CN102981109A - Aging degree evaluating method applied to silicon rubber insulating sheath of transformer - Google Patents
Aging degree evaluating method applied to silicon rubber insulating sheath of transformer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102981109A CN102981109A CN2012105009709A CN201210500970A CN102981109A CN 102981109 A CN102981109 A CN 102981109A CN 2012105009709 A CN2012105009709 A CN 2012105009709A CN 201210500970 A CN201210500970 A CN 201210500970A CN 102981109 A CN102981109 A CN 102981109A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aging degree evaluating method applied to a silicon rubber insulating sheath of a transformer, which comprises the steps as follows: hydrophobicity measurement: water mist is sprinkled to the surface of the umbrella sheath by using a sprinkling can until obviously visible water droplets or a water film appears on the surface of the umbrella sheath, and then the hydrophobicity of the umbrella sheath is judged by using a water sprinkling grading method; surface insulating resistance measurement: after the silicon rubber insulating sheath of the transformer is pretreated, one measuring electrode of a megger is placed at the midpoint of a circular ring, the other measuring electrode of the megger is placed on electrically conductive adhesive of the circular ring, a handle is shaken and pressure is added to conduct the measurement; and pulverized layer thickness measurement: the thickness of a pulverized layer is measured. Whether the sheath is aged or not, what is the aging degree and whether the sheath can be repaired or not are judged according to the measurement, so as to take appropriate remedial measures on pulverizing and cracking phenomena of the silicon rubber insulating sheath, avoid a surface leakage current of the sheath from being increased and discharge and flashover accidents from happening, and prevent hidden dangers from being brought to safe running of a power system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of degree of aging evaluating method that is applicable to the silicon rubber insulation sheath of southern area transformer substation voltage, current transformer, be used at the substation operation scene degree of aging of mutual inductor silicon rubber outer insulation jacket being carried out quantitative test and judgement, whether sheath taked to repair or the replacing measure in order to determine.
Background technology
The performances such as the high-low temperature resistant of silastic material excellence, weather-proof, anti-ozone, arc resistant, electric insulating quality have become one of main outer insulating material of the electrical equipment that moves in the electrical network.Yet the service condition of electrical equipment is abominable, and outer insulating material will stand long-term external environment factor, mechanical stress effect, also is subject to the adjection of the electric stress such as corona discharge, arc discharge.The southern area of China belongs to the moist rainy subtropical zone of high temperature, and ultraviolet radiation is strong, the large and longer duration of rainfall amount.Under such rugged environment condition, efflorescence in various degree, crack performance have appearred in the silicon rubber insulation sheath of some voltages, current transformer in operational process, so that jacket surface hydrophobic nature, pulling strengrth degradation, surface leakage current increases, and discharges, the danger increase of flashover fault.So on a large scale silicon rubber insulation sheath efflorescence, be full of cracks situation have been brought serious potential safety hazard to the safe operation of electric system, and this type of outstanding silicone rubber jacket efflorescence crack performance of therefore needing badly south electric network carries out Analysis on Mechanism and studies suitable remedial measures.
The enforcement of remedial measures must be based on the correct judgement to the silicon rubber insulation sheath degree of aging.For slight aging silicon rubber insulation sheath, certain efflorescence, be full of cracks just occur on the surface, inside is still keeping preferably performance, takes can put into operation after certain reclamation activities; But for aging too serious insulating sheath, its efflorescence, crack performance have goed deep into sheath inside, can't reach to keep the necessary property indices of the normal operation of electric system, must take to change and process.
Summary of the invention
A kind of degree of aging evaluating method that is applied to the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath, comprise the steps: that hydrophobic nature measures: with watering can to umbrella cover surface sprinkling water smoke, when appearring in the umbrella cover surface, the obvious visible globule or moisture film stop, then with the water spray stage method hydrophobic nature of umbrella cover is judged: if the upper and lower surface of full skirt, sheath all have preferably hydrophobic nature, the all sites hydrophobic nature reaches HC1 ~ HC2 level, illustrates unaged; If full skirt lower surface, sheath all have preferably hydrophobic nature, the water spray classification level is at HC1 ~ HC3, and the relatively poor (HC3 ~ HC7), illustrate that slight wearing out occured umbrella cover of full skirt upper surface hydrophobic nature; (HC5 ~ HC7), full skirt lower surface and sheath have certain hydrophobic nature (HC1 ~ HC4), illustrate that serious wearing out occured umbrella cover if full skirt upper surface hydrophobic nature is relatively poor; If the upper and lower surface hydrophobicity of full skirt is very poor (HC5 ~ HC7), then regardless of the sheath hydrophobic nature, illustrate that all serious wearing out occured umbrella cover all; Surface insulation resistance is measured: after the pre-service of mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath, a potential electrode of megger is placed the annulus centre, another potential electrode places on the annulus conducting resinl, swinging handle, pressurization is measured, if surperficial without any electric discharge phenomena, explanation can be repaired; If electric discharge phenomena intermittently and resistance occur more than 1000M in the surface, illustrate to occur agingly, need measurement efflorescence layer thickness; If the continuous discharge phenomenon occurs on the surface, or resistance illustrates aging unrepairable less than 1000M; The efflorescence layer thickness is measured: measure the thickness of efflorescence layer, if the efflorescence layer thickness of full skirt edge less than 0.3mm, explanation can be repaired.If the efflorescence layer thickness at full skirt edge illustrates unrepairable greater than 0.3mm.
The present invention judges sheath according to above-mentioned measurement, and aging and degree of aging is how, whether can repair, in order to silicone rubber jacket efflorescence crack performance is carried out suitable remedial measures, thereby avoiding the jacket surface leakage current to increase discharges, flashover fault, prevents from the safe operation of electric system is brought potential safety hazard.
Embodiment
Following embodiment of the present invention has following characteristics:
1) its evaluating method is particularly useful for the mutual inductor insulating sheath that the bi-component addition type liquid silastic is made.
2) method of operating and the implementing procedure of every test analysis means have been provided in its evaluating method, each test analysis means all has corresponding normative reference, the degree of aging of mutual inductor insulating sheath can be judged to be: can reparation, unrepairable, wait to judge (for the method for testing of certain individual event).
Embodiment one:
Present embodiment one adopts pure macroscopical criterion, and macroscopical criterion is applicable to the substation field operation, is main evaluating method.The performance index of its evaluating method macroscopic view criterion comprise: observe estimate, stress applies, hydrophobic nature evaluation, efflorescence thickness, surperficial shore hardness, mirror luster degree, organic solvent swellbility, alcohol wettability, surface insulation resistance etc.The degree of aging that mirror luster degree, shore hardness, these three of efflorescence layer thicknesses all are not used to the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath in the prior art characterizes, and is the new application of prior art.
Each measurement performance index of present embodiment and threshold value are as shown in the table.(form is just listed the reference value of property indices of the silicon rubber insulation sheath of different degree of agings, does not represent operating process and determination methods; This table is some features that the insulation umbrella cover of three kinds of states (can reparation, unrepairable, wait to judge) has, and not exclusively is their criterion, and concrete criterion will be with reference to following description about flow process.)
Concrete degree of aging determination flow is as follows:
1) whether the surface of observation mutual inductor has obvious color change, be full of cracks crackle, especially should be noted that the intersection of mutual inductor full skirt and sheath.If the be full of cracks crackle do not occur, illustrate that umbrella cover is unaged or aging not serious; If crackle occurs, illustrate aging comparatively serious.
2) hardness measurement.With the hardness number on hand-held Shore durometer (A type) measurement umbrella cover surface, all to measure upper and lower surface and the sheath of full skirt.If it is aging that hardness number, illustrates that umbrella cover occurs more than 50; If less than 45, illustrate umbrella cover wear out (here with form in data be consistent, just provided a Typical value range in the form, only provided a boundary value here).Whether this method only can qualitatively judge umbrella cover and occur aging and can't quantitatively judge the degree of aging of umbrella cover.
3) break full skirt off with the fingers and thumb with hand.Full skirt is broken off with the fingers and thumb to a direction to maximum angle, seen whether the surface crackle occurs.If there is crackle, illustrate that umbrella cover wears out, need to further carry out degree of aging and judge; If crackle do not occur, illustrate that umbrella cover wears out, need not to carry out next step judgement.
4) with watering can to umbrella cover surface sprinkling water smoke.Require the water droplet of ejection fully to atomize, avoid umbrella cover is closely directly sprayed as far as possible.When appearring in the umbrella cover surface, the obvious visible globule or moisture film stop (generally should spraying at least 15 ~ 20 times, all will carry out the upper and lower surface of full skirt and sheath).Then with the water spray stage method hydrophobic nature of umbrella cover is judged.
If the upper and lower surface of full skirt, sheath all have preferably hydrophobic nature, the water spray classification level illustrates that slight wearing out occured umbrella cover more than HC3, and umbrella cover can be repaired.
(HC5 ~ HC7), full skirt lower surface and sheath hydrophobic nature be (more than the HC4) better, illustrates that comparatively serious wearing out occured umbrella cover, still can repair if full skirt upper surface hydrophobic nature is relatively poor.
If the upper and lower surface hydrophobicity of full skirt is very poor (HC5 ~ HC7), then regardless of the sheath hydrophobic nature, illustrate all whether serious wearing out occured umbrella cover, can repair and need to carry out next step judgement all.
If not aging, then all sites hydrophobic nature of sheath should reach HC1 ~ HC2 level.
It is necessary that hydrophobic nature, efflorescence layer thickness, surface insulation resistance are measured these several judgements, just can come to a conclusion by these several.As long as have one to judge agingly here, then can think aging; If there is a judgement to think unrepairable, other several all is to repair, then think and can repair, that is: need the judgement above to think unrepairable, just thinks unrepairable.
5) measure the mirror luster degree.The measurement of mirror luster degree can only be carried out for the full skirt upper surface.It should be noted that: before measurement, must with the surface of the tested full skirt of alcohol wipe, can measure after the filth removal with the surface accumulation.Because the measurement of mirror luster degree requires surveying instrument to be close to the surface of tested article, therefore operation has certain difficulty at the scene.For guaranteeing the accuracy of measurement result, should measure at least 10 groups of data.Remove wherein minimum, high 2 groups, remain 6 groups of data and average, as mirror luster degree value.
If the mirror luster degree, illustrates that serious aging, unrepairable have occured full skirt less than 10; If the mirror luster degree is 15 ~ 20, but the degree of aging that full skirt is described is also in repair coverage.According to the criterion flow process, it's time to measure this step of mirror luster degree and should occur aging.But the priority of considering this criterion is not high, it can be saved.Directly carrying out surface resistance measures.
6) measurement of surface insulation resistance.Use the circular die of a diameter 2.5cm, be pressed on silicon rubber full skirt surface, then smear conducting resinl along circumference on the full skirt surface, until form annular conductive strips.A potential electrode of megger is placed the annulus centre, and another potential electrode places on the annulus conducting resinl, swinging handle, and pressurization is measured.If electric discharge phenomena intermittently occur in the surface when measuring after alcohol infiltrates, illustrate occur aging, if the surface insulation resistance value more than 1000M, explanation can be repaired, if the electric discharge phenomena that resistance less than 1000M, perhaps occurs lasting (the discharge interval is less than 1s) then need to carry out the measurement of efflorescence layer thickness.Because the measurement of efflorescence layer thickness
8) use belt sander that the full skirt of mutual inductor insulating sheath is carried out detail sanding (using the 60# abrasive band), the efflorescence layer on surface is removed fully, then utilize feeler to measure respectively burnishing part and the full skirt thickness of burnishing part not, indirectly obtain the thickness of efflorescence layer, then judge according to criterion whether it can repair.
Whether 9) above test is site test, from the substation field situation, can judge to this step and to repair.If do not allow to destroy insulating sheath, do not allow cutting, then to just having obtained final criterion of whether repairing here.If insulating sheath can cutting sampling, then can carry out following microcosmic prejudgementing criteria analysis.
Embodiment two:
Present embodiment is the simplification of embodiment one, and this example is for simple and easy and for the purpose of not losing precisely, with characterization method be reduced to direct observation-hydrophobic nature measures-surface insulation resistance measures-the efflorescence layer thickness measures four steps.In judging, reality must carry out in order.In embodiment characterizes, unaged being designated as " 2 ", slight wearing out is designated as " 1 ", and serious aging is designated as " 0 ".
1, directly observe:
If all positions all flawless and hand to break full skirt off with the fingers and thumb still flawless, illustrate that then the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath is unaged;
If there is slight crack all positions when all flawless and hand is broken full skirt off with the fingers and thumb, illustrate that then the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath is slightly aging; If the full skirt surface is intact flawless, sheath only has the place that has a common boundary with full skirt to have annular slight crack explanation mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath slightly aging; If crackle all appears in full skirt, sheath, then think serious aging.
2, hydrophobic nature is measured:
With watering can to umbrella cover surface sprinkling water smoke.Require the water droplet of ejection fully to atomize, avoid umbrella cover is closely directly sprayed as far as possible.When appearring in the umbrella cover surface, the obvious visible globule or moisture film stop (generally should spraying at least 15 ~ 20 times, all will carry out the upper and lower surface of full skirt and sheath).Then with the water spray stage method hydrophobic nature of umbrella cover is judged.If the upper and lower surface of full skirt, sheath all have preferably hydrophobic nature, all sites hydrophobic nature reaches HC1 ~ HC2 level, illustrates unaged; If full skirt lower surface, sheath all have preferably hydrophobic nature, the water spray classification level is at HC1 ~ HC3, and the relatively poor (HC3 ~ HC7), illustrate that slight wearing out occured umbrella cover of full skirt upper surface hydrophobic nature; (HC5 ~ HC7), full skirt lower surface and sheath have certain hydrophobic nature (HC1 ~ HC4), illustrate that serious wearing out occured umbrella cover if full skirt upper surface hydrophobic nature is relatively poor; If the upper and lower surface hydrophobicity of full skirt is very poor (HC5 ~ HC7), then regardless of the sheath hydrophobic nature, illustrate that all serious wearing out occured umbrella cover all.
At this moment, after the existing two steps detection, can to make preliminary judgement to testing result before having finished, in order recording conveniently, measurement result can be noted by abridging as follows:
22 is unaged, need not repair; 21,20, aging, can repair; 12, aging, can repair; 11,10, aging, next step judgement; 02, aging, next step judgement; 01,00, aging, unrepairable.
Wherein the numeric character implication is: in each step, and unaged being designated as " 2 ", slight wearing out is designated as " 1 ", and serious aging is designated as " 0 ", in order record." 22 " result that just expression is directly observed and hydrophobic nature is measured is unaged, and " 12 " expression directly is viewed as slight aging, and hydrophobic nature is measured as unaged; By that analogy.
To this step, only have 11(directly to observe and hydrophobic nature measurements is slight aging), 10(directly is viewed as slightly and wears out, hydrophobic nature is measured as serious aging), 02(directly is viewed as serious aging, hydrophobic nature is measured as unaged) three kinds of situations need further to judge.
3, surface insulation resistance is measured:
Use the circular die of a diameter 2.5cm, be pressed on silicon rubber full skirt surface, then smear conducting resinl along circumference on the full skirt surface, until form annular conductive strips.With absolute ethyl alcohol that annular conductive strips inside is fully wetting.A potential electrode of megger is placed the annulus centre, and another potential electrode places on the annulus conducting resinl, swinging handle, and pressurization is measured.
If the surface is without any electric discharge phenomena, explanation can be repaired.If electric discharge phenomena intermittently and resistance occur more than 1000M in the surface, illustrate to occur agingly, need measurement efflorescence layer thickness.If the continuous discharge phenomenon occurs on the surface, or resistance illustrates aging unrepairable less than 1000M.
4, the efflorescence layer thickness is measured:
Use belt sander that the full skirt of mutual inductor insulating sheath is carried out detail sanding (using the 60# abrasive band), the efflorescence layer on surface is removed fully, then utilize feeler to measure respectively burnishing part and the full skirt thickness of burnishing part not, indirectly obtain the thickness of efflorescence layer.If the efflorescence layer thickness of full skirt edge is less than 0.3mm, explanation can be repaired.If the efflorescence layer thickness at full skirt edge illustrates unrepairable greater than 0.3mm.
For reducing subjectivity, the first step in the present embodiment can further be simplified.
Embodiment three:
Present embodiment is to increase the micro-analysis means on embodiment one or two basis.The microcosmic criterion comprises: scanning electron microscope (SEM), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), X ray electron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) etc.The micro-analysis means are without the program requirement, but the carrying out of every kind of micro-analysis all needs the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath is taken a sample.Be the accuracy that guarantees to analyze, every kind of analysis means of General Requirements is got three samples at least.
The method of judging is as shown in the table.
Present embodiment is compared with the first two embodiment, and innovative point is: the threshold value that 1 FTIR and XPS technology are judged degree of aging is determined; 2 have at first introduced the XRD technology for the judgement to degree of aging.In this example, the SEM technology can be saved.Adopt the analytical approach of " macroscopic view+microcosmic ", can characterize more accurately at the degree of aging of substation field to silicon rubber insulation sheath.
Claims (6)
1. a degree of aging evaluating method that is applied to the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath comprises the steps:
Hydrophobic nature is measured: with watering can to umbrella cover surface sprinkling water smoke, when appearring in the umbrella cover surface, the obvious visible globule or moisture film stop, then with the water spray stage method hydrophobic nature of umbrella cover is judged: if the upper and lower surface of full skirt, sheath all have preferably hydrophobic nature, the all sites hydrophobic nature reaches HC1 ~ HC2 level, illustrates unaged; If full skirt lower surface, sheath all have preferably hydrophobic nature, the water spray classification level is at HC1 ~ HC3, and the relatively poor (HC3 ~ HC7), illustrate that slight wearing out occured umbrella cover of full skirt upper surface hydrophobic nature; (HC5 ~ HC7), full skirt lower surface and sheath have certain hydrophobic nature (HC1 ~ HC4), illustrate that serious wearing out occured umbrella cover if full skirt upper surface hydrophobic nature is relatively poor; If the upper and lower surface hydrophobicity of full skirt is very poor (HC5 ~ HC7), then regardless of the sheath hydrophobic nature, illustrate that all serious wearing out occured umbrella cover all;
Surface insulation resistance is measured: after the pre-service of mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath, a potential electrode of megger is placed the annulus centre, another potential electrode places on the annulus conducting resinl, swinging handle, pressurization is measured, if surperficial without any electric discharge phenomena, explanation can be repaired; If electric discharge phenomena intermittently and resistance occur more than 1000M in the surface, illustrate to occur agingly, need measurement efflorescence layer thickness; If the continuous discharge phenomenon occurs on the surface, or resistance illustrates aging unrepairable less than 1000M;
The efflorescence layer thickness is measured: measure the thickness of efflorescence layer, if the efflorescence layer thickness of full skirt edge less than 0.3mm, explanation can be repaired.If the efflorescence layer thickness at full skirt edge illustrates unrepairable greater than 0.3mm.
2. the degree of aging evaluating method that is applied to the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: when hydrophobic nature is measured water spray, require the water droplet of ejection fully to atomize, avoid umbrella cover is closely directly sprayed, should spray at least 15 ~ 20 times, all will carry out the upper and lower surface of full skirt and sheath.
3. the degree of aging evaluating method that is applied to the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the preprocess method when surface insulation resistance is measured is as follows: the circular die that uses a diameter 1.5-3.5cm, be pressed on silicon rubber full skirt surface, then smear conducting resinl along circumference on the full skirt surface, until form annular conductive strips, then with absolute ethyl alcohol that annular conductive strips inside is fully wetting.
4. the degree of aging evaluating method that is applied to the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the method for measuring the thickness of efflorescence layer is: use belt sander that the full skirt of mutual inductor insulating sheath is carried out detail sanding, the efflorescence layer on surface is removed fully, then utilize feeler to measure respectively burnishing part and the full skirt thickness of burnishing part not, indirectly obtain the thickness of efflorescence layer.
5. the degree of aging evaluating method that is applied to the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise direct observation step, if all positions of observations all flawless and hand to break full skirt off with the fingers and thumb still flawless, illustrate that then the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath is unaged; If there is slight crack all positions when all flawless and hand is broken full skirt off with the fingers and thumb, illustrate that then the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath is slightly aging; If the full skirt surface is intact flawless, sheath only has the place that has a common boundary with full skirt to have annular slight crack explanation mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath slightly aging; If crackle all appears in full skirt, sheath, then think serious aging.
6. the degree of aging evaluating method that is applied to the mutual inductor silicon rubber insulation sheath as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: also comprise micro-analysis, described micro-analysis comprises FTIR, XPS and XRD.
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