differing maturity flue-cured tobacco cauline leaf angle are: the cauline leaf angle is underdone tobacco leaf less than 35.0 ° tobacco leaf; The tobacco leaf of cauline leaf angle between 35.0 °～40.0 ° is the undercure tobacco leaf; The tobacco leaf of cauline leaf angle between 40.0 °～45.0 ° is ripe tobacco leaf still; The tobacco leaf of cauline leaf angle between 45.0 °～52.0 ° is ripe tobacco leaf; The tobacco leaf of cauline leaf angle between 52.0 °～65.0 ° is the complete ripeness tobacco leaf; The cauline leaf angle is overdone tobacco leaf greater than 65.0 ° tobacco leaf.
Above-mentioned when beginning to utilize SPAD chlorophyll instrument and protractor to judge the tobacco leaf degree of ripeness for the bottom leaf, must carry out in suitable grown in field period and leaf age time period, concrete optimum range is: bottom Ye Yeling 50～65 days, namely transplanted the back 60～75 days; Middle leaf leaf age 60～75 days was namely transplanted the back 85～100 days; Upper leaf leaf age 70～90 days was namely transplanted the back 105～125 days.
In the above-mentioned SPAD pH-value determination pH operation, every leaf should select to survey 6 points, and namely the leaf tip of master pulse both sides, middle part and leaf base apart from limb edge 1～2 cm, are avoided blade master offshoot, get the mean value of its mensuration then.When measuring the cauline leaf angle, the protractor fixed edge is parallel with cigarette strain stem, and protractor slidably limit is parallel with petiole base.
The inventor points out: when same position tobacco leaf meets the demands in SPAD value, cauline leaf angle and ripe suitable time simultaneously, could judge that this blade is mature leaf.Other maturity of tobacco leaf are judged similarly.The data of above-mentioned SPAD mean value are the empirical datas that draws according to people's long-term practice.
The present invention compared with prior art can be accurately, system judges the ripe situation of land for growing field crops tobacco leaf, and the assay method index is clear and definite, has objective judge index, can quantize the tobacco leaf degree of ripeness, reduces the loss that the sense organ error because of the people causes, and operates easily and grasp.Adopt this method to carry out the flue-cured tobacco picking and roasting, cured tobacco leaf color, colourity are good, and integrated quality improves.Be applicable to the tobacco planting industry.
Embodiment
Embodiment
Carried out the test of gathering of different cultivars cured tobacco leaf degree of ripeness in 2012 in base, Guizhou Province Tabacco Science and Technology Institute, Fuquan City, Guizhou Province, for accurately judging the tobacco leaf maturity, the operation of refinement picking and roasting utilizes chlorophyll instrument and protractor to treat and adopts the tobacco leaf fast detecting.At first, determine that tobacco leaf is in ripe suitable time.Middle leaf leaf age 60～75 days was namely transplanted the back 85～100 days.Get 20 strain cigarettes, measuring the leaf position from the bottom up is the 8th～10, and every leaf selects to survey 6 points, be leaf tip, middle part and the leaf base of master pulse both sides, apart from limb edge 1～2 cm, avoid blade master offshoot, record SPAD mean value and be respectively 25.6,27.8,30.8, blade is undercure slightly.After 4～5 days, the SPAD mean value of Ce Lianging is respectively 23.1,25.4,26.5 again, all within the suitable value scope of maturation.Simultaneously, measure the cauline leaf angle, the 7th～9 leaf is respectively 50,48,46, all within optimum range.Adopt roastingly according to the method, the cured tobacco leaf good smoke rate is adopted bake mode than routine and is improved 6.32%, and average price improves 0.75%, and the tobacco leaf presentation quality improves, and oeverall quality obviously improves.
Claims (4)
1. the lossless detection method of a fresh tobacco leaf of flue-cured tobacco maturity, it is characterized in that before land for growing field crops cured tobacco leaf maturation is gathered, from the transplanting phase vega consistent with the cultivation management measure, select 10～20 strain cigarettes at random, measure from the bottom up 1～3 respectively with the chlorophyll instrument and treat that picking leaves sheet chlorophyll content relative value is the SPAD value, with the angle of protractor measurement stem and petiole, determine the maturity of tobacco leaf again according to the numerical value of measuring:
For the bottom leaf: the SPAD value less than 17.0 be overdone tobacco leaf; The SPAD value is the complete ripeness tobacco leaf between 17.0～23.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf between 23.0～29.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf still between 29.0～32.0; The SPAD value is the undercure tobacco leaf between 32.0～34.0; The SPAD value greater than 34.0 be underdone tobacco leaf;
For middle leaf: the SPAD value less than 10.0 be overdone tobacco leaf; The SPAD value is the complete ripeness tobacco leaf between 10.0～18.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf between 18.0～27.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf still between 27.0～30.0; The SPAD value is the undercure tobacco leaf between 30.0～34.0; The SPAD value greater than 34.0 be underdone tobacco leaf;
For upper leaf: the SPAD value less than 9.0 be overdone tobacco leaf; The SPAD value is the complete ripeness tobacco leaf between 9.0～16.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf between 16.0～26.0; The SPAD value is ripe tobacco leaf still between 26.0～29.0; The SPAD value is the undercure tobacco leaf between 29.0～33.0; The SPAD value greater than 33.0 be underdone tobacco leaf;
Top, middle part, bottom differing maturity flue-cured tobacco cauline leaf angle are: the cauline leaf angle is underdone tobacco leaf less than 35.0 ° tobacco leaf; The tobacco leaf of cauline leaf angle between 35.0 °～40.0 ° is the undercure tobacco leaf; The tobacco leaf of cauline leaf angle between 40.0 °～45.0 ° is ripe tobacco leaf still; The tobacco leaf of cauline leaf angle between 45.0 °～52.0 ° is ripe tobacco leaf; The tobacco leaf of cauline leaf angle between 52.0 °～65.0 ° is the complete ripeness tobacco leaf; The cauline leaf angle is overdone tobacco leaf greater than 65.0 ° tobacco leaf.
2. the method for claim 1, it is characterized in that described when beginning to utilize SPAD chlorophyll instrument and protractor to judge the tobacco leaf degree of ripeness for the bottom leaf, must carry out in suitable grown in field period and leaf age time period, concrete optimum range is: bottom Ye Yeling 50～65 days, namely transplanted the back 60～75 days; Middle leaf leaf age 60～75 days was namely transplanted the back 85～100 days; Upper leaf leaf age 70～90 days was namely transplanted the back 105～120 days.
3. the method for claim 1 is characterized in that every leaf should select to survey 6 points in the described SPAD pH-value determination pH operation, be leaf tip, middle part and the leaf base of master pulse both sides, apart from limb edge 1～2 cm, avoid blade master offshoot, get the mean value of its mensuration then.
4. when measuring the cauline leaf angle, the protractor fixed edge is parallel with cigarette strain stem, and protractor slidably limit is parallel with petiole base.
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103499526A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-08 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for judging tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking progress in tobacco backing and yellowing stage |
| CN103760111A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-30 | 安徽省烟草公司池州市公司 | Tobacco leaf picking monitoring method |
| CN104568771A (en) * | 2014-12-21 | 2015-04-29 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Economical, portable and efficient grading method for maturity of fresh tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN106501185A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of method for rapidly judging of ripe cured tobacco leaf |
| CN107211650A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-29 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of tobacco leaf picking method and its application |
| CN112213451A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-12 | 华南农业大学 | Nondestructive testing method for maturity of pseudobulb of dendrobium nobile and application thereof |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103499526A (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2014-01-08 | 贵州省烟草科学研究院 | Method for judging tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking progress in tobacco backing and yellowing stage |
| CN103760111A (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2014-04-30 | 安徽省烟草公司池州市公司 | Tobacco leaf picking monitoring method |
| CN103760111B (en) * | 2014-01-14 | 2017-01-04 | 安徽省烟草公司池州市公司 | tobacco leaf picking monitoring method |
| CN104568771A (en) * | 2014-12-21 | 2015-04-29 | 云南省烟草公司昆明市公司 | Economical, portable and efficient grading method for maturity of fresh tobacco leaves of flue-cured tobaccos |
| CN106501185A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 云南省烟草农业科学研究院 | A kind of method for rapidly judging of ripe cured tobacco leaf |
| CN107211650A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-29 | 广东中烟工业有限责任公司 | A kind of tobacco leaf picking method and its application |
| CN112213451A (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2021-01-12 | 华南农业大学 | Nondestructive testing method for maturity of pseudobulb of dendrobium nobile and application thereof |
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Application publication date: 20130814 |