CN202252869U - Natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring system based on fiber sensing - Google Patents
Natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring system based on fiber sensing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring system based on fiber sensing, which comprises a light path system and a circuit, wherein fiber sensors are installed on the pipeline body at certain intervals; a plurality of adjacent fiber sensors constitute a fiber sensor group; each fiber sensor group shares one transmitting fiber to be connected with a light source; each fiber sensor group uses one return fiber to be connected with a photoelectric detector; the output of the photoelectric detector is connected with a signal acquisition and processing module with leakage signal identification and event location functions; and the output of the signal acquisition and processing module is connected with a microcomputer through an external interface. The utility model has the advantages of high sensitivity and high locating accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is a kind of natural gas line leakage system based on Fibre Optical Sensor.Relate to the measurement of mechanical vibration, the measurement and the pipe-line system technical field of impact.
Background technique
At present, the pipeline length overall of building up in the world reaches 2,500,000 kilometers, and having surpassed the railway total kilometrage becomes the main means of transportation of world energy sources, and the oil product of developed country and oil-producing area, the Middle East transports all realizes channelization.China's pipeline has also obtained very fast development in recent years; Length overall is also above 70,000 kilometers; Begun to take shape across thing, stretch from the north to the south, cover the whole nation, be communicated with the overseas big general layout of energy pipe network, pipeline transport becomes the main mode of the allotment conveying of the strategic energy such as oil gas.
Pipeline is because cross-regional wide, receives natural disaster, the third party reasons such as destructions of constructing, and caused more pipe leakage accident generation.External pipe safety situation also allows of no optimist very much, and the natural gas line big bang takes place in U.S. San Bruno city on September 9th, 2010, and blast causes long 51 meters, wide 9 a meters hollow place on the road surface.The pipeline of about 8 meters of one segment length, 76 centimetres of diameters is flown out about 30 meters far away, and causes large-range fire disaster by fried Heaven, causes 4 people dead, and 3 people are missing, and at least 52 people are injured, 4 hectares of burnt areas, and tens of houses are burnt.People's safety, environmental consciousness significantly promote in recent years, also obtain increasing attention as the pipeline transportation safety problem of high risk industries.
Have only the sound wave monitoring method comparatively effective for natural gas line leakage in the mature technique at present; But in order to improve to the real-time of leakage monitoring and the accuracy of leak source location; The layout density that must on pipeline, add large sensor; Increase corresponding power supply, communications equipment simultaneously, cause system cost and installation and maintenance costly.
Along with the development of sensory technique has been carried out the research of SCADA leakage monitoring system like companies such as U.S. CSI, ATMOSI, European TER abroad; Sens orne t company has also developed the leakage monitoring system based on distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, and portioned product has also been applied for patent protection at home; Units such as domestic University Of Tianjin, Tsing-Hua University, China Renmin People's Liberation Army Office Support Engineering Academy also further investigate the leakage monitoring method of pipeline.
Patent CN200410020046.6 discloses a kind of distribution type fiber-optic method for monitoring leak from oil gas pipe and monitoring device based on principle of interference.This monitoring system requires near pipeline, to lay an optical cable side by side along pipeline, utilizes the optical fiber in the optical cable to form an optical fiber vibrative sensor.Patent CN200620119429, CN200610113044.0 are the pipeline leakage monitor based on the Sagnac fibre optic interferometer, and patent CN200610072879.6 is a kind of pipeline leakage monitor and method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing technology.
" sensor and micro-system " the 26th the 7th phase of volume " based on the gas pipeline leakage detection method of distributed fiberoptic sensor " discloses a kind of gas pipeline leak detecting device and method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor.
CN1837674A discloses a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and method based on distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing technology.
US2006/0225507A1 discloses a kind of pipeline leakage testing device and method based on distributed fiberoptic sensor.
Above-mentioned technology all belongs to the distributed optical fiber sensing monitoring method.But such technical monitoring receives the influence of the interference incident that is taken place around the pipeline when leaking, have very high system's false alarm rate, and antijamming capability is relatively poor.
The model utility content
The purpose of the utility model is the natural gas line leakage system based on Fibre Optical Sensor that design a kind of sensitivity and degree of accuracy height, false alarm rate are low, be not subject to such environmental effects.
Low in view of the sensitivity that above-mentioned several types of Leak testtion, monitoring technology exist, false alarm rate is high, be subject to problem such as such environmental effects; The utility model provides the quasi-distributed leakage vibration monitor system of a kind of high sensitivity based on Fibre Optical Sensor; Adopting high sensor to make can in time be monitored during the primary stage in that leakages such as little leakage, seepage take place when pipeline; And the time domain, the frequency domain character that combine incident of leakage effectively reduce the system's false alarm rate that disturbs initiation; This technological scheme has overcome poor accuracy and the complicated deficiency of mounting process in the monitoring technology before this; Make the associated maintenance personnel in time to take counter-measure, avoid causing bigger security incident.
Can produce the sound wave of each frequency range behind the pipe leakage; The short ultrasound of wavelength ratio has just been absorbed by medium in the position not far apart from sound source gradually, and wavelength is short more, attenuation by absorption also fast more; The distance of having only low-frequency sound wave and infrasonic wave to propagate is far away, can propagate a few km to tens kms.Be employed at present than the long pipeline two ends and the system of infrasonic sensor be installed, not enough the accurate positioning property effect of leakage signal because the available signal frequency range is narrower.
A high sensitivity optical fiber interference type leak sensor is installed on pipeline body at a certain distance; The leakage vibration wave signal that continuous real-time monitoring is propagated along pipeline body; Vibration wave signal to gathering carries out analysing and processing; Comprise type identification and leak the vibration source location; Wherein type identification is through whether it belongs to leak type to vibration wave Feature Extraction analysis and distinguishing; The velocity of propagation of time lag combining vibration ripple on pipeline body that simultaneously propagates into adjacent several optical fiber transducers according to vibration wave realize the confirming of vibration wave source position, realizing above-mentioned provides the position information of leakage point to after the vibration wave signal analysis and processing incident of leakage being reported to the police simultaneously.The utility model has suitably increased the quantity of optical fiber transducer on employing high sensitivity optical fiber sensor improves the basis of incident of leakage monitoring sensitivity; Expanded and to have picked up the frequency range of monitor signal, and the time delay that combines a plurality of optical fiber transducers to carry out estimates that localization method has guaranteed the accuracy of system location.
Formation based on the natural gas line leakage system of Fibre Optical Sensor is seen Fig. 1, and it comprises light path system and circuit two-part; An optical fiber transducer is installed on pipeline body at a certain distance; Adjacent a plurality of optical fiber transducers constitute an optical fiber transducer group; The shared launching fiber of each optical fiber transducer group is connected with light source, and each optical fiber transducer group uses a passback optical fiber to be connected with photodetector; Photodetector output connects signals collecting and the puocessing module that comprises leakage signal identification and incident locating function, and signals collecting and puocessing module output connect microcomputer through external interface.Through the processing of signals collecting and puocessing module, realized the demultiplexing of each sensor in the sensor groups based on the sensor groups signal that the frequency division multiplexing mode is mixed, obtain original leakage vibration wave signal.
In order to protect optical fiber transducer, optical fiber transducer guard shield 16 is installed outside optical fiber transducer; Optical fiber transducer guard shield 16 is a bottom indent and the radian cover consistent with pipeline external surface.
Send laser by light source; After delivery optics realizes beam splitting; Part light is transferred to the optical fiber transducer group that is installed on the tube wall, and the optical fiber transducer group is picked up behind the leakage oscillating signal and noise of pipe transmmision, is transmitted back to the photodetector of system once more through delivery optics; Carry out leakage signal demodulation and discriminance analysis by signals collecting and puocessing module, and leakage signal is carried out time delay estimate to realize location leakage point.
The light path system (see figure 4) of this natural gas line leakage system mainly is based on the frequency division multiplexing principle and designs, and is made up of light source, light path ABAP Adapter, transmission cable and optical fiber transducer three parts; The light path ABAP Adapter is made up of beam splitter and combiner device; Optical fiber transducer adopts Mach-Zehnder interferometer or Michelson interferometer; Each optical fiber transducer connects the light path ABAP Adapter by two optical fiber, and all light path ABAP Adapters are connected in series with transmission cable successively, by apart from the nearest light path ABAP Adapter welding system main frame of receiving terminal.
The flow process of whole optical path system is: the launching fiber of light source in transmission cable sends exploring laser light; After arriving first light path ABAP Adapter; Beam splitter by this light path ABAP Adapter is divided into two bundle laser: a branch of another Shu Guangjing time delay optical fiber passes to next light path ABAP Adapter through first optical fiber transducer of launching fiber entering, is divided into two bundle laser by the beam splitter in the next light path ABAP Adapter again; Second optical fiber transducer of a branch of entering; Another Shu Zaijing Optical Fiber Transmission by that analogy, arrives last optical fiber transducer up to laser to next light path ABAP Adapter; At last optical fiber transducer of sensor groups, laser no longer through beam splitter, directly gets into optical fiber transducer; And through the optical signal behind each optical fiber transducer, the combiner device through in the corresponding light path ABAP Adapter separately passes the optical signal of coming with the back and closes bundle, after the passback optical fiber of corresponding sensor groups is transmitted back to the signal receiving end of monitoring system.Wherein said light path ABAP Adapter has been gathered beam splitter and combiner device; Launching fiber is two different fibre cores in the same transmission cable with the use of passback optical fiber; Transmission cable is together in series all light path ABAP Adapters; Launching fiber on the pipeline between adjacent two sensors all is greater than 1/2 of laser coherent length with the passback length of fiber, to reach the purpose that prevents that generation signals is crosstalked between the sensor.
To above-mentioned gas pipeline leakage fiber-optic monitoring system, the utility model discloses a kind of suitable multiplexed optical wave with and the special light source system of modulation.This light-source system constitutes (see figure 2) by optical frequency adjustable laser and special-purpose modulation signal generating module; The signal that produces in the modulation signal generating module connects the laser modulation signal input part through DA output; Modulation signal generating module output signal has frequency adjustment, amplitude adjusted and sawtooth wave/selection function of falling the sawtooth wave, can select like sawtooth wave or the modulation signal of falling the sawtooth wave type adjustment signalization amplitude and frequency through programming; Modulation signal acts on the laser, the continuous laser that exportable optical frequency changes according to modulation signal waveform rule.
Said light source is to be fit to special light source system multiplexing and modulation a kind of comprising, the semiconductor laser that the laser in the light source adopts optical frequency to modulate, modulation signal act on laser and inject on the electric current, realize the modulation of optical frequency; The laser coherent length need be poor greater than all the sensors interferometer brachium, and less than launching fiber between adjacent two interferometers and the time delay optical fiber length sum that returns on the optical fiber.The modulation signal that the modulation signal module outputs to laser is the sawtooth signal or the sawtooth signal of falling, and frequency is not less than the twice of leakage acoustic signals frequency to be detected; When injecting sawtooth wave or the optical frequency of falling sawtooth wave modulated laser; The interference signal of each sensor output is single-frequency cosine signal or approximate single-frequency cosine signal; The interference light signal of sensor groups output is the stack of the approximate single-frequency cosine signal of each sensor output in the sensor groups; Its frequency spectrum is made up of a plurality of independently spectral lines, and spectral line quantity is identical with sensor groups inner sensor quantity;
Modulation signal generating module in the light source adopts digital form to realize; Promptly calculate the modulation signal segment that obtains one-period according to wave mode, signal amplitude, frequency parameter through digital form; Export through digital-to-analog conversion (DA) mode then; The modulated-analog signal of output is connected on the laser, can select can adjust signalization amplitude, direct current biasing and frequency like sawtooth wave or the modulation signal of falling sawtooth wave type through parameter configuration; Laser after modulation output optical frequency is input in the sensing light path with the laser that the modulation signal synchronous waveform changes, and can realize multiplexing, the signal carrier that forms a plurality of sensors of sensor.
Wherein the modulation of source circuit is as shown in Figure 3, and it is mainly organized by operational amplifier U7, Distributed Feedback Laser U8, operational amplifier U9 and 2 triode Q4, Q5; The 7 termination VDC of U7; Connect with capacitor C 38 parallelly connected circuit again in the back of connecting with diode D8, capacitor C 41 behind the 6 terminating resistor R18; Meet VDC behind the 6 terminating resistor R19, what meet simultaneously diode D4, D5, D6, D7 again is connected in series to ground, 4,7,8,9,10 end ground connection; 3 ends are ground connection after resistance R 17,2 ends and the end that meets U8; 1, the 14 end ground connection of U8,12 ends are through capacitor C 34 ground connection, 5,11 termination VDC; 4 termination PDne; 6 termination TEC+, 3 ends are through choke coil L 3 and the collector electrode that meets triode Q4 after resistance R 20 is connected, and 3 ends are through choke coil L 3 and the collector electrode that meets triode Q5 after resistance R 21 is connected simultaneously; Between 1,2 ends of U9 shunt resistor R22 and capacitor C 39 backs by 1 terminating resistor R25 to 6 ends; Pdne connecting resistance R30 series resistors R27 again connects 3 ends of U9; The ground connection of connecting after the resistance R 30 that meets Pdne simultaneously and potentiometer resistance R31, resistance R 32, the capacitor C 43 three's parallel connections; 5 ends meet VREF through resistance R 24, and 7 ends connect capacitor C 45 to ground through resistance R 28 and 8 ends through resistance R 26 altogether; Pick out the base stage through diode D11, D12 to Q4 from the upper end of capacitor C 45, base stage connects capacitor C 44 to ground simultaneously, connects with resistance R 29 through diode D10 simultaneously and also arrives ground, and the base stage of Q4 connects the base stage of Q5, and the grounded-emitter connection of Q4, Q5.
The relative modulation principle of this light-source system, gas pipeline leakage fiber-optic monitoring system has adopted the vibration wave demodulation principle block diagram of optical fiber transducer multiplex/demultiplex method to see Figure 13, interference signal output tape splicing pass filter, bandpass filtering export one the tunnel with cos ω
0T joins and connects first lower pass-filter after (multiplying each other), and this lower pass-filter output connects first differentiator, another road and sin ω
0T joins, and connects second lower pass-filter after multiplying each other, and this lower pass-filter output connects second differentiator; Output of first differentiator and the output of second lower pass-filter are joined, and join with output of second differentiator and the output of first lower pass-filter after multiplying each other again, and join after multiplying each other again, and successively through integration, high-pass filtering, export acoustic signals after subtracting each other.
The formation of said signals collecting and puocessing module is seen Fig. 6, and it comprises that signal condition unit, signal gathering unit, processing unit, terminal show and external interface that processing unit comprises recognition circuit and positioning circuit; The signal of photodetector output is connected in series signal condition unit, signal gathering unit and processing unit successively; The signal of collecting unit collection is carried out demultiplexing to processing unit and demodulation obtains original vibration wave signal, in recognition circuit and positioning circuit, carry out respectively then leakage signal identification and the location of leakage point; Processing unit output has video terminal and external interface;
It is as shown in Figure 7 wherein to nurse one's health element circuit, and it mainly is made up of operational amplifier U14, photoelectric diode U15; 1,5,8 ends of U15 are unsettled, 3,4 end ground connection, and 2 ends connect 6 ends after resistance R 39, capacitor C 60 the two parallel connection, and 6 ends connect 3 ends of U14,8 ends of 7 termination U14 through resistance R 43; The 4 end ground connection of U14,5 ends are unsettled, and 6,7 ends meet AD_VINI altogether, and 1 termination AD_OUT mouth, 2 ends be through resistance R 42 ground connection, the two parallel connection of connecting resistance R40 between 1,2 ends, capacitor C 59;
Recognition circuit in the processing unit is shown in figure 14, and it mainly is made up of DSP digital signal processor U1B and peripheral circuit, and the NC1-NC15 pin of U1B is unsettled; AVDD, AGND are analog power input, and AVDD connects the 1.3V power supply through magnetic bead FER1, and parallel connection 3 capacitor C 22, C23, C24 filtering of decoupling between AVDD and AGND; DAI1, DAI3, DAI4 are connected the transmission that is used for data with DR0PRI, RSCLK0, the RFS0 of positioning circuit DSP digital signal processor U10 respectively; DAI9-DAI20 is an expansion interface; DPI 9, DPI10 connect external interface circuit;
Positioning circuit in the processing unit is shown in figure 15; It mainly is made up of DSP digital signal processor U10 and peripheral circuit and interface; The DR0PRI of U10, RSCLK0, RFS0 are connected with DAI1, DAI3, the DAI4 of recognition circuit DSP digital signal processor U1B respectively and are used to receive data; RX, TX, MOSI, MISO, SCK connect the video terminal interface, and TCK, TDO, TDI, TMS, TRST#, EMU# are debugging interface.
Said sensor adopts Michelson interferometer.Each optical fiber transducer is according to equidistantly being installed in pipe surface; Every 2-10 adjacent sensor formed a sensor groups; Each sensor adopts parallel way to be connected to transmission fiber (being launching fiber and passback optical fiber) in every group; The place that each sensor is connected with transmission fiber uses beam splitter and bundle-mixer to realize the beam splitting of light and close bundle (being the light path ABAP Adapter), and the transmission fiber length between adjacent two sensors is greater than 1/2 of laser coherent length; The corresponding photoelectric conversion passage that independently interference light signal of each sensor groups is converted into electrical signal of each sensor groups.
The I type structure of said optical fiber transducer is seen Figure 10, and I type structure is to survey pipeline radial vibration signal, and each sensor comprises: elastic cylinder, fibre optic interferometer and tail optical fiber fiber management tray; Wherein, the interference arm of uniform sequential winding fibre optic interferometer on the elastic cylinder periphery, and with tackiness agent optical fiber and cylindrical body are bonded together, twine remaining fibre optic interferometer in back and related device thereof with neat being coiled in the tail optical fiber fiber management tray; The tail optical fiber fiber management tray passes through adhesive at the elastic cylinder top.Described elastic cylinder bottom indent, and radian is consistent with pipeline external surface.The radial vibration that produces during gas pipeline leakage lets elastic cylinder generation deformation, drives the fibre optic interferometer that the elastic cylinder periphery twines deformation also takes place, and changes the state of the light of transmission in the optical fiber thus, so that is arrived by the leakage monitoring Equipment Inspection.
Another kind is used for the optical fiber transducer II type structure of natural gas line leakage axial vibration signal and sees Figure 11, and this optical fiber transducer is made up of rectangular spring sheet, fibre optic interferometer and tail optical fiber fiber management tray; Concrete structure is on the rectangular spring sheet; The fiber optic interferometric arm of fibre optic interferometer is evenly laid with the shape of sine wave; And with tackiness agent optical fiber is close on the rectangular spring sheet, remaining fibre optic interferometer and related device thereof are with neat being coiled in the tail optical fiber fiber management tray; The tail optical fiber fiber management tray passes through adhesive on the rectangular spring sheet.Described rectangular spring sheet is a bottom indent and the radian steel sheet consistent with pipeline external surface; The axial vibration that produces during gas pipeline leakage lets rectangular spring sheet generation deformation, drives the fibre optic interferometer that coils above the rectangular spring sheet deformation also takes place, and changes the state of the light of transmission in the optical fiber thus, so that is detected by rear end equipment.
Wherein have the sponge layer in the shell of two kinds of sensors, mainly play isolating pipelines wall external interference signal and fixing protection sensor.
Theory diagram based on Fibre Optical Sensor natural gas line leakage system light path multiplexing structure is seen Figure 12; Optical fiber is penetrated in light source sending and receiving after special-purpose modulation signal generating module; Launching fiber is connected in series a plurality of light path ABAP Adapters; Each light path ABAP Adapter connects an optical fiber transducer by an optical fiber; A plurality of optical fiber transducers are an optical fiber transducer group, and each is connected to photoelectric converter by a passback optical fiber again by an optical fiber and after connecing the optical fiber transducer of each optical fiber transducer group, and photoelectric converter output connects signals collecting and puocessing module.
The utility model is with the optical fiber transducer that need not the to supply power pick device as leakage signal; Utilize the optical fiber and the recovery of laying with ditch to use technology to realize the signal remote transmission of optical fibre vibration sensor with pipeline; Solved the difficult problem of electric transducer power supply and telecommunication; Laying optical fiber vibration transducer comparatively thick and fast, multisensor are united and are carried out time delay and estimate to improve the Location accuracy to leakage point; The sensitivity of optical fibre vibration sensor is the several times of traditional sonic transducer in addition, can significantly improve the degree of accuracy that the natural gas line minute leakage is detected;
And false alarm rate is low, be not subject to Effect of Environmental.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 Fibre Optical Sensor natural gas line leakage system principle diagram
The modulation principle figure of Fig. 2 optical frequency adjustable type light source
Fig. 3 modulation of source circuit diagram
Fig. 4 Fibre Optical Sensor natural gas line leakage system light path system
Fig. 5 light path adapter structure and delivery optics figure
Fig. 6 signals collecting and puocessing module structural drawing
Signal condition element circuit figure in Fig. 7 signals collecting and the puocessing module
Fig. 8 Michelson's interferometer type Fundamentals of Sensors figure
Fig. 9 Mach-Zehnder interferometer Fundamentals of Sensors figure
Figure 10 optical fiber transducer I type structural drawing
Figure 11 optical fiber transducer II type structural drawing
Figure 12 Fibre Optical Sensor natural gas line leakage system light path multiplexing structure figure
Figure 13 Fibre Optical Sensor natural gas line leakage system vibration ripple demodulation principle block diagram
Signal processing unit recognition circuit figure in Figure 14 signals collecting and the puocessing module
Signal processing unit positioning circuit figure in Figure 15 signals collecting and the puocessing module
Wherein 1,1-1 ..., 1-n-beam splitter 2,2-1 ..., 2-n, 15-optical fiber transducer
3,3-1 ..., 3-n-combiner device 4,5,6,7,8,9-time delay optical fiber
10-tail optical fiber fiber management tray 11-transmission cable
12-elastic cylinder 13-sensor fibre
14-rectangular spring sheet 16-sensor shield
17-pipeline body 18-natural gas line external surface coating
The outer steel pipe walls of 19-natural gas line
Embodiment
In conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the utility model is further specified, but should not limit the protection domain of the utility model with this.
Embodiment. this routine formation is as shown in Figure 1; Every separated 1.5km installs an optical fiber transducer on pipeline body, and 10 sensors are installed altogether, and preceding 5 sensors and back 5 sensors constitute a sensor groups respectively; An optical fiber in all optical fiber transducer group common transmitted optical cables is connected with system source; As launching fiber, simultaneously each optical fiber transducer group uses optical fiber in the transmission cable to be connected with the system photodetector again alone, as returning optical fiber; Photodetector output termination comprises the signals collecting and the puocessing module of leakage signal identification and incident locating function, and signals collecting and puocessing module output connect microcomputer through external interface.
This routine light path system (see figure 4) is based on the frequency division multiplexing principle and designs, and each optical fiber transducer connects the light path ABAP Adapter by two optical fiber, and all light path ABAP Adapters are connected in series with transmission cable successively, by apart from the nearest light path ABAP Adapter welding system main frame of receiving terminal; Concrete optical routing light path ABAP Adapter, transmission cable and optical fiber transducer three parts constitute; The light path ABAP Adapter is made up of beam splitter and combiner device; Optical fiber transducer adopts the interferometer of Michelson-structure.
Specifically linking in the said light path system between each optical member is as shown in Figure 5, and the detection light that light source sends gets into the beam splitting apparatus 1-1 in the light path ABAP Adapter through transmission fiber, and it is 9: 1 that this beam splitting apparatus 1-1 adopts splitting ratio; Wherein ratio is that 9 output light continues to propagate along time delay optical fiber 4; Until light path ABAP Adapter 1-2, and export ratio is first sensor of output light entering 2-1 of 1, and sensor 2-1 adopts the Michelson's interferometer structure; The arm difference is 5m; 3m long optic fiber on arm of this interferometer is wound on the elastomer of rubber material, and elastomer is close to tube wall, adopts protective housing to fix; Beam splitting apparatus 12 among the light path ABAP Adapter 1-2 adopts 8: 1 splitting ratio; Wherein ratio is that 8 output light continues to be transmitted to next light path ABAP Adapter along time delay optical fiber; And export ratio is second sensor 2-2 of output light entering of 1; This sensor adopts Michelson's interferometer structure and control interferometer arm difference at 7.5m equally, and the optical fiber that 3m on the arm is long is wound on the elastomer of rubber material, and elastomer is close to tube wall and is fixed; By that analogy; All the other sensor brachium difference Wei 10m, 12.5m, 15m; Beam splitting apparatus splitting ratio in the corresponding ABAP Adapter was respectively 7: 1,6: 1,5: 1,4: 1,3: 1,2: 1,1: 1, during to a last sensor, and laser direct entering sensor after time delay optical fiber; The output of the sensor (2-1)-(2-4) in first sensor groups respectively with preceding four ABAP Adapters in bundle-mixer return optical fiber and be connected with one; The splitting ratio of 4 bundle-mixers is respectively 4: 1,3: 1,2: 1,1: 1; Each sensor is that 1 input end is connected with the bundle-mixer ratio all; Sensor 25 outputs connect passback optical fiber, and then connect the bundle-mixer in the 4th ABAP Adapter; Similarly; The arm length difference of five sensors in second sensor groups is respectively 5m, 7.5m, 10m, 12.5m, 15m; Same bundle-mixer and another root passback optical fiber that passes through in the ABAP Adapter is connected, and the bundle-mixer splitting ratio is respectively 4: 1,3: 1,2: 1,1: 1; Two sensor groups use two passback optical fiber to be connected with two ALT-CH alternate channels of photoelectric conversion module respectively altogether;
Said light source is to be fit to special light source system multiplexing and modulation a kind of comprising, laser and the special-purpose modulation signal generating module adjustable by optical frequency constitute (see figure 2); Modulation signal that light source adds is the sawtooth signal of frequency 10kHz, amplitude ± 1.4V, and the interference signal frequency spectrum of sensor groups output mainly is made up of 40kHz, 60kHz, 80kHz, 100kHz, five spectral lines of 120kHz; Use CF center frequency to be 40kHz, 60kHz, 80kHz, 100kHz, 120kHz respectively; The band-pass filter that bandwidth is 4.5kHz carries out filtering to interference signal; Obtain the carrier signal of five sensors, corresponding main frequency is respectively 40kHz, 60kHz, 80kHz, 100kHz, 120kHz; Five carrier signals uses are carried out demodulation with cosine and sinusoidal signal frequently, obtain the leakage vibration wave signal of five sensors;
Wherein the modulation of source circuit is as shown in Figure 3, and it is mainly organized by operational amplifier U7, Distributed Feedback Laser U8, operational amplifier U9 and 2 triode Q4, Q5; The 7 termination VDC of U7; Connect with capacitor C 38 parallelly connected circuit again in the back of connecting with diode D8, capacitor C 41 behind the 6 terminating resistor R18; Meet VDC behind the 6 terminating resistor R19, what meet simultaneously diode D4, D5, D6, D7 again is connected in series to ground, 4,7,8,9,10 end ground connection; 3 ends are ground connection after resistance R 17,2 ends and the end that meets U8; 1, the 14 end ground connection of U8,12 ends are through capacitor C 34 ground connection, 5,11 termination VDC; 4 termination PDne; 6 termination TEC+, 3 ends are through choke coil L3 and the collector electrode that meets triode Q4 after resistance R 20 is connected, and 3 ends are through choke coil L3 and the collector electrode that meets triode Q5 after resistance R 21 is connected simultaneously; Between 1,2 ends of U9 shunt resistor R22 and capacitor C 39 backs by 1 terminating resistor R25 to 6 ends; Pdne connecting resistance R30 series resistors R27 again connects 3 ends of U9; The ground connection of connecting after the resistance R 30 that meets Pdne simultaneously and potentiometer resistance R31, resistance R 32, the capacitor C 43 three's parallel connections; 5 ends meet VREF through resistance R 24, and 7 ends connect capacitor C 45 to ground through resistance R 28 and 8 ends through resistance R 26 altogether; Pick out the base stage through diode D11, D12 to Q4 from the upper end of capacitor C 45, base stage connects capacitor C 44 to ground simultaneously, connects with resistance R 29 through diode D10 simultaneously and also arrives ground, and the base stage of Q4 connects the base stage of Q5, and the grounded-emitter connection of Q4, Q5;
Wherein: operational amplifier U7 selects AD623; Laser U8 selects the internal modulation semiconductor light sources; Operational amplifier U9 selects AD8572; Triode Q4, Q5 select NPN9014;
The formation of said signals collecting and puocessing module is seen Fig. 6, and it comprises that signal condition unit, signal gathering unit, processing unit, terminal show and external interface that processing unit comprises recognition circuit and positioning circuit; The signal of photodetector output is connected in series signal condition unit, signal gathering unit and processing unit successively; The signal of collecting unit collection is carried out demultiplexing to processing unit and demodulation obtains original vibration wave signal, in recognition circuit and positioning circuit, carry out respectively then leakage signal identification and the location of leakage point; Processing unit output has video terminal and external interface;
It is as shown in Figure 7 wherein to nurse one's health element circuit, and it mainly is made up of operational amplifier U14, photoelectric diode U15; 1,5,8 ends of U15 are unsettled, 3,4 end ground connection, and 2 ends connect 6 ends after resistance R 39, capacitor C 60 the two parallel connection, and 6 ends connect 3 ends of U14,8 ends of 7 termination U14 through resistance R 43; The 4 end ground connection of U14,5 ends are unsettled, and 6,7 ends meet AD_VINI altogether, and 1 termination AD_OUT mouth, 2 ends be through resistance R 42 ground connection, the two parallel connection of connecting resistance R40 between 1,2 ends, capacitor C 59;
Wherein: operational amplifier U14 selects AD8572; Photoelectric diode U15 selects OPA380AID;
Recognition circuit in the processing unit is shown in figure 14, and it mainly is made up of DSP digital signal processor U1B and peripheral circuit, and the NC1-NC15 pin of U1B is unsettled; AVDD, AGND are analog power input, and AVDD connects the 1.3V power supply through magnetic bead FER1, and parallel connection 3 capacitor C 22, C23, C24 filtering of decoupling between AVDD and AGND; DAI1, DAI3, DAI4 are connected the transmission that is used for data with DR0PRI, RSCLK0, the RFS0 of positioning circuit DSP digital signal processor U10 respectively; DAI9-DAI20 is an expansion interface; DPI 9, DPI10 connect external interface circuit; Wherein, DSP digital signal processor U1B selects ADSP-21369;
Positioning circuit in the processing unit is as shown in Figure 6; It mainly is made up of DSP digital signal processor U10 and peripheral circuit and interface; The DR0PRI of U10, RSCLK0, RFS0 are connected with DAI1, DAI3, the DAI4 of recognition circuit DSP digital signal processor U1B respectively and are used to receive data; RX, TX, MOSI, MISO, SCK connect the video terminal interface, and TCK, TDO, TDI, TMS, TRST#, EMU# are debugging interface; Wherein DSP digital signal processor U10 selects BF561.
Said sensor construction I type such as Figure 10 are made up of elastic cylinder 12 and sensor fibre 13; When on pipeline, installing and using elastic cylinder is attached on the natural gas line; Sensor construction II type such as Figure 11; Be made up of sensor fibre 13, fiber management tray 10 and spring sheet 14, production method forms according to the form coiling of Figure 11, sticks on the pipe surface that anticorrosive coat left by plane with adhesive glue during installation; Mounting type is realized picking up the pipeline body vibration shown in accompanying drawing 12;
When the pipeline between sensor n and the sensor n+1 takes place to leak; Leaking the vibration wave that causes is picked up by sensor n-1, n, n+1 and n+2 respectively through the regular hour along pipe transmmision; Receive time difference of leakage signal according to adjacent a plurality of sensors, and the combining vibration ripple can be realized the location of leakage point more accurately in ducted velocity of propagation.
This example is through test of many times; Can realize monitoring through on tube wall, install leaking the vibration sensing interferometric sensor along any disturbance behavior of pipe transmmision; Through realizing incident of leakage is reported to the police and provided the leakage point position signal analysis and processing and intelligent recognition; System sensitivity is high, through the intelligent recognition of leaking has been reduced system's false alarm rate that incident causes largely.
Claims (10)
1. natural gas line leakage system based on Fibre Optical Sensor; It is characterized in that it comprises light path system and circuit two-part; An optical fiber transducer is installed on pipeline body at a certain distance; Adjacent a plurality of optical fiber transducers constitute an optical fiber transducer group, and the shared launching fiber of each optical fiber transducer group is connected with light source, and each optical fiber transducer group uses a passback optical fiber to be connected with photodetector; Photodetector output connects signals collecting and the puocessing module that comprises leakage signal identification and incident locating function, and signals collecting and puocessing module output connect microcomputer through external interface;
Send laser by light source; Realize being transferred to the optical fiber transducer group that is installed on the tube wall after the beam splitting through delivery optics; The optical fiber transducer group is picked up behind the leakage oscillating signal and noise of pipe transmmision; Be transmitted back to the photodetector of system once more through delivery optics, carry out leakage signal demodulation and discriminance analysis, and leakage signal is carried out time delay estimate to realize location leakage point by signals collecting and puocessing module.
2. a kind of natural gas line leakage system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that said light path system is based on the frequency division multiplexing principle, is made up of light path ABAP Adapter, transmission cable and optical fiber transducer three parts; The light path ABAP Adapter is made up of beam splitter and combiner device; Optical fiber transducer adopts Mach-Zehnder interferometer or Michelson interferometer; Each optical fiber transducer connects a light path ABAP Adapter by two optical fiber, and all light path ABAP Adapters are connected in series successively, by apart from the nearest light path ABAP Adapter welding system main frame of receiving terminal.
3. a kind of natural gas line leakage system according to claim 2 based on Fibre Optical Sensor; It is characterized in that said light path system specifically is to arrive first light path ABAP Adapter after input optical fibre in the exploring laser light input transmission cable that sends of laser gets into sensor groups; Beam splitter by this light path ABAP Adapter is divided into two bundle laser: a branch of through first optical fiber transducer of input optical fibre entering; Another Shu Guangjing time delay optical fiber passes to next light path ABAP Adapter; Be divided into two bundle laser by the beam splitter in the next light path ABAP Adapter again, second optical fiber transducer of a branch of entering, another Shu Zaijing transmission fiber is transferred to next light path ABAP Adapter; By that analogy, arrive last optical fiber transducer up to laser; Adjacent a plurality of optical fiber transducers are divided into one group, and the interference signal of each optical fiber transducer inserts passback optical fiber through the combiner device in the group, transfers back to system receiving terminal; At last optical fiber transducer of sensor groups, laser no longer through the light path ABAP Adapter, directly gets into optical fiber transducer; And through the optical signal behind each optical fiber transducer, the combiner device through in the corresponding light path ABAP Adapter separately passes the optical signal of coming with the back and closes bundle, finally reaches the photoelectric conversion module of monitoring system through the passback optical fiber of corresponding sensor groups;
Said light path ABAP Adapter has been gathered beam splitter and combiner device; Launching fiber is two different fibre cores in the same transmission cable with the use of passback optical fiber; Transmission cable is together in series all light path ABAP Adapters; Launching fiber on the pipeline between adjacent two sensors all is greater than 1/2 of laser coherent length with the passback length of fiber, to prevent that generation signals is crosstalked between the sensor.
4. a kind of natural gas line leakage system according to claim 1 based on Fibre Optical Sensor; It is characterized in that said light source is to be fit to special light source system multiplexing and modulation a kind of comprising, laser and the special-purpose modulation signal generating module adjustable by optical frequency constitute; The laser modulation input connects the D/A output in the modulation signal generating module, and the modulation signal generating module has frequency adjustment, amplitude adjusted and the sawtooth wave/selection of falling sawtooth wave input; Select like sawtooth wave or the modulation signal of falling the sawtooth wave type adjustment signalization amplitude and frequency through programming; Modulation signal acts on laser, the laser that the output optical frequency changes with the modulation signal synchronous waveform.
5. a kind of natural gas line leakage system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that said special-purpose modulation signal generating module is mainly by operational amplifier U7, Distributed Feedback Laser U8, operational amplifier U9 and 2 triode Q4, Q5 group; The 7 termination VDC of U7; Connect with capacitor C 38 parallelly connected circuit again in the back of connecting with diode D8, capacitor C 41 behind the 6 terminating resistor R18; Meet VDC behind the 6 terminating resistor R19, what meet simultaneously diode D4, D5, D6, D7 again is connected in series to ground, 4,7,8,9,10 end ground connection; 3 ends are ground connection after resistance R 17,2 ends and the end that meets U8; 1, the 14 end ground connection of U8,12 ends are through capacitor C 34 ground connection, 5,11 termination VDC; 4 termination PDne; 6 termination TEC+, 3 ends are through choke coil L 3 and the collector electrode that meets triode Q4 after resistance R 20 is connected, and 3 ends are through choke coil L 3 and the collector electrode that meets triode Q5 after resistance R 21 is connected simultaneously; Between 1,2 ends of U9 shunt resistor R22 and capacitor C 39 backs by 1 terminating resistor R25 to 6 ends; Pdne connecting resistance R30 series resistors R27 again connects 3 ends of U9; The ground connection of connecting after the resistance R 30 that meets Pdne simultaneously and potentiometer resistance R31, resistance R 32, the capacitor C 43 three's parallel connections; 5 ends meet VREF through resistance R 24, and 7 ends connect capacitor C 45 to ground through resistance R 28 and 8 ends through resistance R 26 altogether; Pick out the base stage through diode D11, D12 to Q4 from the upper end of capacitor C 45, base stage connects capacitor C 44 to ground simultaneously, connects with resistance R 29 through diode D10 simultaneously and also arrives ground, and the base stage of Q4 connects the base stage of Q5, and the grounded-emitter connection of Q4, Q5.
6. a kind of natural gas line leakage system according to claim 1 based on Fibre Optical Sensor; It is characterized in that said signals collecting and puocessing module comprise that signal condition unit, signal gathering unit, processing unit, terminal show and external interface that processing unit comprises recognition circuit and positioning circuit; The signal of photodetector output is connected in series signal condition unit, signal gathering unit and processing unit successively; The signal of collecting unit collection is carried out demultiplexing to processing unit and demodulation obtains original vibration wave signal, in recognition circuit and positioning circuit, carry out respectively then leakage signal identification and the location of leakage point; Processing unit output has video terminal and external interface.
7. a kind of natural gas line leakage system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 6 is characterized in that said signal condition element circuit mainly is made up of operational amplifier U14, photoelectric diode U15; 1,5,8 ends of U15 are unsettled, 3,4 end ground connection, and 2 ends connect 6 ends after resistance R 39, capacitor C 60 the two parallel connection, and 6 ends connect 3 ends of U14,8 ends of 7 termination U14 through resistance R 43; The 4 end ground connection of U14,5 ends are unsettled, and 6,7 ends meet AD_VINI altogether, and 1 termination AD_OUT mouth, 2 ends be through resistance R 42 ground connection, the two parallel connection of connecting resistance R40 between 1,2 ends, capacitor C 59.
8. the leakage point navigation system of a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor natural gas line leakage according to claim 6 system; It is characterized in that said processing unit comprises recognition circuit and positioning circuit; Wherein recognition circuit is made up of DSP digital signal processor U1B and peripheral circuit, and the NC1-NC15 pin of U1B is unsettled; AVDD, AGND are analog power input, and AVDD connects the 1.3V power supply through magnetic bead FER1, and parallel connection 3 capacitor C 22, C23, C24 filtering of decoupling between AVDD and AGND; DAI1, DAI3, DAI4 are connected the transmission that is used for data with DR0PRI, RSCLK0, the RFS0 of positioning circuit DSP digital signal processor U10 respectively; DAI9-DAI20 is an expansion interface; DPI9, DPI10 connect external interface circuit; Positioning circuit mainly is made up of DSP digital signal processor U10 and peripheral circuit and interface; The DR0PRI of U10, RSCLK0, RFS 0 are connected with DAI1, DAI3, the DAI4 of recognition circuit DSP digital signal processor U1B respectively and are used to receive data; RX, TX, MOSI, MISO, SCK connect the video terminal interface, and TCK, TDO, TDI, TMS, TRST#, EMU# are debugging interface.
9. a kind of natural gas line leakage system based on Fibre Optical Sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that the structure of said optical fiber transducer is divided into the I type structure of surveying pipeline radial vibration signal and the II type structure of surveying the pipeline axial oscillating signal; The optical fiber transducer I type structure of surveying pipeline radial vibration signal comprises: elastic cylinder, fibre optic interferometer and tail optical fiber fiber management tray; Wherein, the interference arm of uniform sequential winding fibre optic interferometer on the elastic cylinder periphery, and with tackiness agent optical fiber and cylindrical body are bonded together, twine remaining fibre optic interferometer in back and related device thereof with neat being coiled in the tail optical fiber fiber management tray; The tail optical fiber fiber management tray passes through adhesive at the elastic cylinder top; Said elastic cylinder bottom indent, and radian is consistent with pipeline external surface; Surveying the optical fiber transducer II type structure of pipeline axial oscillating signal is made up of rectangular spring sheet, fibre optic interferometer and tail optical fiber fiber management tray; On the rectangular spring sheet; The fiber optic interferometric arm of fibre optic interferometer is evenly laid with the shape of sine wave; And with tackiness agent optical fiber is close on the rectangular spring sheet, remaining fibre optic interferometer and related device thereof are with neat being coiled in the tail optical fiber fiber management tray; The tail optical fiber fiber management tray passes through adhesive on the rectangular spring sheet; Described rectangular spring sheet is a bottom indent and the radian steel sheet consistent with pipeline external surface.
10. a kind of natural gas line leakage system according to claim 1 based on Fibre Optical Sensor; The theory diagram that it is characterized in that said light path multiplexing structure is: the modulation signal effect that special-purpose modulation signal generating module is sent connects the modulation of source input; Optical fiber is penetrated in light source output sending and receiving; Launching fiber is connected in series a plurality of light path ABAP Adapters, and each light path ABAP Adapter connects an optical fiber transducer by an optical fiber, and a plurality of optical fiber transducers are an optical fiber transducer group; Each is connected to photodetector by a passback optical fiber again by an optical fiber and after connecing the optical fiber transducer of each optical fiber transducer group, and photodetector output connects signals collecting and puocessing module.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102997057A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical fiber sensor-based natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring method and system and installation method for system |
| CN102997061A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical fiber sensor-based natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring system |
| CN106155029A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-23 | 国网河南省电力公司南阳供电公司 | A kind of substation monitoring system of remote online |
| CN107906376A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-13 | 黑龙江恒讯科技有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber gas security device based on PON technologies |
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2011
- 2011-09-14 CN CN201120344902.9U patent/CN202252869U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102997057A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical fiber sensor-based natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring method and system and installation method for system |
| CN102997061A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2013-03-27 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical fiber sensor-based natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring system |
| CN102997057B (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2014-08-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical fiber sensor-based natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring method and system and installation method for system |
| CN102997061B (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2015-05-13 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Optical fiber sensor-based natural gas pipeline leakage monitoring system |
| CN106155029A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-23 | 国网河南省电力公司南阳供电公司 | A kind of substation monitoring system of remote online |
| CN107906376A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-04-13 | 黑龙江恒讯科技有限公司 | A kind of optical fiber gas security device based on PON technologies |
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