CN102011940B - Distributed optical fiber and flow pressure value-based pipeline leakage joint detection method - Google Patents
Distributed optical fiber and flow pressure value-based pipeline leakage joint detection method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a distributed optical fiber and flow pressure value-based pipeline leakage joint detection method, which belongs to the field of pipeline leakage monitoring. A Sagnac interferometer principle-based distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detection method is adopted in a ship pipeline and an optical switch is used at a light source outlet in place of an optical fiber coupler; complete light returning equipment is adopted at the tail end of the pipeline to replace an optical fiber ring structure; a flow sensor and a pressure sensor are arranged at the inlet of each section of pipeline respectively, and a pressure sensor is arranged at the outlet of each section of pipeline; an inlet flow threshold value and an inlet-outlet pressure difference threshold value are set for each section of pipeline; a phase difference characteristic signal and a flow and pressure variation signal generated by an optical fiber sensor are acquired to a computer and analyzed; when the two signals indicate that leakage occurs, the section of pipeline leaks; and when one signal indicates that the leakage occurs, the working condition of a system is continuously investigated on site manually so as to judge whether the leakage occurs. The method is suitable to be applied to the ship pipeline.
Description
Invention field
The present invention relates to a kind of pipeline leakage joint detection method based on distribution type fiber-optic and flow pressure value, belong to the line leakage field.
Background technology
Pipeline is the important component part of marine system, and the media such as the oil in the boats and ships, water, steam, pressure-air all are to transmit by different pipe systems.The sudden change of the pipeline inner pressure that causes owing to system works is undesired, seawater washes away for a long time and the reason such as corrosion produces system pipeline or coupling (such as flange, joint etc.) to leak, cause very large harm can for the safety of boats and ships.Especially large latus rectum sea pipeline, they mostly are arranged in the cabin bottom, and the pipeline top generally all is covered with the sliding rail plate, and it is inner that the part pipeline section also is arranged in the watertight liquid tank, is not easy to direct observation.If large latus rectum sea pipeline occurs to leak or be damaged, external dynamic sea will be poured in the cabin by leakage hole, directly affects the vitality of boats and ships.Present stage, the judgement that ship pipeline leaks mainly is the artificial or relatively simple and crude instrument of dependence, and this also is unfavorable in time processing and decreases the event of running affairs not only bad for the duty of grasping pipeline.Set up pipeline leakage checking system, can the real-time monitoring tubular line state, judge in time scope and the degree of leaking, to be convenient in time adopt remedial measures, the Leakage prevention fault spread reduces unnecessary loss.
Existing oil, rock gas and town water is isometric mainly contains negative pressure wave method, flow equilibrium method and pressure trapezoidal method etc. apart from Discussion on Pipe Leakage Detection Technology, in recent years, along with the development of optical fiber sensing technology, the long-distance distributed optical fiber sensing technology also begins to be applied to pipeline leakage testing.Chinese invention patent application 200610113044.0 has proposed a kind of bilinear type pipeline leakage testing device based on Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques, its principal feature is to form two Sagnac interferometers by a covering device, can be simultaneously the sensor fibre of two interferometers be laid on the different buses of pipeline, realization is along the circumferential Leak Detection of pipeline, and the detection sensitivity of this device is high, at the bottom of the rate of failing to report, optical power loss is little, can realize pipe long-distance, little Leak Detection and location.This sensing technology mainly is applicable to large latus rectum, long distance, ground unrest is more single and the pipeline fluidised form is more stable pipeline leakage testing.When detecting the pipeline that diameter is less and branch road is many, adopt two Ssgnac interferometers to make detection system complicated at a pipeline, and be not easy to arrange that system reliability reduces; Simultaneously, when flow noise was complicated in the ground unrest that detects pipeline and the pipeline, the false alarm rate of system raise.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, apart from weak point, pipe network are complicated, branch road is many, the pipeline fluidised form is unstable, characteristics such as flow noise operating mode complexity in the cabin ground unrest complexity, pipeline, a kind of pipeline leakage joint detection method based on distribution type fiber-optic and flow pressure value has been proposed for ship pipeline.
This method is by technological improvement, adopts simultaneously two kinds of methods of distributing optical fiber sensing method and flow rate pressure method to detect to make a policy on a pipeline, and the technical program is described below:
In ship pipeline, adopt the distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detection method based on Sagnac interferometer principle, photoswitch substituted for optical fibers coupling mechanism is adopted in light source exit therein, Fibre Optical Sensor on each pipeline is carried out timesharing detect, the Fibre Optical Sensor quantity that in marine system, arranges for numerous branch roads with effective expansion.At the pipeline end complete light echo equipment is set, substitutes based on the fiber optic loop structure in the distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detection method of Sagnac interferometer principle, be used for the reciprocity problem of resolution system.
Fibre Optical Sensor arranges along the line that in marine piping except pipeline flange, all the other all are arranged in BOP, and are close to pipeline.
The arrangement of Fibre Optical Sensor on pipeline flange twines layout for press close to the sealing surface place along flange outer diameter.
Further, reply is laid in Fibre Optical Sensor on the pipeline and carries out armouring or nonmetal sleeve is installed is protected.
Further, should select, the not Fibre Optical Sensor of frangibility little to highly sensitive, the counter-bending loss of high-frequency signal.
Every section pipeline inflow point 1 flow sensor and 1 pressure transducer are set respectively, the exit arranges 1 pressure transducer, and the inlet flow rate, the import-top hole pressure that are used for every section pipeline of real-time detection are poor; According to the nominal situation of pipe system, detect and inlet flow rate and the import-top hole pressure situation of change of analysis of pipeline in the damaged situation of appearance, inlet flow rate threshold value and import-top hole pressure difference limen value is set respectively; When inlet flow rate, the import-top hole pressure of the every section pipeline that detects are poor when surpassing corresponding threshold value, think that this section pipeline has occured damaged and leaks.
Phase differential characteristic signal with Fibre Optical Sensor generation on the pipeline, and the signal of the flow sensor of respective line and pressure transducer gathers simultaneously to computing machine and analyzing and processing, when all showing, phase differential characteristic signal and inlet flow rate, import-top hole pressure difference signal determine that then this section pipeline leaks when occuring to leak; And only when the phase differential characteristic signal, perhaps inlet flow rate and import-top hole pressure difference signal shows and shows when occuring to leak when occuring to leak, then by manually system condition being carried out the inspection of the scene of a crime, really reveal judging whether, and then warning.
Complicated according to the Ship Vibration noise, the characteristics of pipeline environment humidity, optoelectronic device is upper outside except Fibre Optical Sensor is arranged in pipeline in the system, and miscellaneous equipment carries out integrative packaging and takes damping and anti-interference quarantine measures.
The contrast prior art, technical solution of the present invention has proposed a kind of based on distribution type fiber-optic and flow pressure associating pipeline leakage detection method, its beneficial effect is, detect owing to adopt photoswitch substituted for optical fibers coupling mechanism that each Fibre Optical Sensor is carried out timesharing, effectively enlarge the Fibre Optical Sensor quantity that in marine system, arranges for numerous branch roads.At the pipeline end complete light echo equipment is set, substitutes based on the fiber optic loop structure in the distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detection method of Sagnac interferometer principle, solved the reciprocity problem of system.This method is simple and reliable; Joint-detection realizes the decision making package of warning, and is with strong complementarity, is difficult for wrong report, fails to report; Can monitor multi-pipeline simultaneously, it is more to detect number of tubes, and economy is more remarkable.Be specially adapted to marine system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is improved sagnac Fiber Duct leak detection system structural representation among the present invention;
Fig. 2 is existing sagnac Fiber Duct leak detection system structural representation;
Fig. 3 is flow rate pressure pipeline leakage checking system principle schematic; 1-import hull valve wherein; 2-inlet flow rate sensor; The 3-inlet pressure sensor; 4-arm stop valve; The 5-outlet pressure sensor; The 6-damping hose; The 7-driving pump;
Fig. 4 is disturbance event sort module combination table of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is distributed optical fiber pipeline Leak Detection interface in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is that flow pressure detects the interface in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with technical scheme and description of drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention.The improved distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detection method embodiment partly based on Sagnac interferometer principle that uses among the present invention, as shown in Figure 1.
Principle of the present invention is:
The distributing optical fiber sensing method is to adopt a kind of distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detection method based on Sagnac interferometer principle.The pipeline leakage of the method detects principle: Fibre Optical Sensor is arranged along the line at pipeline, when there is the generation of leakage in the pipeline somewhere, leak fluid produces friction with the leakage hole wall, inspire stress wave (namely leaking acoustic emission signal) at tube wall, when optical fiber is affixed on tube wall, this stress wave activity is on optical fiber, length and the refractive index of optical fiber all change, make optical fiber produce axial strain, cause elongating or shortening of optical fiber, thereby the light path of transmission light is changed, owing to arrive clockwise the asynchronism(-nization) of leakage point in the interferometer with the two-beam of counterclockwise transmission, so the change in optical path length of two-beam is different, just there is like this an optical path difference between two-beam, this optical path difference causes by leakage signal exactly, and includes the relevant information of leakage signal, and this optical path difference is reacted in interference signal and is the phase differential of light, therefore demodulate this phase differential, just can obtain the relevant information of leakage signal, by the variation of real-time detection interference signal, can realize pipeline leakage testing.
In embodiment illustrated in fig. 1, the distribution type fiber-optic detector is changed or logical operation the light signal in the transmission line mutually by photoswitch, can form the Sagnac interferometer of following three kinds of travel paths, to realize the timesharing detection to 3 tested pipelines:
1) to the optical fiber Leak Detection of pipeline 1
a)A-B1-C1-E1-F1-E1-D1-B1-A
b)A-B1-D1-E1-F1-E1-C1-B1-A
2) to the optical fiber Leak Detection of pipeline 2
a)A-B2-C2-E2-F2-E2-D2-B2-A
b)A-B2-D2-E2-F2-E2-C2-B2-A
2) to the optical fiber Leak Detection of pipeline 3
a)A-B3-C3-E3-F3-E3-D3-B3-A
b)A-B3-D3-E3-F3-E3-C3-B3-A
And existing Sagnac Fiber Duct leak detection system mainly is comprised of elements such as light source, coupling mechanism, delay optical fiber, sensor fibre, Polarization Controller and photoelectric commutators.Its structured flowchart as shown in Figure 2.
The Main Function of each parts:
A) light source: luminous power output device.
B) sensor fibre: be the physical characteristic parameter by transmission light wave in the measuring optical fiber, variation such as intensity (power), phase place, frequency, wavelength and polarization state etc., to receive the sensitive element of the physical field information such as extraneous sound wave, only a part is laid on the pipeline, can adjust the frequency values of zero frequency by the length of design sensor fibre.All the other sensor fibres are packaged in the integration apparatus.
C) fiber coupler: refer to the coupling mechanism 1 and 2 of Fig. 2, Main Function is light splitting.
D) Polarization Controller: any input polarization can be converted to the polarization state control device of any desired output polarization state, the sensitivity that can the raising system detects by adjusting polarization state.
E) photoelectric commutator: the device that light intensity signal is changed into electric signal (voltage or electric current).
F) faraday rotation mirror: formed by lens, Faraday rotator and catoptron.Can be with the polarization state 90-degree rotation of incident light.
G) phase-modulator: utilize inverse piezoelectric effect, adding under diametral voltage (function generator) effect, modulator expands contraction, and the optical fiber that causes being wrapped on the modulator elongates or shortens thereupon, namely produce axial strain, thus the phase place of transmission light in the modulation optical fiber.
H) postpone optical fiber: be the key factor that realizes interference, it is used for regulating the mistiming that arrives leakage point along contrary two-beam, makes interferometer the reciprocity effect can not occur.
Flow rate pressure pipeline leakage testing method is one of the most direct mode of pipeline leak detection.Its principle is: when the fluid on the in-service pipeline occurs to leak, can cause the surge of leakage point upstream flowrate, and owing to outboard hydraulic pressure remains unchanged, the pressure drop of leakage point upstream is very little or substantially remain unchanged, and the pressure in leakage point downstream will have certain decline, and the leakage point upstream and downstream will exist certain pressure reduction like this.The pressure drop that leakage causes is maximum at leakage point, reduces gradually from leakage point toward pipe ends.Find by research, when pressure differential moment at the difference in flow of pipeline import or pipeline section two ends larger variation occurs, and the flow that satisfies import increases sharply, pressure has less variation or substantially constant, and the force value of outlet can show that pipeline leaks when changing greatly.Therefore in the technical program according to the nominal situation of pipe system, the analytic system pipeline is in the flow and the pressure changing that occur in the damaged situation, inlet flow rate threshold value and import-top hole pressure difference limen value is set respectively, surpasses this threshold value, just can judge that breakage has occured pipeline.
Flow rate pressure pipeline leakage testing principle schematic is seen accompanying drawing 3.
Form: inlet flow rate sensor, inlet pressure sensor, outlet pressure sensor, signal acquisition and processing system.
The hardware of flow rate pressure determining method comprises high-precision flow sensor and pressure transducer, and its quantity should be determined according to the length situation of signal piping.When one section pipeline distance is very long, the leakage point that pipeline may occur is also very long from the one or both ends of pipeline, when breakage occurs, the situation of change of flow or pressure can not promptly maybe can't be sent on the sensor, therefore, a flow sensor and pressure transducer must respectively be set at the fluid import and export of this pipeline, perhaps this pipeline be divided into several sections, a plurality of flows are set in the centre and pressure transducer carries out the segmentation detection; And under the marine vessel applications background, in the situation that namely pipeline is lacked, only in pipeline inflow point a flow sensor and pressure transducer being set respectively, the exit arranges a pressure transducer just can satisfy the detection demand.
When in the boats and ships pipeline that adopts laying mode of the present invention from the inlet flow rate value of the interference signal of Sagnac method and pressure flow sensor with import-top hole pressure is poor when all producing lasting leakage alarm, system reports to the police immediately; And when only having a kind of method to produce leakage alarm in from the interference signal of Sagnac method and pressure flow sensor method, can be with reference to the monitoring situation of another kind of method, and determine whether to occur leaking by artificial prospecting field working conditions.
Principal feature based on distribution type fiber-optic and flow pressure associating pipeline leakage detection method of the present invention is effectively to get rid of the interference of flow noise in cabin ground unrest and the pipeline and the impact of bye-pass shunting.Make a concrete analysis of as follows:
Distributed fiberoptic sensor is as emerging a kind of sensor, and its principal feature is to be quick on the draw, and has very wide responsive bandwidth, can detect pressure lower, leak the less pipe leakage in aperture.In addition, its electrical insulating property is good, and anti-marine corrosion performance is good, easy for installation, and has unique antinoise signal decay and interference free performance, can satisfy boats and ships complexity, abominable working environment requirement.In addition, because adopting, lays side by side at Near Pipelines and along pipeline Fibre Optical Sensor, or with the direct mode of twining on the pipeline that is laid in of optical cable, the volume and the space that take are all very little, satisfy the limited requirement of boats and ships arrangement space, therefore, be adapted at very much using on the boats and ships.
Although flow rate pressure method accuracy of detection is lower, but flow and pressure are two most important parameters of reflection pipe system, when leaking appears in system pipeline, the size of the pressure of pipeline and fluctuations in discharge amount and leak, position etc. are directly related, and regular following, therefore, signal piping leaks and can not lack flow and these two parameters of pressure.
Below by embodiment embodiment and the beneficial effect of the inventive method are described, wherein the virtual instrument technique of LABVIEW is all adopted in Digital Signal Analysis and Processing.See accompanying drawing 4.
Can adopt passive zero-pressure demodulation or heterodyne and the synthetic heterodyne demodulation arithmetic of phase generated carrier based on Sagnac interference optical fiber Leak Detection method, by designing corresponding demodulator circuit, effectively demodulate the phase place situation of change of interference signal.
The flow rate pressure method is according to the nominal situation of pipe system, and the analytic system pipeline arranges respectively inlet flow rate and import export-threshold pressure difference in the flow and the pressure changing that occur in the damaged situation, surpasses this threshold value, just can judge that breakage has occured pipeline.When Sagnac method and these two kinds of methods of flow rate pressure method all had lasting leakage alarm, system reported to the police immediately; And when a kind of method leakage alarm is only arranged, can be with reference to the monitoring situation of another kind of method, by manually determining whether to occur leakage alarm.
Multi-channel pipeline leakage detection test scheme among Fig. 4 is as follows:
The simulated leakage pipeline is the inlet ductwork of pump, and inlet ductwork is divided three different latus rectum bye-passes, and each arranges inlet flow rate sensor and inlet pressure sensor and outlet pressure sensor, and lays Fibre Optical Sensor three branch road signal pipings windings.In the middle of each signal piping, locate three latus rectums are set respectively and be
The test pipeline of releasing, with the simulation pipeline leakage.Water pot 1 can be simulated different inlet ductwork pressure, and water pot 1 and water pot 2 are communicated with, and can guarantee that water circuit uses.
The distributed optical fiber pipeline Leak Detection adopts based on Sagnac interferometer principle, designed three kinds of systems that different pipeline leakages detect, fibre optic interferometer mainly is comprised of following instrument and optical element: light source, photoswitch, single-mode fiber, Polarization Controller and photoelectric commutator.In the system, use a high power light source, this light source carries out logical transition through photoswitch, for three pipeline leakage checking system timesharing provide input light, and the output optical signal of three detection systems is converted to electric signal through three photoelectric commutators respectively, then enters the signal processing system of host computer by data collecting card.Can find out, for each road pipeline leakage checking system, all be one based on the distributed optical fiber pipeline leak detection system of sagnac interferometer.
Signal processing system receives and processes seven road signals simultaneously, is respectively the signal of three tunnel opto-electronic conversion, the reference signal that a route function generator produces, two-way pressure signal, one road flow signal.The signal that collects is after demodulation, FFT, filtering etc. are processed, and in real time time domain waveform and the frequency-domain waveform of display, and display pipes flow and force value judge that pipeline has or not leakage.
Adopt line leakage interface such as accompanying drawing 5 and the accompanying drawing 6 of the virtual instrument technology of LABVIEW.Test findings:
A) when pipeline pressure surpassed 0.2MPa, the warning success ratio reached more than 90%, time of fire alarming≤30s;
B) can effectively detect flange leakage;
When c) certain bypass line occurs to leak, can not cause the false alarm impact to adjacent signal piping.
D) throttling of valve, mercury vapour erosion etc. produce system flow noise operating mode, owing to can produce the high frequency acoustic emission signal equally, may produce and make distribution type fiber-optic detection method generation leakage false alarm, and the flow rate pressure method can make accurate judgment, and reduces false alarm.
E) the cabin ground unrest may produce and make the distribution type fiber-optic detection method produce the leakage false alarm, and the flow rate pressure method can make accurate judgment, and reduces false alarm.
Above-described specific descriptions; purpose, technical scheme and beneficial effect to invention further describe; institute is understood that; the above only is specific embodiments of the invention; the protection domain that is not intended to limit the present invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. based on the pipeline leakage joint detection method of distribution type fiber-optic and flow pressure value, it is characterized in that,
In ship pipeline, adopt the distributed optical fiber pipeline leakage detection method based on Sagnac interferometer principle, but light source exit therein adopts photoswitch substituted for optical fibers coupling mechanism that the Fibre Optical Sensor on each pipeline is carried out the timesharing detection; In the complete light echo equipment replacement fiber optic loop structure of the terminal employing of pipeline;
Described Fibre Optical Sensor arranges along the line that in marine piping except pipeline flange, all the other all are arranged in BOP, and are close to pipeline;
The arrangement of Fibre Optical Sensor on pipeline flange twines layout for press close to the sealing surface place along flange outer diameter;
Every section pipeline inflow point 1 flow sensor and 1 pressure transducer are set respectively, the exit arranges 1 pressure transducer; The inlet flow rate, the import-top hole pressure that are used for every section pipeline of real-time detection are poor;
According to the nominal situation of pipe system, detect and inlet flow rate and the import-top hole pressure situation of change of analysis of pipeline in the damaged situation of appearance, inlet flow rate threshold value and import-top hole pressure difference limen value is set respectively;
When inlet flow rate, the import-top hole pressure of the every section pipeline that detects are poor when surpassing corresponding threshold value, think that this section pipeline has occured damaged and leaks;
Phase differential characteristic signal with Fibre Optical Sensor generation on the pipeline, and the signal of the flow sensor of respective line and pressure transducer gathers simultaneously to computing machine and analyzing and processing, when all showing, phase differential characteristic signal and inlet flow rate, import-top hole pressure difference signal determine that then this section pipeline leaks when occuring to leak; And only when the phase differential characteristic signal, perhaps inlet flow rate and import-top hole pressure difference signal shows when occuring to leak, then by manually system condition being carried out the inspection of the scene of a crime, really reveal judging whether, and then warning.
2. described a kind of pipeline leakage joint detection method based on distribution type fiber-optic and flow pressure value according to claim 1 is characterized in that, reply is laid in Fibre Optical Sensor on the pipeline and carries out armouring or nonmetal sleeve is installed is protected.
3. described a kind of pipeline leakage joint detection method based on distribution type fiber-optic and flow pressure value according to claim 1 is characterized in that, selects, the not Fibre Optical Sensor of frangibility little to highly sensitive, the counter-bending loss of high-frequency signal.
4. described a kind of pipeline leakage joint detection method based on distribution type fiber-optic and flow pressure value according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, optoelectronic device in the system is upper outside except Fibre Optical Sensor is arranged in pipeline, and miscellaneous equipment carries out integrative packaging and takes damping and anti-interference quarantine measures.
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| CN113970401B (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-01 | 季华实验室 | Pipeline pressure sensor |
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| CN1303411C (en) * | 2004-07-19 | 2007-03-07 | 天津大学 | Interference distributed fibre-optical pipe leakage real-time monitoring method and device |
| JP4866682B2 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2012-02-01 | 株式会社フジキン | Abnormality detection method for fluid supply system using flow control device with pressure sensor |
| CN201416750Y (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2010-03-03 | 张甫仁 | Leakage positioning and alarming system for gas pipe network |
| CN101761780B (en) * | 2010-01-11 | 2012-12-26 | 中国石油大学(华东) | Gas pipeline leakage detecting and positioning device and method thereof |
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