CN102997046A - Optical fiber sensor for detecting natural gas pipe leakage - Google Patents
Optical fiber sensor for detecting natural gas pipe leakage Download PDFInfo
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- CN102997046A CN102997046A CN2011102713476A CN201110271347A CN102997046A CN 102997046 A CN102997046 A CN 102997046A CN 2011102713476 A CN2011102713476 A CN 2011102713476A CN 201110271347 A CN201110271347 A CN 201110271347A CN 102997046 A CN102997046 A CN 102997046A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical fiber sensor for detecting natural gas pipe leakage. The optical fiber sensor consists of a rectangular elastic sheet (3), an optical fiber interferometer (4) and a tail fiber winding box (5), wherein on the rectangular elastic sheet (3), optical fiber interference arms of the optical fiber interferometer are uniformly arranged in the shape of sine wave; optical fibers are tightly stuck to the rectangular elastic sheet (3) by using a bonding agent; the other optical fiber interferometer and related appliances thereof are wound in the tail fiber winding box (5) in order; the tail fiber winding box (5) is fixedly arranged on the rectangular elastic sheet (3) by using a bonding agent; the rectangular elastic sheet (3) is a steel thin plate of which the bottom is concave inwards and the radian is consistent to the outer surface of a pipe; and when the sensor is mounted, the inner concave surface of the rectangular elastic sheet (8) is stuck to the outer surface of a pipe along the axial direction of the natural gas pipe by using a bonding agent. The invention provides a front-end probe with high positioning precision and high sensitivity for a quasi-distributed natural gas pipe leakage detecting system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is the optical fiber transducer that a kind of gas pipeline leakage detects, and relates to the measurement of mechanical vibration, measurement and the pipe-line system technical field of impact.
Background technique
At present, the pipeline overall length of building up in the world reaches 2,500,000 kilometers, and having surpassed the railway total kilometrage becomes the main means of transportation of world energy sources, and the oil product of developed country and oil-producing area, the Middle East transports all realizes channelization.China's pipeline has also obtained very fast development in recent years, overall length is also above 70,000 kilometers, begun to take shape across thing, stretch from the north to the south, cover the whole nation, be communicated with the overseas large general layout of energy pipe network, pipeline transport becomes the major way of the allotment conveying of the strategic energy such as oil gas.
Pipeline is subjected to the reasons such as natural disaster, third party's breakage in installation owing to cross-regional wide, has caused more pipe leakage accident to occur.External pipe safety situation also allows of no optimist very much, and the natural gas line big bang occurs in U.S. San Bruno city on September 9th, 2010, and blast causes long 51 meters, wide 9 a meters hollow place on the road surface.The pipeline of about 8 meters of one segment length, 76 centimetres of diameters is exploded the Heaven, flies out about 30 meters far away, and causes large-range fire disaster, causes 4 people dead, and 3 people are missing, and at least 52 people are injured, 4 hectares of burnt areas, and tens of houses are burnt.People's safety, environmental consciousness significantly promote in recent years, are also more and more paid attention to as the pipeline transportation safety problem of high risk industries.
Only have the sound wave monitoring method comparatively effective for natural gas line leakage in the ripe technology at present, but in order to improve the real-time of leakage monitoring and the accuracy of leak source location, the layout density that must add at pipeline large sensor, increase simultaneously corresponding power supply, communications equipment, cause system cost and installation and maintenance costly.
Along with the development of sensory technique has been carried out the research of SCADA leakage monitoring system such as companies such as U.S. CSI, ATMOSI, European TER abroad, Sensornet company has also developed the leakage monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, and portioned product has also been applied for patent protection at home; The units such as domestic University Of Tianjin, Tsing-Hua University, China Renmin People's Liberation Army Office Support Engineering Academy also further investigate the leakage monitoring method of pipeline.
Patent CN200410020046.6 discloses a kind of distribution type fiber-optic method for monitoring leak from oil gas pipe and monitoring device based on principle of interference.This monitoring system requires to lay side by side an optical cable at Near Pipelines along pipeline, utilizes the optical fiber in the optical cable to form a Fiber optic micro-vibration sensor.Patent CN200620119429, CN200610113044.0 are the pipeline leakage monitor based on the Sagnac fibre optic interferometer, and patent CN200610072879.6 is a kind of pipeline leakage monitor based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing technology and method.
" sensor and micro-system " the 7th phase of the 26th volume " based on the gas pipeline leakage detection method of distributed fiberoptic sensor " discloses a kind of gas pipeline leak detecting device and method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor, it is to have installing optical fibres sensor on the pipeline body of certain intervals, the vibration wave signal that continuous real-time monitoring is propagated along pipeline body, the vibration wave signal that gathers is carried out analysing and processing, comprise type identification and vibration source location, wherein whether type identification is for to belong to leak type by the extraction and analysis of vibration wave feature being differentiated it, the time lag that simultaneously propagates into adjacent several optical fiber transducers according to vibration wave determines that in conjunction with the velocity of propagation of vibration wave on pipeline body the position at vibration wave source place, the light intensity signal of sensor output realize position definite of leakage point after photoelectric conversion.
CN1837674A discloses a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing technology.
US2006/0225507A1 discloses a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor.
Above-mentioned technology all belongs to the distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring method.But such technical monitoring is subject to the impact of the interference incident that pipeline occurs when leaking, have very high system's false alarm rate, and antijamming capability is relatively poor.
Make a general survey of the various line leakage technology of internal and overseas, the negative pressure wave method that generally uses at present, flow equilibrium method, the Pipeline Leak detection techniques such as pressure gradient, can't effectively solve the Leak testtion problem of gas pipeline, especially to identification and the location of minute leakage.And based on the good sensing characteristics of optical fiber, optical fiber sensing technology is able to fast development, wherein using more is to utilize an optical cable with the pipeline laying in one ditch as the distributed gas leak sensor, although sensitivity is higher than conventional art, but its locating effect is poor, can not satisfy the application demand of natural gas line leakage fully.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to invent a kind of optical fiber transducer that is applicable to the high position precision of quasi-distributed gas pipeline leakage detection system, the detection of highly sensitive gas pipeline leakage.
The monitoring system of fiber optical sensing natural gas pipeline theory diagram as shown in Figure 1.On buried natural gas line, evenly distribute and lay a series of sensors, when equipment is used, the light that is sent by light source passes through each sensor successively, and the leakage signal of carrying each sensor is got back to the photodetector section, pass through again subsequent treatment, finish the identification of leakage signal and the location of event, and the result is presented on the screen.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: the leakage signal of an axial point on optical fiber transducer 1 sensing natural gas line pipeline, thus detect leakage situation on the whole piece pipeline.This optical fiber transducer is comprised of rectangular spring sheet 3, fibre optic interferometer 4 and tail fiber coiling box 5; Concrete structure is on rectangular spring sheet 3, the fiber optic interferometric arm of fibre optic interferometer is evenly laid with the shape of sine wave, and with tackiness agent optical fiber is close on the rectangular spring sheet 3, remaining fibre optic interferometer and related device thereof are with neat being coiled in the tail fiber coiling box 5, and input, output optical fibre 6,7 expose outside; Tail fiber coiling box 5 is fixed on above the rectangular spring sheet 3 by tackiness agent, during installation of sensors, use tackiness agent to be bonded on the pipeline external surface along the natural gas line axial direction inner concave of rectangular spring sheet 3, at last with the whole external cover of sensor externally, and do corresponding pipeline corrosion protection and process, make the whole and pipe surface anticorrosive coat slitless connection of sensor.Wherein said rectangular spring sheet 3 is a bottom indent and the radian steel sheet consistent with pipeline external surface; The axial vibration that produces during gas pipeline leakage allows rectangular spring sheet 3 that deformation occurs, and deformation also occurs the fibre optic interferometer 4 that drive rectangular spring sheet 3 coils above, changes thus the state of the light of transmission in the optical fiber, so that is detected by rear end equipment.
Wherein said fibre optic interferometer is selected Michelson's interferometer or Mach-Zehnder interferometer; The optical fiber of coiling is the part interference arm of fibre optic interferometer on the rectangular spring sheet 3, and the optical fiber number of turn that each sensor 1 coils is identical, and the coiling shape is the dextrorotation ripple; Guarantee that thus each optical fiber transducer has comparatively unified sensitivity;
Described tail fiber coiling box 5 is fixed on the elastic cylinder top by tackiness agent, wherein has one deck sponge mat between tail fiber coiling box 5 and the elastic cylinder 3.。
The present invention can effectively control the sensitivity of optical fiber transducer 1 by the dense degree of optical fiber coiling on the control rectangular spring sheet 3.
The present invention on a rectangular spring sheet 3, mainly is in order to make sensor fibre contact as far as possible pipeline outer wall, to increase its sensitivity with optical fiber transducer 1 global design.Tail fiber coiling box 5 will add one deck sponge mat between tail fiber coiling box and elastic cylinder before being fixed on rectangular spring sheet 3 tops, mainly be to make up and down two-layer vibration isolation; Whole sensor outside is that a nerd pack wherein has spongy layer, mainly plays the effect of isolating pipelines external interference signal and protection sensor 1.Need to remove the anticorrosive coat of the natural gas line outer surface of respective regions clean in that installing optical fibres sensor 1 is front, expose steel tube surface, during installation, use adhesive tightly to be bonded at optical fiber transducer 1 body on the pipeline outer wall, this also is in order to make sensor fibre contact as far as possible pipeline outer wall, to increase its sensitivity.At last carry out corresponding pipeline corrosion protection at the seam crossing of sensor 1 and pipeline and process, make itself and pipe surface anticorrosive coat slitless connection.This structure can effectively be controlled the sensitivity of Fibre Optical Sensor unit probe, and interference has good Isolated Shield effect to the signal except natural gas leaking.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are: it is adjustable to have detection sensitivity based on the natural gas line leakage optical fiber transducer of this structure, the advantage that noise isolation is good can be quasi-distributed gas pipeline leakage detection system high position precision and highly sensitive front-end probe is provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 monitoring system of fiber optical sensing natural gas pipeline theory diagram
The pipeline scheme of installation of Fig. 2 Fibre Optical Sensor unit
The cut-away view of Fig. 3 Fibre Optical Sensor unit
Fig. 4 Michelson fibre optic interferometer
1-optical fiber transducer 2-pipeline wherein
3-rectangular spring sheet 4-fibre optic interferometer
5-tail fiber coiling box 6,7-input, output optical fibre
Embodiment
Embodiment. be described in detail embodiments of the present invention below in conjunction with technological scheme and accompanying drawing.
This optical fiber transducer is installed the leakage signal of an axial point on 1, one optical fiber transducer sensing of optical fiber transducer natural gas line pipeline every 1.5km on pipeline body, thereby detect the leakage situation on the whole piece pipeline.This optical fiber transducer 1 is comprised of rectangular spring sheet 3 and fibre optic interferometer 4 and tail fiber coiling box 5; Concrete structure is on rectangular spring sheet 3, the fiber optic interferometric arm of fibre optic interferometer is evenly laid with the shape of sine wave, and with tackiness agent optical fiber is close on the rectangular spring sheet 3, remaining fibre optic interferometer and related device thereof are with neat being coiled in the tail fiber coiling box 5, and input, output optical fibre 6,7 expose outside; Tail fiber coiling box 5 is fixed on above the rectangular spring sheet 3 by tackiness agent; During installation of sensors, use tackiness agent to be bonded on the pipeline external surface along the natural gas line axial direction inner concave of rectangular spring sheet 3.At last with the whole external cover of sensor externally, and do corresponding pipeline corrosion protection and process, make the whole and pipe surface anticorrosive coat slitless connection of sensor.The axial vibration that produces during gas pipeline leakage allows rectangular spring sheet 3 that deformation occurs, and deformation also occurs the fibre optic interferometer 4 that drive rectangular spring sheet 3 coils above, changes thus the state of the light of transmission in the optical fiber, so that is detected by rear end equipment.
Wherein, described rectangular spring sheet 3 is a bottom indent and the radian steel sheet consistent with pipeline external surface; It is of a size of 200 * 500 * 0.3mm, and that fibre optic interferometer 4 is selected is Michelson's interferometer (such as Fig. 4).The optical fiber that coils on the rectangular spring sheet is the interference arm of Michelson's interferometer, interfere arm neatly to coil with the shape of dextrorotation ripple together with two during coiling, around 20 circles, remaining interference arm and interferometer other parts are all coiled and are fixed in the tail fiber coiling box 5 altogether.
This example has the advantage that detection sensitivity is adjustable, noise isolation is good through test, can be quasi-distributed gas pipeline leakage detection system high position precision and highly sensitive front-end probe are provided.
Claims (5)
1. the optical fiber transducer that gas pipeline leakage detects is characterized in that this optical fiber transducer is comprised of rectangular spring sheet (3), fibre optic interferometer (4) and tail fiber coiling box (5); On rectangular spring sheet (3), the fiber optic interferometric arm of fibre optic interferometer (4) is evenly laid with the shape of sine wave, and with tackiness agent optical fiber is close on the rectangular spring sheet (3), remaining fibre optic interferometer and related device thereof are with neat being coiled in the tail fiber coiling box (5), and input, output optical fibre (6,7) expose outside; Tail fiber coiling box (5) is fixed on above the rectangular spring sheet (3) by tackiness agent, during installation of sensors, use tackiness agent to be bonded on the pipeline external surface along the natural gas line axial direction inner concave of rectangular spring sheet (3), at last with the whole external cover of sensor externally, the whole and pipe surface anticorrosive coat slitless connection of sensor.
2. the optical fiber transducer of a kind of gas pipeline leakage detection according to claim 1 is characterized in that described rectangular spring sheet (3) is a bottom indent and the radian steel sheet consistent with pipeline external surface.
3. the optical fiber transducer that detects of a kind of gas pipeline leakage according to claim 1, what it is characterized in that described fibre optic interferometer (4) selects is Michelson's interferometer or Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
4. the optical fiber transducer that detects of a kind of gas pipeline leakage according to claim 1, the optical fiber that it is characterized in that the upper coiling of described rectangular spring sheet (3) is that the part of fibre optic interferometer is interfered arm, the optical fiber number of turn that each sensor 1 coils is identical, and the coiling shape is the dextrorotation ripple.
5. the optical fiber transducer that detects of a kind of gas pipeline leakage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described tail fiber coiling box (5) is fixed on the elastic cylinder top by tackiness agent, wherein have one deck sponge mat between tail fiber coiling box (5) and the elastic cylinder (3).
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| CN2011102713476A CN102997046A (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Optical fiber sensor for detecting natural gas pipe leakage |
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| CN2011102713476A CN102997046A (en) | 2011-09-14 | 2011-09-14 | Optical fiber sensor for detecting natural gas pipe leakage |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107489889A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-19 | 必必优（深圳）科技有限公司 | A kind of pipe leakage infrasound detecting system and method |
Citations (5)
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| CN1598516A (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2005-03-23 | 天津大学 | Interference distributed fibre-optical pipe leakage real-time monitoring method and device |
| CN101087989A (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2007-12-12 | 摩根研究股份有限公司 | Embeddable polarimetric fiber optic sensor and method for monitoring of structures |
| CN201397405Y (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-02-03 | 中国石油天然气管道局 | Fiber coiling disc for regional anti-intrusion system based on fiber optic interferometer |
| WO2011103032A2 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-25 | US Seismic Systems, Inc. | Optical detection systems and methods of using the same |
| CN202252863U (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-05-30 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical fiber sensor for leakage detection of natural gas pipeline |
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- 2011-09-14 CN CN2011102713476A patent/CN102997046A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1598516A (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2005-03-23 | 天津大学 | Interference distributed fibre-optical pipe leakage real-time monitoring method and device |
| CN101087989A (en) * | 2004-10-15 | 2007-12-12 | 摩根研究股份有限公司 | Embeddable polarimetric fiber optic sensor and method for monitoring of structures |
| CN201397405Y (en) * | 2009-05-15 | 2010-02-03 | 中国石油天然气管道局 | Fiber coiling disc for regional anti-intrusion system based on fiber optic interferometer |
| WO2011103032A2 (en) * | 2010-02-18 | 2011-08-25 | US Seismic Systems, Inc. | Optical detection systems and methods of using the same |
| CN202252863U (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-05-30 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical fiber sensor for leakage detection of natural gas pipeline |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107489889A (en) * | 2017-09-30 | 2017-12-19 | 必必优（深圳）科技有限公司 | A kind of pipe leakage infrasound detecting system and method |
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Application publication date: 20130327 |