CN105509979A - Fiber optic negative pressure wave-based oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring positioning system and method - Google Patents
Fiber optic negative pressure wave-based oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring positioning system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105509979A CN105509979A CN201610016822.8A CN201610016822A CN105509979A CN 105509979 A CN105509979 A CN 105509979A CN 201610016822 A CN201610016822 A CN 201610016822A CN 105509979 A CN105509979 A CN 105509979A
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 41
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 40
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008447 perception Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000644 propagated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
- G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
- G01M3/26—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors
- G01M3/28—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds
- G01M3/2892—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by measuring rate of loss or gain of fluid, e.g. by pressure-responsive devices, by flow detectors for pipes, cables or tubes; for pipe joints or seals; for valves ; for welds for underground fuel dispensing systems
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of oil and gas pipeline leakage detection, and discloses a fiber optic negative pressure wave-based oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring positioning system and method. The system comprises at least two fiber bragg grating pressure sensors, wherein each fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is mounted at a preset position of an oil and gas pipeline; the fiber bragg grating pressure sensors are connected in parallel or in series, and are used for converting detected inside negative pressure wave signals of the oil and gas pipeline into optical signals, and transmitting the optical signals to a fiber bragg grating fast demodulation instrument; the fiber bragg grating fast demodulation instrument is used for synchronously acquiring and transmitting the optical signals to a monitoring host for analysis and processing, and finally leakage detection and accurate positioning of the oil and gas pipeline are realized. According to the fiber optic negative pressure wave-based oil and gas pipeline leakage monitoring positioning system and method, additionally laying a transmission optical cable is not needed, a negative pressure wave speed can be accurately acquired in real time, the capability of monitoring small leakage is greatly enhanced, a mean value of multiple groups of measurement results is used, the positioning accuracy can be further improved, and the advantages of high detection sensitivity, high positioning accuracy, low false alarm rate, and the like are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of leakage positioning system, particularly relate to a kind of monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave and method.
Background technology
Oil and gas pipes is important oil, natural gas transportation mode, and current Chinese Petroliferous pipeline total kilometrage has reached 140,000 kilometers, carries the crude oil of China 70% and the natural gas transportation task of 99%.Data show, China's oil and gas pipes accident rate average out to 3 times/1000 km year, far above 0.5 time/1000 km years of the U.S. and 0.25 time/1000 km years in Europe.According to statistics, the main cause of China's oil and gas pipes accident is caused to be the drilling hole of oil stolen (gas) of artificial damage from third-party and malice, and corrosive pipeline and Sudden Natural Disasters.Therefore, Real-Time Monitoring pipeline leaks and accurately locates leakage point, to guarantee people property, personal safety, reduces national economy loss significant.
Existing Discussion on Pipe Leakage Detection Technology mainly comprises: flow equilibrium method, interior survey ball, negative pressure wave method, distribution type fiber-optic method, pressure gradient method etc.Wherein negative pressure wave method is only by pipeline first and last end setting pressure sensor respectively, realizes simple, easy care, and has much been applied to the leakage monitoring of actual pipeline.From running situation, detection sensitivity is low, positioning precision is poor is the bottleneck restricting the development of suction wave leak detection technology at present.Need to solve leakage point position by suction wave velocity of wave when application of negative pressure ripple method carries out leakage location, and negative pressure velocity of wave propagation is relevant with factors such as pipeline transmission medium characteristic, pipe materials, so the leakage location of pipeline accurately will be carried out, first will determine the speed that in pipeline, suction wave is propagated, the suction wave value of wave speed directly bringing nominal into carries out leakage location Calculation, and leakage positioning precision will be caused lower; And negative pressure wave signal there will be deep fades in transmitting procedure, along with the prolongation of transmission range, measuring less than suction wave may appear in the pressure transducer of pipeline head and end, causes partial compromise operating mode to detect; In addition once one of them of two pressure transducers of pipeline first and last end lost efficacy, just cannot obtain the mistiming that suction wave propagates into pipeline head and end, this will cause leaking locates unsuccessfully.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave and method, the present invention can overcome above-mentioned deficiency, reaches higher detection sensitivity and positioning precision, extremely low rate of false alarm.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is by the following technical solutions:
Based on a monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system for optical fiber suction wave, comprise at least two fiber bragg grating pressure sensors, each described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is installed on oil and gas pipes predetermined position respectively; Described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor connects with in parallel or series system, and it for the oil and gas pipes detected internal negative pressure ripple signal is converted to light signal, and is sent to fiber grating fast demodulation instrument; Described fiber grating fast demodulation instrument is used for synchronous acquisition and transmits described light signal carrying out analyzing and processing to monitoring main frame, finally realizes the Leak Detection of oil and gas pipes and accurately locates.
Described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is connected in parallel to the multi-core mono-mode fiber of communications optical cable, and described multi-core mono-mode fiber is connected with shunt, and described shunt is connected with fiber grating fast demodulation instrument.
Described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is connected to a core single-mode fiber of communications optical cable, and a described core single-mode fiber is connected with fiber grating fast demodulation instrument.
Described monitoring main frame is provided with communication interface, and described communication interface is connected with fiber grating fast demodulation instrument.
Described communication interface adopts Ethernet interface.
Described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is installed on oil and gas pipes at equal intervals.
Described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is installed on oil and gas pipes according to default unequal interval distance.
Based on a localization method for the monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system of optical fiber suction wave, comprising:
Step (1): judge whether the oil and gas pipes region that described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor covers leaks, if leak, then enters next step according to the negative pressure wave signal change in the oil and gas pipes that fiber bragg grating pressure sensor detects; Otherwise fiber bragg grating pressure sensor continues to detect the negative pressure wave signal in oil and gas pipes;
Step (2): the pipeline pressure change sent according to fiber bragg grating pressure sensor or the time of pressure flex point slightly sentence the position of leakage point;
Step (3): to receive the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of pressure change or pressure flex point signal at first for starting point, and get be in step (2) determine that other fiber bragg grating pressure sensors of leakage point the same side are terminal, according to the spacing of starting point and terminal and the mistiming receiving negative pressure wave signal, determine suction wave velocity of propagation;
Step (4): to receive the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of pressure change or pressure flex point signal at first for starting point, determine that leaking point-symmetric opposite side different fiber grating pressure sensor forms one group with step (2) respectively, calculate some groups of distance values between leakage point and starting point, the mean value asking for these group distance values, as final leakage point position, realizes the accurate location of pipe leakage.
In described step (1), judge that the method whether the oil and gas pipes region that described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor covers occurs to leak is:
When the pressure that all fiber bragg grating pressure sensors monitor in oil and gas pipes is constant or there is not pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the oil and gas pipes region that all fiber bragg grating pressure sensors cover is leaked;
When single optical fiber grating pressure sensor monitors the pressure change in oil and gas pipes or there is pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the oil and gas pipes region that this single optical fiber grating pressure sensor covers is leaked;
When multiple fiber bragg grating pressure sensor monitors pressure change or there is pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the pipeline region that sensor covers is leaked.
In described step (2), the position slightly sentencing leakage point is monitor the earliest between the adjacent fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of negative pressure variation or pressure flex point signal two.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Advantage of the present invention be by negative pressure wave signal through the mistiming of two fiber bragg grating pressure sensors and distance interval, can accurately obtain suction wave velocity of wave in real time; Multiple fiber bragg grating pressure sensor monitoring negative pressure wave signal is laid by keeping at a certain distance away on long distance pipeline, greatly can improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of sensor Received signal strength, strengthen the monitoring capability to Small leak, avoid the excessive deficiency causing leaking positioning precision difference of negative pressure wave signal long range propagation decay, and the present invention by pipeline communications optical cable along the line as transmission medium, do not need to lay transmission cable in addition; Get the mean value of many group measurement results simultaneously, can further improve positioning precision, the advantage such as have that detection sensitivity is high, positioning precision is high and rate of false alarm is low.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system structure principle schematic based on optical fiber suction wave of the present invention;
Fig. 2 (a) is that sensor of the present invention and communications optical cable are connected in parallel figure;
Fig. 2 (b) is that sensor of the present invention and communications optical cable are connected in series figure;
Fig. 3 is optical fiber suction wave monitoring leak from oil gas pipe localization method process flow diagram of the present invention.
In figure, 1. fiber bragg grating pressure sensor; 2. communications optical cable; 3. shunt; 4. fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator; 5. monitor main frame; 6. oil and gas pipes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave of the present invention, this positioning system comprises at least two fiber bragg grating pressure sensors 1, and described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 is installed on oil and gas pipes predetermined position respectively; Described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 is for perception oil and gas pipes 6 internal negative pressure ripple signal, negative pressure wave signal is converted to light signal, and by communications optical cable 2 and shunt 3, the oil and gas pipes 6 internal negative pressure wave optical signal received is transferred to fiber grating fast demodulation instrument 4, the collection simultaneously and rapidly of signal is realized by fiber grating fast demodulation instrument 4, and be sent to monitoring main frame 5 carry out analyzing and processing, finally realize the Leak Detection of oil and gas pipes and accurately locate.
Fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 can be installed at equal intervals, also can install by different interval according to on-site actual situations, all need the installation site and the sensor distance that record each fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1.
Fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 is connected to shunt 3 two kinds of forms:
(1) fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 is connected in parallel to the multi-core mono-mode fiber of communications optical cable 2, and described multi-core mono-mode fiber is connected to shunt 3, as shown in Fig. 2 (a).
(2) fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 is connected to a core single-mode fiber of communications optical cable 2, and a core single-mode fiber is connected directly to fiber grating fast demodulation instrument, as shown in Fig. 2 (b).
Wherein, monitoring main frame 5 is provided with communication interface, and described communication interface is connected with fiber grating fast demodulation instrument 4.
The pressure measurement range of the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 in the present embodiment is 0-10MPa, and sensitivity is better than 0.5%FS, response time <10ms; Communication interface adopts 100M Ethernet interface.
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 adopts the GC-97001C-8 type 8 passage 1kHz high speed optic fiber grating (FBG) demodulator of Zhuhai Guang Chen Science and Technology Ltd., each passage can connect the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 of multiple parallel connection by shunt 3, also can connect fiber bragg grating pressure sensor 1 array of multiple series connection; Each channel fiber grating pressure sensor 1 Monitoring Data that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator 4 collects is sent to monitoring main frame 5 by Ethernet interface, is analyzed by monitoring main frame 5 and is determined the accurate location of leakage point.
Monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system principle based on optical fiber suction wave of the present invention is:
When pipeline occurs to leak, pipeline inside and outside differential pressure becomes large, and fluid runs off rapidly, and leakage point adjacent area fluid density reduces, pressure reduces, and the trend of this pressure drop, gradually to pipe ends diffusion, forms suction wave.Distinguish installing optical fibres grating pressure sensor along the line at pipeline, leakage point is different, and it is also different that suction wave arrives pressure at two ends sensor time difference.According to mistiming, duct length, suction wave velocity of propagation, the location of pipe leakage point can be realized.
Its ranging formula is:
Wherein: v is suction wave velocity of propagation in the duct;
Δ t is the mistiming that two check points receive negative pressure wave signal;
The duct length that Δ L detects for two check points.
As shown in Figure 3, the localization method of the monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave of the present invention, comprises following step:
Step (1): judge whether the oil and gas pipes region that described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor covers leaks according to the change of the negative pressure wave signal in the oil and gas pipes that fiber bragg grating pressure sensor detects, if leak, then enter next step; Otherwise fiber bragg grating pressure sensor continues to detect the negative pressure wave signal in oil and gas pipes;
Step (2): the pressure change of the negative pressure wave signal sent according to fiber bragg grating pressure sensor or the time of pressure flex point slightly sentence the position of leakage point;
Step (3): to receive the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of pressure change or pressure flex point signal at first for starting point, and get be in step (2) determine that other fiber bragg grating pressure sensors of leakage point the same side are terminal, according to the separation delta L of starting point and terminal and the mistiming receiving negative pressure wave signal, determine suction wave velocity of propagation;
Suction wave velocity of propagation
wherein, t
1, t
2be respectively and leak the time that negative pressure wave signal arrives the 1st fiber bragg grating pressure sensor and the 2nd fiber bragg grating pressure sensor;
Step (4): to receive the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of pressure change or pressure flex point signal at first for starting point, determine that leaking point-symmetric opposite side different fiber grating pressure sensor forms one group with step (2) respectively, calculate some groups of distance values between leakage point and starting point, the mean value asking for these group distance values, as final leakage point position, realizes the accurate location of pipe leakage.
Wherein, starting point and step (2) determine to leak point-symmetric opposite side the leakage point that calculates of i-th fiber bragg grating pressure sensor and starting point between distance value X
iexpression formula be:
Wherein, Δ t
ifor starting point and step (2) determine to leak point-symmetric opposite side i-th fiber bragg grating pressure sensor receive mistiming of negative pressure wave signal;
Δ L
ifor starting point and step (2) determine to leak point-symmetric opposite side the duct length that detects of i-th fiber bragg grating pressure sensor, i be more than or equal to 1 positive integer.
Further, in step (1), judge that the method whether the oil and gas pipes region that described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor covers occurs to leak is:
When the pressure that all fiber bragg grating pressure sensors monitor in oil and gas pipes is constant or there is not pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the oil and gas pipes region that all fiber bragg grating pressure sensors cover is leaked;
When single optical fiber grating pressure sensor monitors the pressure change in oil and gas pipes or there is pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the oil and gas pipes region that this single optical fiber grating pressure sensor covers is leaked;
When multiple fiber bragg grating pressure sensor monitors pressure change or there is pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the pipeline region that sensor covers is leaked.
Further, in step (2), the position slightly sentencing leakage point is monitor the earliest between the adjacent fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of negative pressure variation or pressure flex point signal two.
By reference to the accompanying drawings the specific embodiment of the present invention is described although above-mentioned; but not limiting the scope of the invention; one of ordinary skill in the art should be understood that; on the basis of technical scheme of the present invention, those skilled in the art do not need to pay various amendment or distortion that creative work can make still within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. based on a monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system for optical fiber suction wave, it is characterized in that, comprise at least two fiber bragg grating pressure sensors, each described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is installed on oil and gas pipes predetermined position respectively; Described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor connects with in parallel or series system, and it for the oil and gas pipes detected internal negative pressure ripple signal is converted to light signal, and is sent to fiber grating fast demodulation instrument; Described fiber grating fast demodulation instrument is used for synchronous acquisition and transmits described light signal carrying out analyzing and processing to monitoring main frame, finally realizes the Leak Detection of oil and gas pipes and accurately locates.
2. a kind of monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is connected in parallel to the multi-core mono-mode fiber of communications optical cable, described multi-core mono-mode fiber is connected with shunt, and described shunt is connected with fiber grating fast demodulation instrument.
3. a kind of monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is connected to a core single-mode fiber of communications optical cable, and a described core single-mode fiber is connected with fiber grating fast demodulation instrument.
4. a kind of monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described monitoring main frame is provided with communication interface, and described communication interface is connected with fiber grating fast demodulation instrument.
5. a kind of monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described communication interface adopts Ethernet interface.
6. a kind of monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is installed on oil and gas pipes at equal intervals.
7. a kind of monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system based on optical fiber suction wave as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor is installed on oil and gas pipes according to default unequal interval distance.
8., based on the localization method based on the monitoring leak from oil gas pipe positioning system of optical fiber suction wave as described in as arbitrary in claim 1-7, it is characterized in that, comprising:
Step (1): judge whether the oil and gas pipes region that described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor covers leaks according to the change of the negative pressure wave signal in the oil and gas pipes that fiber bragg grating pressure sensor detects, if leak, then enter next step; Otherwise fiber bragg grating pressure sensor continues to detect the negative pressure wave signal in oil and gas pipes;
Step (2): the pressure change of the negative pressure wave signal sent according to fiber bragg grating pressure sensor or the time of pressure flex point slightly sentence the position of leakage point;
Step (3): to receive the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of pressure change or pressure flex point signal at first for starting point, and get be in step (2) determine that other fiber bragg grating pressure sensors of leakage point the same side are terminal, according to the spacing of starting point and terminal and the mistiming receiving negative pressure wave signal, determine suction wave velocity of propagation;
Step (4): to receive the fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of pressure change or pressure flex point signal at first for starting point, determine that leaking point-symmetric opposite side different fiber grating pressure sensor forms one group with step (2) respectively, calculate some groups of distance values between leakage point and starting point, the mean value asking for these group distance values, as final leakage point position, realizes the accurate location of pipe leakage.
9. localization method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, in described step (1), judges that the method whether the oil and gas pipes region that described fiber bragg grating pressure sensor covers occurs to leak is:
When the pressure that all fiber bragg grating pressure sensors monitor in oil and gas pipes is constant or there is not pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the oil and gas pipes region that all fiber bragg grating pressure sensors cover is leaked;
When single optical fiber grating pressure sensor monitors the pressure change in oil and gas pipes or there is pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the oil and gas pipes region that this single optical fiber grating pressure sensor covers is leaked;
When multiple fiber bragg grating pressure sensor monitors pressure change or there is pressure flex point, monitoring main frame judges that the pipeline region that sensor covers is leaked.
10. localization method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, in described step (2), the position sentencing roughly leakage point is monitor the earliest between the adjacent fiber bragg grating pressure sensor of negative pressure variation or pressure flex point signal two.
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CN106481989A (en) * | 2016-12-01 | 2017-03-08 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | pipeline leakage detection method and device |
CN107917784A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2018-04-17 | 武汉理工大学 | A kind of pipeline road Oil Leakage Detecting system and its method of work based on fiber grating |
CN107989672A (en) * | 2017-12-31 | 2018-05-04 | 重庆小康工业集团股份有限公司 | Communicating pipe for Pcv valve |
CN108443714A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-08-24 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Determine the method and device of pipe leakage |
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CN114366869A (en) * | 2022-01-17 | 2022-04-19 | 南方医科大学南方医院 | Negative pressure drainage system for abdominal operation |
CN114963024A (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2022-08-30 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Monitoring device and detection system for oil and gas pipeline and installation method of detection system |
CN117307988A (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2023-12-29 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Large dynamic optical fiber sensor and system for pipeline leakage detection |
CN117307988B (en) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-03-05 | 山东省科学院激光研究所 | Large dynamic optical fiber sensor and system for pipeline leakage detection |
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