CN103499526A - Method for judging tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking progress in tobacco backing and yellowing stage - Google Patents
Method for judging tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking progress in tobacco backing and yellowing stage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting and judging the tobacco leaf yellowing degree and the baking progress in a tobacco baking and yellowing stage. The method comprises the following steps of placing representative tobacco leaves into a sampling window when the tobacco leaves are baked and packaged; measuring color indexes of 10 representative tobacco leaves extracted from the sampling window through a colorimeter in need of judging the yellowing degree of the tobacco leaves in the tobacco leaf yellowing stage, measuring the chlorophyll content, the carotenoid content and a ratio of the chlorophyll content to the carotenoid content at the same time, and taking average values. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the problem that definite indexes and a measuring method for the tobacco leaf yellowing degree and the baking progress of the tobacco baking and yellowing stage are always deficient is solved. According to the method, the indexes are definite; objective judgment indexes are obtained; the baking progress can be quantized; the error caused by vision is alleviated. Tobaccos are monitored by the method, and the colors of the baked tobacco leaves are uniform and consistent; the comprehensive quality is improved; the tobacco leaf baking quality can be improved. The method is suitable for tobacco enterprises.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to by the method for utilizing appearance color and inherent pigment content variation detection material, the particularly determination methods of baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process.
Background technology
In bake process, the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is one of key index of judgement baking of flue-cured tobacco process.At present, tobacco leaf variable condition and yellowing degree in the baking of flue-cured tobacco process, mainly, by people's sense organ and micro-judgment, lack quantizating index, and error is larger.In the baking of flue-cured tobacco process, people mainly judge the yellowing degree of tobacco leaf by tobacco leaf flavescence area and flavescence feature.Leaf color is one of important indicator of judgement tobacco leaf flavescence feature, but is subject to the impact of people's subjective factor.Therefore, only rely on people's visual perception to judge tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process, exist to a certain extent instability problem.People's unicity subjective judgement easily causes the inconsistent of baking criterion, reduces baking quality of tobacco.At present, domestic have by technical scheme (No. 201310196080.8, the Chinese patent of SPAD value detection tobacco leaf yellowing degree; Name is called the detection method of tobacco leaf yellowing degree in a kind of baking of flue-cured tobacco process), the method mainly judges the tobacco leaf yellowing degree by the minimizing of chlorophyll relative content, but lower at flavescence middle and later periods chlorophyll relative content, and carotenoid content is relatively high; The SPAD instrument detects the restriction that chlorophyll relative content is subject to the instrument self-ability, in the flavescence middle and later periods, exists identification capability low, exceeds the problem of threshold value.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the detection method of a kind of baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process, the method adopts portable colour difference meter to detect in conjunction with tobacco leaf pigment content and ratio in judgement tobacco leaf yellowing degree thereof, and judgement tobacco leaf yellowing stage scope and baking process have been provided, to solve, in the baking of flue-cured tobacco process, the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is without the difficult problem of clear and definite index and assay method, and clear and definite baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage toasts the problem of process.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the determination methods of baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process is when baking of flue-cured tobacco dress cigarette, selects representational tobacco leaf to be placed in sampling window; When the tobacco leaf changing yellow stage need to judge the tobacco leaf yellowing degree, get 10, representational tobacco leaf from sampling window, measure the leaf color index with colour difference meter, measure chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and ratio thereof simultaneously, get its mean value, take 0～1 one-tenth yellow, 2～3 one-tenths yellow, 4～5 one-tenths Huang, 6～7 one-tenth Huangs, 8～9 one-tenth Huangs is main detection-phase with 9～10 one-tenth Huangs; When the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is 0～3 one-tenth Huangs, be defined as flavescence in earlier stage; When the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is 4～7 one-tenth when yellow, be defined as flavescence mid-term; When the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is 8～10 one-tenth Huangs, be defined as the flavescence later stage.
The determination methods of above-mentioned baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process is, colour difference meter is measured the leaf color index and is, colour measurement L*a*b*C*h* index of correlation is set, and L* is brightness value: from deceiving in vain, mean brightness, 0～100; A* is red scale value: from green to red, and-A～+ A; B* is yellow value degree: from indigo plant to the Huang, and-B～+ B; C* means chroma; H* means hue angle; Then measure tobacco leaf; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 38.0～54.8, a* value is between-15.0～-7.8, and b* value is between 25.0～43.0 the time, and C* value is between 28.0～44.0 the time, and the h* value is between 101.4～115.0 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 0～1 one-tenth Huang; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 54.8～61.5, a* value is between-7.8～-3.3, and b* value is between 43.0～50.8 the time, and C* value is between 44.0～51.1 the time, and the h* value is between 94.3～101.4 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 2～3 one-tenth Huangs; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 61.5～65.4, a* value is between-3.3～0.0, and b* value is between 50.8～53.1 the time, and C* value is between 51.1～53.4 the time, and the h* value is between 90.3～94.3 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 4～5 one-tenth Huangs; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 65.4～67.6, a* value is between 0.0～3.4, and b* value is between 53.1～54.4 the time, and C* value is between 53.4～54.8 the time, and the h* value is between 86.5～90.3 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 6～7 one-tenth Huangs; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 65.0～72.0, a* value is between 3.4～7.0, and b* value is between 51.0～60.0 the time, and C* value is between 52.0～61.0 the time, and the h* value is between 81.5～87.0 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 8～9 one-tenth Huangs; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 60.0～80.0, a* value is between 7.0～16.0, and b* value is between 40.0～65.0 the time, and C* value is between 40.0～65.0 the time, and the h* value is between 66.0～87.0 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 9～10 one-tenth Huangs.
The determination methods of aforesaid baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process is, the concrete grammar of measuring chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and ratio thereof is, get 3, representative tobacco leaf from sampling window, get leaf tip, middle part and the leaf base blade of master pulse both sides blade central authorities, avoid blade master offshoot, shred, mix, utilize 95% ethanol or 80% acetone organic solvent to extract, be determined at the absorbance of 470 nm, 649 nm and 665nm wavelength; Simultaneously, utilize the oven drying method that completes to measure moisture content in leaves content, unit of account dry weight leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content and ratio thereof, repeat 3 times, and averaged, and pigment content unit is mg/g DW; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.71～1.60, carotenoid content is between 0.25～0.30, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 2.80～3.50 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 0～1 one-tenths Huang in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.36～0.71, carotenoid content is between 0.18～0.25, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 2.00～2.80 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 2～3 one-tenths Huangs in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.19～0.36, carotenoid content is between 0.13～0.18, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 1.40～2.00 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 4～5 one-tenths Huangs in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.12～0.19, carotenoid content is between 0.11～0.13, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 1.12～1.44 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 6～7 one-tenths Huangs in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.08～0.12, carotenoid content is between 0.08～0.11, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 0.75～1.12 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 8～9 one-tenths Huangs in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.00～0.08, carotenoid content is between 0.01～0.08, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 0.05～0.75 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 9～10 one-tenths Huangs in definition.
The determination methods of aforesaid baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process is that the model of portable colour difference meter is CR-410 or CR-400 or CR-10.
The determination methods of aforesaid baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process is, measure in the operation of leaf color, every leaf should select to survey 6 points, it is the centre position of leaf tip, middle part and the leaf base of master pulse both sides half vane, avoid blade master offshoot, then get the mean value of its mensuration.
Aforesaid baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and the baking process determination methods be, as long as L*a*b*C*h* color value index has 3 indexs in the value region scope, pigment have 2 indexs at the regional level in, just can judge the tobacco leaf yellowing degree.
The determination methods of aforesaid baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process is, when color value index and pigment index judgement existence conflict, with the judgement of color value index, to be as the criterion; For numerical value, not in this regional extent the time, with nearby principle, judge.
Detecting tobacco leaf yellowing degree baking time scope starts to starting rear 85 h for baking.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The inventive method has solved the difficult problem that tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process in the baking of flue-cured tobacco process do not have clear and definite quantizating index and assay method; This method index is clear and definite, has objective judge index, can quantize the baking process, and the sense organ reduced because of the people judges the error caused, and easily operates and grasps.Simultaneously, this method, for research work provides a kind of thinking, is conducive to carrying out of baking of flue-cured tobacco research work.Adopt this law monitoring flue-cured tobacco, cured tobacco leaf color uniformity, gloss and oil content are good, and quality of tobacco improves.The method index is clear and definite, has objective criterion, easily operates and grasps, and more can accurately judge tobacco leaf intensity of variation and baking process, reduces the error that vision causes, and improves baking quality of tobacco.
The know-why of inventor's supplying method is that judgement tobacco leaf yellowing degree, quantize the baking process according to baking of flue-cured tobacco process Determination of Chlorophyll and carotenoid content and ratio and the variation of tobacco leaf appearance color.Because the correlativity of tobacco leaf color parameter and pigment content is obvious, tobacco leaf color is mainly by leaf inner chlorophyll and carotenoid content and ratio decision thereof.Tobacco leaf inner chlorophyll content is higher, and the yellow tobacco leaves degree is just lower.The color value of above-mentioned different yellowing degree tobacco leaves and pigment content detected value are the empirical values of long-term practice.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is that the tobacco leaf yellowing degree detects tobacco leaf site schematic diagram, and wherein stain is that portable colour difference meter measuring point or pigment content are measured sampling spot.
Fig. 2 is color value and 0～1 one-tenth tobacco leaf graph of a relation.
Fig. 3 is color value and 2～3 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Fig. 4 is color value and 4～5 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Fig. 5 is color value and 6～7 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Fig. 6 is color value and 8～9 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Fig. 7 is color value and 9～10 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Fig. 8 is pigment desired value and 0～1 one-tenth tobacco leaf graph of a relation.
Fig. 9 is pigment desired value and 2～3 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Figure 10 is pigment desired value and 4～5 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Figure 11 is pigment desired value and 6～7 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Figure 12 is pigment desired value and 8～9 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Figure 13 is pigment desired value and 9～10 one-tenth tobacco leaf graphs of a relation.
Annotate: the α in Fig. 8～13 means chlorophyll content (mg/g DW), β representation class carotene carotene content (mg/g DW), and γ means the ratio of chlorophyll/carotenoid content.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Within 2011-2012 years, in barn base, Fuquan City, Guizhou Province Tabacco Science and Technology Institute, carried out the baking of flue-cured tobacco test, for accurately determining tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process in bake process, refinement baking operation, in tobacco leaf flavescence process, sampling is 10, utilizes the colour difference meter fast detecting.Every leaf should select to survey 6 points, and the centre position of the leaf tip of master pulse both sides half vane, middle part and leaf base, avoid blade master offshoot, then gets the mean value of its mensuration.The mean value that 10 tobacco leaves record L*a*b*C*h* is 65.2,0.2,53.6,53.8,90.7, and these group data have 3 in 6～7 one-tenth yellow value region, has 2 numerical value to approach, and yellowing degree is defined as 6～7 one-tenths Huangs; Get 3 and record pigment content and the average of relatives value is 0.13,0.11,1.10, have 2 in 6～7 one-tenth yellow value region, have 1 numerical value to approach, yellowing degree is defined as 6～7 one-tenths Huangs, basically identical with the color detection conclusion.Toast operation according to this yellowing degree, the first-class cigarette of cured tobacco leaf improves 4.52%, and the tobacco leaf presentation quality improves, and oeverall quality obviously improves.
embodiment 2
Within 2013, in barn base, dragon hilllock, Guizhou Province Tabacco Science and Technology Institute, carried out flue-cured tobacco (kinds such as K326, No. 1, Bi Na, No. 3, expensive No. 2 Yan,Nan rivers, No. 2, leek level ground) tobacco flue-curing test.In bake process, the sampling of tobacco leaf yellowing stage is 10, utilize the colour difference meter fast detecting, the mean value that records 10 tobacco leaf L*a*b*C*h* is 59.5 ,-4.9,49.6,50.1,96.0, and all numerical value all, in 2～3 one-tenth yellow regional value scopes, defines yellowing degree yellow at 2～3 one-tenth; Record chlorophyll, carotenoid content and average of relatives value thereof is 0.46,0.20,2.33 simultaneously, and all numerical value is all in 2～3 one-tenth yellow regional value scopes, and defining the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is 2～3 one-tenth Huangs; The two judgement is basically identical.Toast operation according to the method, the first-class cigarette of cured tobacco leaf improves 6.24%, and the tobacco leaf presentation quality improves, and oeverall quality obviously improves.
embodiment 3
Within 2013, in Long Gang barn base, Kaiyang, Guizhou Province Tabacco Science and Technology Institute, carried out flue-cured tobacco baking oven tobacco flue-curing test.In bake process, the sampling of tobacco leaf yellowing stage, utilize the colour difference meter fast detecting, and detect tobacco leaf pigment content and ratio thereof.Toast operation according to the determination data result, result, the first-class cigarette of cured tobacco leaf improves 3.28%, and the tobacco leaf exterior quality improves, and oeverall quality significantly improves.
Through the expert, to the technical appraisement of this baking of flue-cured tobacco, the determination data result is consistent with the cured tobacco leaf yellowing degree.
Claims (8)
1. the determination methods of a baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree and baking process, it is characterized in that: the method is when baking of flue-cured tobacco dress cigarette, selects representational tobacco leaf to be placed in sampling window; When the tobacco leaf changing yellow stage need to judge the tobacco leaf yellowing degree, get 10, representational tobacco leaf from sampling window, measure the leaf color index with colour difference meter, measure chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and ratio thereof simultaneously, get its mean value, take 0～1 one-tenth yellow, 2～3 one-tenths yellow, 4～5 one-tenths Huang, 6～7 one-tenth Huangs, 8～9 one-tenth Huangs is main detection-phase with 9～10 one-tenth Huangs; When the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is 0～3 one-tenth Huangs, be defined as flavescence in earlier stage; When the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is 4～7 one-tenth when yellow, be defined as flavescence mid-term; When the tobacco leaf yellowing degree is 8～10 one-tenth Huangs, be defined as the flavescence later stage.
Baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree according to claim 1 and the baking process determination methods, it is characterized in that: colour difference meter is measured the leaf color index and is, colour measurement L*a*b*C*h* index of correlation is set, in described L*a*b*C*h* index, L* is brightness value: from deceiving in vain, mean brightness, 0～100; A* is red scale value: from green to red, and-A～+ A; B* is yellow value degree: from indigo plant to the Huang, and-B～+ B; C* means chroma; H* means hue angle; Then measure tobacco leaf; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 38.0～54.8, a* value is between-15.0～-7.8, and b* value is between 25.0～43.0 the time, and C* value is between 28.0～44.0 the time, and the h* value is between 101.4～115.0 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 0～1 one-tenth Huang; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 54.8～61.5, a* value is between-7.8～-3.3, and b* value is between 43.0～50.8 the time, and C* value is between 44.0～51.1 the time, and the h* value is between 94.3～101.4 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 2～3 one-tenth Huangs; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 61.5～65.4, a* value is between-3.3～0.0, and b* value is between 50.8～53.1 the time, and C* value is between 51.1～53.4 the time, and the h* value is between 90.3～94.3 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 4～5 one-tenth Huangs; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 65.4～67.6, a* value is between 0.0～3.4, and b* value is between 53.1～54.4 the time, and C* value is between 53.4～54.8 the time, and the h* value is between 86.5～90.3 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 6～7 one-tenth Huangs; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 65.0～72.0, a* value is between 3.4～7.0, and b* value is between 51.0～60.0 the time, and C* value is between 52.0～61.0 the time, and the h* value is between 81.5～87.0 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 8～9 one-tenth Huangs; As the tobacco leaf color value L* measured, between 60.0～80.0, a* value is between 7.0～16.0, and b* value is between 40.0～65.0 the time, and C* value is between 40.0～65.0 the time, and the h* value is between 66.0～87.0 the time, and defining the detection tobacco leaf is 9～10 one-tenth Huangs.
Baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree according to claim 2 and the baking process determination methods, it is characterized in that: the concrete grammar of measuring chlorophyll content, carotenoid content and ratio thereof is, get 3, representative tobacco leaf from sampling window, get leaf tip, middle part and the leaf base blade of master pulse both sides blade central authorities, avoid blade master offshoot, shred, mix, utilize 95% ethanol or 80% acetone organic solvent to extract, be determined at the absorbance of 470 nm, 649 nm and 665nm wavelength; Simultaneously, utilize the oven drying method that completes to measure moisture content in leaves content, unit of account dry weight leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid content and ratio thereof, repeat 3 times, and averaged, and pigment content unit is mg/g DW; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.71～1.60, carotenoid content is between 0.25～0.30, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 2.80～3.50 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 0～1 one-tenths Huang in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.36～0.71, carotenoid content is between 0.18～0.25, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 2.00～2.80 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 2～3 one-tenths Huangs in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.19～0.36, carotenoid content is between 0.13～0.18, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 1.40～2.00 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 4～5 one-tenths Huangs in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.12～0.19, carotenoid content is between 0.11～0.13, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 1.12～1.44 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 6～7 one-tenths Huangs in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.08～0.12, carotenoid content is between 0.08～0.11, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 0.75～1.12 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 8～9 one-tenths Huangs in definition; When the tobacco leaf chlorophyll content of measuring, between 0.00～0.08, carotenoid content is between 0.01～0.08, and chlorophyll/carotenoid value is between 0.05～0.75 the time, and to detect tobacco leaf be 9～10 one-tenths Huangs in definition.
Baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree according to claim 1 and 2 and the baking process determination methods, it is characterized in that: the model of portable colour difference meter is CR-410 or CR-400 or CR-10.
Baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree according to claim 2 and the baking process determination methods, it is characterized in that: measure in the operation of leaf color, every leaf should select to survey 6 points, it is the centre position of leaf tip, middle part and the leaf base of master pulse both sides half vane, avoid blade master offshoot, then get the mean value of its mensuration.
Baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree according to claim 3 and the baking process determination methods, it is characterized in that: as long as L*a*b*C*h* color value index has 3 indexs in the value region scope, pigment have 2 indexs at the regional level in, just can judge the tobacco leaf yellowing degree.
7. the determination methods of baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree according to claim 6 and baking process, is characterized in that: when color value index and pigment index judgement existence conflict, with the judgement of color value index, be as the criterion; For numerical value, not in this regional extent the time, with nearby principle, judge.
8. the determination methods of baking of flue-cured tobacco changing yellow stage tobacco leaf yellowing degree according to claim 1 and baking process is characterized in that: generally, detect tobacco leaf yellowing degree baking time scope at the tobacco leaf changing yellow stage and start for baking to after starting 85 hours.
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| CN104914720A (en) * | 2015-04-16 | 2015-09-16 | 贵州省烟草公司遵义市公司 | Electronic nose intelligent baking control system having automatic learning function and control method |
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| CN106442788B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-10-19 | 中国烟草总公司郑州烟草研究院 | The method of discrimination of fresh tobacco leaves sample quality in a kind of tobacco metabolism group based on pigment |
| CN111323379A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-06-23 | 山东省中医药研究院 | Method for judging processing quality of platycladus orientalis charcoal |
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