CN102997045B - Optical fiber sensing natural gas pipeline leakage event identification method and device - Google Patents
Optical fiber sensing natural gas pipeline leakage event identification method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an optical fiber sensing natural gas pipeline leakage event identification method and an optical fiber sensing natural gas pipeline leakage event identification device, which relates to the field of a mechanical vibration measurement technology, an impact measurement technology and a pipeline system technology. A time domain feature (Pt) of a pipeline normal operation and leakage status signal, a frequency-domain characterization (Pf) and a noise characteristic (Pn) of an existing pipeline transmission signal and the waveshape recognition are comprehensively analyzed, a leakage confidence coefficient function model is built as follows: R=a1Pt+a2Pf-a3Pn, the leakage of a picked up vibration wave signal is evaluated to judge whether leakage happens to the pipeline or not, and different arithmetical parameters a1, a2 and a3 are arranged to regulate the confidence coefficient module according to the characteristics of the existing pipeline; the time domain, the frequency domain and wave form estimation performed on the leakage signal is that the signal can be accurately identified to be the leakage event according to a time-varying enveloping character and abruptness of the leakage signal and a center frequency distribution character of the stable leakage event signal, based on the feature classification of a stimulated leakage event. The optical fiber sensing natural gas pipeline leakage identification method and the optical fiber sensing natural gas pipeline leakage identification device provided by the invention can monitor the signal abnormalities in time and give an alarm with high accuracy at the primary state of the leakage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor gas pipeline leakage event recognition method and device, relates to the measurement of mechanical vibration, the measurement of impact and piping system technical field.
Background technology
At present, the pipeline overall length of building up in the world reaches 2,500,000 kilometers, and having surpassed railway total kilometrage becomes the main means of transportation of world energy sources, and the oil product of developed country and oil producing area, the Middle East transports all realizes channelization.China's pipeline has also obtained very fast development in recent years, overall length is also over 70,000 kilometers, begun to take shape across thing, stretch from the north to the south, cover the whole nation, be communicated with the overseas large general layout of energy pipe network, pipeline transportation becomes the major way of the allotment conveying of the strategic energy such as oil gas.
Pipeline, due to cross-regional wide, is subject to the reasons such as disaster, third party's breakage in installation, has caused more pipe leakage accident to occur.External pipe safety situation also allows of no optimist very much, and natural gas line big bang occurs in U.S. San Bruno city on September 9th, 2010, and blast causes long 51 meters a, hollow place of wide 9 meters on road surface.The pipeline of approximately 8 meters of one segment lengths, 76 centimetres of diameters is exploded heaven, flies out about 30 meters far away, and causes large-range fire disaster, causes 4 people dead, and 3 people are missing, and at least 52 people are injured, 4 hectares of burnt areas, and tens of houses are burnt.People's safety, environmental consciousness significantly promote in recent years, as the pipeline transportation safety problem of high risk industries, are also more and more paid attention to.
In proven technique, for natural gas line leakage, only have sound wave monitoring method comparatively effective at present, but in order to improve the accuracy to the real-time of leakage monitoring and leak source location, the layout density that must add large sensor on pipeline, increase corresponding power supply, communication facilities simultaneously, cause system cost and installation and maintenance costly.
Along with the development of sensing technology is external as U.S. CSI, ATM0SI, European TERDeng company have carried out the research of SCADA leakage monitoring system, Sensornet company has also developed the leakage monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, and portioned product has also been applied for patent protection at home; The units such as domestic University Of Tianjin, Tsing-Hua University, China Renmin People's Liberation Army Office Support Engineering Academy also further investigate the leakage monitoring method of pipeline.
Patent CN200410020046.6 discloses a kind of distribution type fiber-optic method for monitoring leak from oil gas pipe and monitoring device based on principle of interference.This monitoring system requires along pipeline, to lay side by side an optical cable at Near Pipelines, utilizes the optical fiber in optical cable to form a Fiber optic micro-vibration sensor.Patent CN200620119429, CN200610113044.0 are the pipeline leakage monitor based on Sagnac fibre optic interferometer, and patent CN200610072879.6 is a kind of pipeline leakage monitor and method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing technology.
< < sensor and the 26th the 7th phase of volume of micro-system > > " the gas pipe line leakage detection method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor " discloses a kind of gas pipe line leak detecting device and method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor, it is to have installing optical fibres sensor on the pipeline body of certain intervals, the vibration wave signal that continuous real-time monitoring is propagated along pipeline body, the vibration wave signal gathering is carried out to analyzing and processing, comprise type identification and vibration source location, wherein whether type identification is for to belong to leak type by the extraction and analysis of vibration wave feature being differentiated to it, according to vibration wave, propagate into the position at the time delay definite vibration of the velocity of propagation on pipeline body wave source place in conjunction with vibration wave of adjacent several Fibre Optical Sensors simultaneously, the light intensity signal of sensor output is realized the determining of position of leakage point after opto-electronic conversion.
CN1837674A discloses a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing technology.
US2006/0225507A1 discloses a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor.
Above-mentioned technology all belongs to distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring method.But such technical monitoring is subject to the impact of the interference incident that pipeline occurs while leaking, have very high system false alarm rate, and antijamming capability is poor.
The leakage detection method of tradition based on sonic transducer, the pressure transducer of the need of usining power supply is as the pick device of voice signal, conventionally at the two ends of pipeline turnover station or valve chamber, two sensors are installed, on obtaining, leakage signal only can obtain a mistiming, positioning precision to incident of leakage is poor, and because the signal channel obtaining is narrower, be difficult to realize the differentiation of leakage and random vibration interference, misreport of system is more.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to invent the quasi-distributed leakage vibration monitor system of a kind of high sensitivity based on Fibre Optical Sensor and when pipeline occurs to leak the primary stage, monitor in time abnormal signal high Fibre Optical Sensor gas pipeline leakage event recognition method and the device of the accuracy rate of reporting to the police.
In view of the sensitivity that above-mentioned a few class Leak Detection, monitoring technology exist is low, false alarm rate is high, be subject to the problems such as such environmental effects, the natural gas line leakage system based on quasi-distributed optical fiber interference sensing technology adopts high sensitivity sensing unit and overcomes targetedly in conjunction with time domain, the frequency domain character of incident of leakage.
Utilize the optical fiber leak detecting device that is applicable to natural gas line of the signal long-distance transmissions development that realizes optical fibre vibration sensor with optical fiber and the Optical multiplexing technology of ditch laying with pipeline, solved a difficult problem for electric transducer power supply and telecommunication, laying optical fiber vibration transducer comparatively thick and fast, improve the spectrum width of picking up leakage signal, increase validity feature quantity of information.
Thereby the natural gas line leakage system with the sensitivity of high leakage vibrating sensing is to have realized the raising of interferometer to the induction sensitivity of vibration signal by increasing length and the space length of interferometer two pickup arms, aspect the inhibition that Environmental Random Vibration is disturbed, adopting the intelligent identification technology of leakage signal, random accidental vibration and sudden, continuation leakage signal have effectively been distinguished, and the leakage signal time delay of simultaneously obtaining in conjunction with adjacent a plurality of sensing units, the location of having realized more accurately leakage point.
The present invention is based upon on the basis with highly sensitive quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing leakage vibration monitoring method, and have highly sensitive quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing, to leak vibration monitoring method be high sensitivity optical fiber interfere type leak optical fiber sensor to be installed having on the pipeline body of certain intervals, the vibration wave signal that continuous real-time monitoring is propagated along pipeline body, the vibration wave signal gathering is carried out to analyzing and processing, comprise type identification and vibration source location, wherein whether type identification is for to belong to leak type by the extraction and analysis of vibration wave feature being differentiated to it, the velocity of propagation on pipeline body realizes determining vibration wave source position in conjunction with vibration wave simultaneously according to vibration wave, to propagate into the time delay of adjacent several Fibre Optical Sensors, realize above-mentioned to incident of leakage is reported to the police the positional information of leakage point is provided after vibration wave signal analysis and processing simultaneously.The present invention has suitably increased the quantity of Fibre Optical Sensor on employing high sensitivity optical fiber sensor improves the basis of incident of leakage monitoring sensitivity, expanded the frequency range that can pick up monitor signal, and the time delay of carrying out in conjunction with a plurality of Fibre Optical Sensors estimates that localization method has guaranteed the accuracy of system location.
When leak occurring, leak and excite pipeline to produce vibration wave, vibration wave is with speed V along pipe transmmision, and wherein two adjacent sensing units are spaced apart setting value L, and establishing the time that signal is transmitted to sensing unit n is t
n, the time that is transmitted to sensing unit n+1 is t
n+1, the time that signal is transmitted to sensing unit n-1 is t
n-1, the time that is transmitted to sensing unit n+2 is t
n+2, have following formula to set up:
Unknown parameter (t wherein
n+1-t
n), (t
n-1-t
n+1), (t
n+2-t
n) and (t
n+2-t
n-1) can by the signal that the several sensing units of correspondence are received, carry out relevant treatment and obtain, so just formed the repeatedly observation to the same unknown quantity of event occurrence positions X, it is poor that a plurality of sensing units of combined continuous receive signal time, compares and only adopt the time difference measurements mode of two sensing units to have locating effect more accurately.
On the basis of the natural gas line leakage method based on Fibre Optical Sensor, for Environmental Random Vibration is disturbed and suppressed, the intelligent identification Method that the present invention adopts is: with the temporal signatures P of the normal operation of pipeline and leakage status signals
t, frequency domain character P
fnoisiness P with current pipe transmmision signal
nand comprehensively analyze in conjunction with waveform recognition, set up and leak degree of confidence function model: R=a
1p
t+ a
2p
f-a
3p
n, the vibration wave signal picking up is leaked to assessment and judge whether pipeline leaks, according to on-the-spot pipeline feature, algorithms of different parameter a is set
1, a
2, a
3regulate degree of confidence model.To leakage signal carry out time domain, frequency domain and waveform estimate to refer to according to leakage signal time become envelope trait and central frequency distribution characteristic sudden, stability incident of leakage signal, whether tagsort based on simulated leakage event, can accurately identify monitor signal is incident of leakage.
Utilize with the common communications optical fibre in optical cable of oil and gas pipes laying in one ditch respectively as sending and receiving Transmission Fibers, pipeline is revealed to optical fiber sensing probe to be connected between transmitting-receiving Transmission Fibers by Optical multiplexing technology is parallel with one another, form light circuit, pipeline is revealed optical fiber sensing probe, and to be evenly laid in pipeline along the line, the optical fiber sensing system that formation can monitoring pipe road acoustic vibration.Utilize light source to reveal optical fiber sensing probe scanning to each pipeline, according to pipeline, reveal the distribution situation of optical fiber sensing probe to the photoelectric conversion signal demodulation, the extraction that gather, the vibration information of realizing each pipeline leakage optical fiber sensing probe obtains, detect analysis conduit leakage optical fiber sensing probe signal and judged whether that pipeline leakage event occurs, the time delay of arrival that signal detected according to adjacent pipeline leakage optical fiber sensing probe is realized the location to leak point.
For optical fiber sensing monitoring gas pipeline leakage event recognition device, see a Fig. 1, it includes light source, transmission light path part, Fibre Optical Sensor, photodetector, signals collecting and processing module.A Fibre Optical Sensor is installed at a certain distance on pipeline body, a plurality of Fibre Optical Sensors form a Fibre Optical Sensor group, each Fibre Optical Sensor group connects after a beam splitter being serially connected in optical fiber light source and the photodetector of receiving end with an optical fiber, photodetector output connects signals collecting and processing module, and signals collecting and processing module output connect microcomputer.Through the processing of signals collecting and processing module, the sensor group signal mixing based on frequency division multiplexing mode has been realized the demultiplexing of each sensor in sensor group, obtains original leakage vibration wave signal.
Described signals collecting and processing module comprise that signal condition, signals collecting, processing unit, terminal show and external interface; The signal condition output that connects photodetector output is connected in series signals collecting and processing unit successively, and processing unit output has terminal to show and external interface; Described processing unit comprises leakage signal identification circuit and positioning circuit.
As shown in Figure 3, it is mainly comprised of digital signal processor U1B and peripheral circuit leakage signal identification circuit in processing unit, and the NC1-NC15 pin of U1B is unsettled; AVDD, AGND are analog power input, and AVDD connects 1.3V power supply by magnetic bead FER1, and 3 capacitor C 22, C23, C24 in parallel carry out decoupling filtering between AVDD and AGND; DAI1, DAI3, DAI4 are connected respectively the transmission for data with DR0PRI, RSCLK0, the RFS0 of positioning circuit digital signal processor U10; DAI9-DAI20 is expansion interface; DPI9, DPI10 connect external interface circuit;
Positioning circuit in processing unit as shown in Figure 4, it is mainly comprised of digital signal processor U10 and peripheral circuit and interface, the DR0PRI of U10, RSCLK0, RFS0 are connected and are used for receiving data with DAI1, DAI3, the DAI4 of identification circuit digital signal processor U1B respectively, RX, TX, M0SI, MISO, SCK connect display terminal interface, and TCK, TD0, TDI, TMS, TRST#, EMU# are debugging interface.
Light source sends laser, laser transfers to along transmission light path part the Fibre Optical Sensor being arranged on pipeline, when pipe leakage event occurs, leak excited vibrational ripple and propagate to two reverse directions along pipeline, sensing unit picks up after the signal of pipe transmmision, again through transmission light path part, flashlight is transmitted back to system photodetection part, after opto-electronic conversion, deliver in signal analysis device and leakage signal recognition device and carry out analyzing and processing, leakage signal recognition device carries out time domain to leakage signal, frequency domain and waveform are estimated, based on artificial intelligence technology, realize the effective differentiation to incident of leakage and random vibration event.
The present invention is pipeline leakage monitor and the method based on leaking vibration quasi-distributed optical fiber sensing, the Fibre Optical Sensor of usining without power supply is as the pick device of leakage signal, utilize the signal long-distance transmissions that realizes optical fibre vibration sensor with optical fiber and the Optical multiplexing technology of ditch laying with pipeline, solved a difficult problem for electric transducer power supply and telecommunication, laying optical fiber sensor comparatively thick and fast, many Fibre Optical Sensors are combined and are carried out time delay and estimate to improve the positioning precision to leakage point; Can effectively distinguish random accidental vibration and sudden, continuation leakage signal, when pipeline occurs to leak the primary stage, monitor in time abnormal signal, and the accuracy rate of reporting to the police is high simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 monitoring system of fiber optical sensing natural gas pipeline schematic diagram of device
Fig. 2 Fibre Optical Sensor gas pipeline leakage positioning principle figure
Fig. 3 monitoring system of fiber optical sensing natural gas pipeline identification circuit schematic diagram
Fig. 4 monitoring system of fiber optical sensing natural gas pipeline positioning circuit schematic diagram
Embodiment
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments the present invention is further described, but should limit the scope of the invention with this.
Embodiment. the formation of this example is as shown in Figure 1, a Fibre Optical Sensor is installed at a certain distance on pipeline body, a plurality of Fibre Optical Sensors form a Fibre Optical Sensor group, each Fibre Optical Sensor group connects after a beam splitter being serially connected in optical fiber light source and the photodetector of receiving end with an optical fiber, photodetector output connects signals collecting and processing module, and signals collecting and processing module output connect microcomputer.Through the processing of signals collecting and processing module, the sensor group signal mixing based on frequency division multiplexing mode has been realized the demultiplexing of each sensor in sensor group, obtains original leakage vibration wave signal.
Light source adopts the narrow cable and wide optical fiber laser of 100kHZ live width, laser instrument output connects beam splitter 1, it is 24: 1 that beam splitter 1 adopts splitting ratio, the output resume that wherein ratio is 24 is propagated until run into beam splitter 2 along transmission light path, the output terminal that beam splitter 1 export ratio is 1 enters Fibre Optical Sensor 1 through connecting optical fiber, Fibre Optical Sensor adopts Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure, poor at 20m in order to guarantee that Fibre Optical Sensor has certain sensitivity control interferometer arm, this interferometer is wound on the elastic body of elastomeric material, and elastic body is close to duct wall and is fixed.Beam splitter 2 adopts the splitting ratio of 23: 1, the output resume that wherein ratio is 23 is propagated until run into next beam splitter 3 along transmission light path, the output terminal that beam splitter 2 export ratios are 1 enters Fibre Optical Sensor 2 through connecting optical fiber, it is poor at 20m that Fibre Optical Sensor adopts equally Mach-Zehnder interferometer structure and controls interferometer arm, be wound on the elastic body of elastomeric material, elastic body is close to duct wall and is fixed.When the pipeline between Fibre Optical Sensor 1 and Fibre Optical Sensor 2 occurs to leak, leak the vibration wave causing and by Fibre Optical Sensor 1 and 2, picked up respectively through the regular hour along pipe transmmision, according to Fibre Optical Sensor 1 and 2, receive the mistiming of leakage signal and in ducted velocity of propagation, can realize the location of leakage point in conjunction with vibration wave.
Along a plurality of sensing points are set in duct orientation, the distance Accurate Measurement between each Fibre Optical Sensor, controls light source output according to the light travel-time.
Described signals collecting and processing module comprise that signal condition, signals collecting, processing unit, terminal show and external interface; The signal condition output that connects photodetector output is connected in series signals collecting and processing unit successively, and processing unit output has terminal to show and external interface; Described processing unit comprises leakage signal identification circuit and positioning circuit.
As shown in Figure 3, it is mainly comprised of digital signal processor U1B and peripheral circuit leakage signal identification circuit in processing unit, and the NC1-NC15 pin of U1B is unsettled; AVDD, AGND are analog power input, and AVDD connects 1.3V power supply by magnetic bead FER1, and 3 capacitor C 22, C23, C24 in parallel carry out decoupling filtering between AVDD and AGND; DAI1, DAI3, DAI4 are connected respectively the transmission for data with DR0PRI, RSCLK0, the RFS0 of positioning circuit digital signal processor U10; DAI9-DAI20 is expansion interface; DPI9, DPI10 connect external interface circuit;
Positioning circuit in processing unit as shown in Figure 4, it is mainly comprised of digital signal processor U10 and peripheral circuit and interface, the DR0PRI of U10, RSCLK0, RFS0 are connected and are used for receiving data with DAI1, DAI3, the DAI4 of identification circuit digital signal processor U1B respectively, RX, TX, M0SI, MISO, SCK connect display terminal interface, and TCK, TD0, TDI, TMS, TRST#, EMU# are debugging interface.
Wherein the type selecting of components and parts as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4.
This example is through test of many times, by being installed on duct wall, leakage vibration sensing interferometric optical fiber sensor can realize the monitoring to any disturbance behavior along pipe transmmision, through realizing incident of leakage reported to the police and provided leakage point position signal analysis and processing and Intelligent Recognition, system sensitivity is high, by the Intelligent Recognition of leaking has been reduced to the system false alarm rate that incident causes largely.
Claims (2)
1. a Fibre Optical Sensor gas pipeline leakage event recognition method, is characterized in that with the normal operation of pipeline and leaks the temporal signatures P of status signals
t, frequency domain character P
fnoisiness P with current pipe transmmision signal
nand comprehensively analyze in conjunction with waveform recognition, set up and leak degree of confidence function model: R=a
1p
t+ a
2p
f-a
3p
n, the vibration wave signal picking up is leaked to assessment and judge whether pipeline leaks, according to on-the-spot pipeline feature, algorithms of different parameter a is set
1, a
2, a
3regulate degree of confidence model; Described to leakage signal carry out time domain, frequency domain and waveform estimate to refer to according to leakage signal time become envelope trait and central frequency distribution characteristic sudden, stability incident of leakage signal, tagsort based on simulated leakage event, whether can accurately identify monitor signal is incident of leakage;
When leak occurring, leak and excite pipeline to produce vibration wave, vibration wave is with speed V along pipe transmmision, and wherein two adjacent sensing units are spaced apart setting value L, and establishing the time that signal is transmitted to sensing unit n is t
n, the time that is transmitted to sensing unit n+1 is t
n+1, the time that signal is transmitted to sensing unit n-1 is t
n-1, the time that is transmitted to sensing unit n+2 is t
n+2, have following formula to set up:
Unknown parameter (t wherein
n+1-t
n), (t
n-1-t
n+1), (t
n+2-t
n) and (t
n+2-t
n-1) can by the signal that the several sensing units of correspondence are received, carry out relevant treatment and obtain, so just formed the repeatedly observation to the same unknown quantity of event occurrence positions X, it is poor that a plurality of sensing units of combined continuous receive signal time, compares and only adopt the time difference measurements mode of two sensing units to have locating effect more accurately;
Utilize with the common communications optical fibre in optical cable of oil and gas pipes laying in one ditch respectively as sending and receiving Transmission Fibers, pipeline is revealed to optical fiber sensing probe to be connected between transmitting-receiving Transmission Fibers by Optical multiplexing technology is parallel with one another, form light circuit, pipeline is revealed optical fiber sensing probe, and to be evenly laid in pipeline along the line, the optical fiber sensing system that formation can monitoring pipe road acoustic vibration; Utilize light source to reveal optical fiber sensing probe scanning to each pipeline, according to pipeline, reveal the distribution situation of optical fiber sensing probe to the photoelectric conversion signal demodulation, the extraction that gather, the vibration information of realizing each pipeline leakage optical fiber sensing probe obtains, detect analysis conduit leakage optical fiber sensing probe signal and judged whether that pipeline leakage event occurs, the time delay of arrival that signal detected according to adjacent pipeline leakage optical fiber sensing probe is realized the location to leak point.
2. for an a kind of optical fiber sensing natural gas pipeline leakage incident recognition device for method described in claim 1, it includes light source, transmission light path part, Fibre Optical Sensor, photodetector, signals collecting and processing module; A Fibre Optical Sensor is installed at a certain distance on pipeline body; a plurality of Fibre Optical Sensors form a Fibre Optical Sensor group; each Fibre Optical Sensor group connects after a beam splitter being serially connected in optical fiber light source and the photodetector of receiving end with an optical fiber; photodetector output connects signals collecting and processing module, and signals collecting and processing module output connect microcomputer; Through the processing of signals collecting and processing module, the sensor group signal mixing based on frequency division multiplexing mode has been realized the demultiplexing of each sensor in sensor group, obtains original leakage vibration wave signal;
Described signals collecting and processing module comprise that signal condition, signals collecting, processing unit, terminal show and external interface; The signal condition output that connects photodetector output is connected in series signals collecting and processing unit successively, and processing unit output has terminal to show and external interface; Described processing unit comprises leakage signal identification circuit and positioning circuit;
It is characterized in that the leakage signal identification circuit in processing unit is mainly comprised of digital signal processor U1B and peripheral circuit, the NC1-NC15 pin of U1B is unsettled; AVDD, AGND are analog power input, and AVDD connects 1.3V power supply by magnetic bead FER1, and 3 capacitor C 22, C23, C24 in parallel carry out decoupling filtering between AVDD and AGND; DAI1, DAI3, DAI4 are connected respectively the transmission for data with DR0PRI, RSCLK0, the RFS0 of positioning circuit digital signal processor U10; DAI9-DAI20 is expansion interface; DPI9, DPI10 connect external interface circuit;
Positioning circuit in processing unit is mainly comprised of digital signal processor U10 and peripheral circuit and interface, the DR0PRI of U10, RSCLK0, RFS0 are connected and are used for receiving data with DAI1, DAI3, the DAI4 of identification circuit digital signal processor U1B respectively, RX, TX, MOSI, MISO, SCK connect display terminal interface, and TCK, TDO, TDI, TMS, TRST#, EMU# are debugging interface.
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| CN201413557Y (en) * | 2009-05-31 | 2010-02-24 | 中国石油天然气管道局 | Optical path multiplexing system of regional anti-intrusion system based on fiber optic interferometers |
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