CN104215551A - Method for testing natural pollution characteristics of high-voltage external-insulation device - Google Patents
Method for testing natural pollution characteristics of high-voltage external-insulation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104215551A CN104215551A CN201410495422.0A CN201410495422A CN104215551A CN 104215551 A CN104215551 A CN 104215551A CN 201410495422 A CN201410495422 A CN 201410495422A CN 104215551 A CN104215551 A CN 104215551A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing natural pollution characteristics of a high-voltage external-insulation device. The method comprises the following steps of: acquiring to-be-tested natural pollution on the high-voltage external-insulation device; testing equivalent salt deposit density and dust density to the to-be-tested natural pollution; testing at least one of the to-be-tested natural pollution: pollution ingredient, pollution granularity, pollution morphology, pollution thermal weight and pollution infrared spectroscopy. In the scheme, the pollution level can be confirmed by testing equivalent salt deposit density and dust density of the natural pollution; at least one of ion, concentration, particle granularity, topographic characteristics, heat stability, chemical bond information or functional group information included in the natural pollution can be obtained by testing at least one of pollution ingredient, pollution granularity, pollution morphology, pollution thermal weight and pollution infrared spectroscopy, so that the natural pollution characteristics on the device surface can be comprehensively tested.
Description
Technical field
The embodiment of the present invention relates to technical field of electric power, particularly relates to a kind of method of testing of naturally filthy characteristic of high pressure external insulation equipment.
Background technology
In electric system, high pressure external insulation equipment is widely distributed due to it, often faces the geographical environment of various complexity and the impact of climatic environment.As, under the effect of the meteorological conditions such as mist, dew, drizzle, ice-melt, snow melt, high pressure external insulation equipment deposited on silicon is filthy, reduces the electrical strength of high pressure external insulation equipment.Along with the filthy on the surface deposition of high pressure external insulation equipment, the raising of transmission voltage and the aggravation of environmental pollution, cause high pressure external insulation equipment that pollution flashover accident and pollution flashover problem occur under working voltage, cause the operation that high pressure external insulation equipment cannot be safe and reliable, pollution flashover problem causes the great attention of power department.
By analyzing the filthy characteristic on high pressure external insulation equipment surface, and report to the police before reaching pollution flashover, the object taking measures in advance to avoid pollution flashover problem to produce can be reached, therefore analyze the filthy characteristic on high pressure external insulation equipment surface, the safe and stable operation for electric system is significant.
Wherein, to the analysis of the filthy characteristic on high pressure external insulation equipment surface, mainly carried out the characteristic of the filth of the deposition of simulated high-pressure external insulation equipment in actual motion environment by Natural contamination station.
The measuring technology of the naturally filthy characteristic of existing high pressure external insulation equipment, equivalent salt density and the ash of mainly testing nature filth are close, characterize the pollution degree of high pressure external insulation equipment with this.Wherein, the natural pollution layer on high pressure external insulation equipment surface mainly comprises soluble ingredient and insoluble components, and the content of soluble ingredient represents with equivalent salt density, and the content of insoluble components then represents with ash is close.Equivalent salt density is the abbreviation of equivalent salt deposit density, be external insulation equipment per surface area on equivalent salt amount.The abbreviation of ash close right and wrong solvable sediment density, refer to be attached to high pressure external insulation equipment per surface area on the content that can not be dissolved in the material of water.
The measuring technology of the naturally filthy equivalent salt density of existing high pressure external insulation equipment, is generally the filth naturally by cleaning high pressure external insulation equipment, tests equivalent salt density by soiling solution.
Naturally the measuring technology that the filthy ash of existing high pressure external insulation equipment is close, is generally by filtering soiling solution and weighing, obtains ash close.
But the technology of the naturally filthy characteristic of high pressure external insulation equipment being carried out to full test is not provided in prior art.
Summary of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention provides a kind of method of testing of naturally filthy characteristic of high pressure external insulation equipment, with the naturally filthy characteristic of full test high pressure external insulation equipment.
Embodiments provide a kind of method of testing of naturally filthy characteristic of high pressure external insulation equipment, comprising:
Obtain the to be tested naturally filthy of high pressure external insulation equipment surface;
Equivalent salt density test and grey density test are carried out to described natural filth to be tested;
After the to be tested natural filth obtaining high pressure external insulation equipment surface, also comprise:
Following at least one test is carried out to described natural filth to be tested: the test of filthy composition test, filthy testing graininess, filthy pattern, the test of filthy thermogravimetric and filthy examination of infrared spectrum.
The method of testing of the naturally filthy characteristic of the high pressure external insulation equipment that the embodiment of the present invention provides, after the to be tested natural filth obtaining high pressure external insulation equipment surface, by carrying out equivalent salt density test and grey density test to described natural filth to be tested, equivalent salt density and the ash that can obtain described filth naturally to be tested are close, thus can determine the pollution degree on high pressure external insulation equipment surface; By carrying out at least one test in filthy composition test, filthy testing graininess, the test of filthy pattern, the test of filthy thermogravimetric and filthy examination of infrared spectrum to described natural filth to be tested, the at least one in the granularity of candidate particles in the described naturally filthy ion component that comprises to be tested and concentration, natural filth to be tested, the shape characteristic of filth naturally to be tested, thermal stability and chemical bond information or functional group's information can be obtained, can the naturally filthy characteristic on full test high pressure external insulation equipment surface.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the present invention, introduce doing one to the accompanying drawing used required in the present invention simply below, apparently, accompanying drawing in the following describes is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, under the prerequisite not paying creative work, other accompanying drawing can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The process flow diagram of the method for testing of the naturally filthy characteristic of a kind of high pressure external insulation equipment that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearly, be described in further detail the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, obviously, described embodiment is the present invention's part embodiment, instead of whole embodiments.Be understandable that; specific embodiment described herein is only for explaining the present invention; but not limitation of the invention; based on the embodiment in the present invention; those of ordinary skill in the art, not making the every other embodiment obtained under creative work prerequisite, belong to the scope of protection of the invention.It also should be noted that, for convenience of description, illustrate only part related to the present invention in accompanying drawing but not full content.
Refer to Fig. 1, the process flow diagram of the method for testing of the naturally filthy characteristic of a kind of high pressure external insulation equipment provided for the embodiment of the present invention.The method of the embodiment of the present invention is applicable to electric system, can carry out full test to the naturally filthy characteristic on the high pressure external insulation equipment surface of extensively distribution in electric system, typical high pressure external insulation equipment comprises pin insulator, cap and pin type suspension insulator, support insulator, sleeve pipe and insulation sleeve.
The method comprises:
Naturally the filth to be tested on step 110, acquisition high pressure external insulation equipment surface;
This step can have numerous embodiments, such as, comprise at least one in following embodiment:
Naturally the filth on mode one, employing distilled water cleaning high pressure external insulation equipment surface, obtains comprising described naturally filthy soiling solution to be tested.
Particularly, upper surface and the lower surface surface area separately of high pressure external insulation equipment can first be determined; Then, according to the surface area of described upper surface and the surface area of lower surface, determine distilled water consumption, such as, according to the surface area of every square centimeter water 0.2ml, determine distilled water consumption; And then adopt distilled water to clean the naturally filthy of high pressure external insulation equipment surface.
The filthy powder on mode two, scraping high pressure external insulation equipment surface, as to be tested naturally filthy.
Step 120, equivalent salt density test and grey density test are carried out to described natural filth to be tested;
In this step, by carrying out equivalent salt density test to described natural filth to be tested, can determine described naturally filthy equivalent salt density to be tested, be also the content of the soluble ingredient in nature filth; By carrying out grey density test to described natural filth to be tested, can determine that described naturally filthy ash is close, be also the content of the insoluble components in nature filth; By described naturally filthy equivalent salt density to be tested and ash close, and then determine the pollution degree on high pressure external insulation equipment surface.
Step 130, filthy composition test is carried out to described natural filth to be tested;
This step specifically tests the described naturally filthy ion that comprises to be tested and corresponding ion concentration.
This step can have numerous embodiments, is described respectively below.
As this step one preferred embodiment, atomic absorption spectrophotometry can be utilized to carry out filthy composition test to natural filth to be tested, specifically can comprise:
Controlling feature spectral line source emission characteristic spectral line;
Control atomizer and naturally filthy atom to be tested is turned to atom vapor;
That reference chip detection is launched by described characteristic spectral line emissive source, do not absorbed by described atom vapor, and through with reference to the spectral line after filter transmission;
That detection chip detection is sent by described characteristic spectrum line source, absorb through described atom vapor, and the spectral line after the detection filter transmission of correspondence;
Data processing module processes the output signal of detector chip respectively, to identify the concentration of naturally filthy ion component to be tested and the judgement naturally filthy ion component comprised to be tested.
It should be noted that, the transmission peak wavelength of detection optical filter determines the concrete ion component that can test of detection chip, the filth naturally to be tested that the element number decision of the detection chip of described detection optical filter and correspondence can be tested comprise maximum kinds of ion.
When the transmission peak wavelength of detection optical filter is Na
+absorbing wavelength time, whether described detection filter unit and detection chip coordinate data processing module, described with reference to optical filter and described reference chip, can test in described natural filth to be tested containing Na
+and the concentration of correspondence.
Similarly, the transmission peak wavelength of described detection optical filter can also be K
+absorbing wavelength, NH
4 +absorbing wavelength, Mg
2 +absorbing wavelength, and Ca
2 +absorbing wavelength, whether described detection filter unit and detection chip coordinate data processing module, described with reference to optical filter and described reference chip, can test in described natural filth to be tested containing K
+and the concentration of correspondence, whether containing NH
4 +and the concentration of correspondence, whether containing Mg
2 +and the concentration of correspondence, and whether containing Ca
2 +and the concentration of correspondence.
Similarly, the transmission peak wavelength of described detection optical filter can also be Cl
-absorbing wavelength, NO
2 -absorbing wavelength, NO
3 -absorbing wavelength, F
-absorbing wavelength, and SO
4 2-absorbing wavelength, thus to test in described natural filth to be tested whether containing aforementioned anionic and corresponding concentration.
As another preferred embodiment of this step, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrography can be utilized to carry out filthy composition test to natural filth to be tested, specifically can comprise:
Controlling radiofrequency launcher is loaded in inductive coupler coils by high-frequency energy, produces electromagnetic field of high frequency to make the plasmatorch pipe being placed in described inductive coupler coils center;
Control the argon gas ionization passed in described plasmatorch pipe, with under the effect of electromagnetic field of high frequency, form the vortex cavity concentric with described inductive coupler coils, and form plasma;
Control atomization system by naturally filthy atomization to be tested;
The to be tested natural filth controlled after atomization enters the axial passage of plasma, with emission characteristic spectral line;
According to the intensity of characteristic spectral line and characteristic spectral line, identify naturally filthy ion component to be tested and judge the concentration of the ion component that filth naturally to be tested comprises.
Whether according to the existence of characteristic spectral line whether present embodiment can, to test in described natural filth to be tested containing certain ion, determine the concentration of corresponding ion according to the decay of characteristic spectral line intensity.
As this step another preferred embodiment, ion-exchange chromatography can be utilized to carry out filthy composition test to natural filth to be tested, specifically can comprise:
Ion-exchange chromatography is utilized to be separated by the naturally filthy ion comprised to be tested;
Utilize ion-exchange chromatography, identify the concentration of naturally filthy ion component to be tested and the judgement naturally filthy ion component comprised to be tested.
It should be noted that, present embodiment requires that natural filth to be tested is in a liquid state, and such as, adopts the soiling solution to be tested in step 110.Ion-exchange chromatography take ion exchanger as Stationary liquid, with the solution containing specific ion for mobile phase, utilize the exchangeable ion on ion exchanger and described soiling solution intermediate ion to be tested to exchange, and then utilize ion-exchange chromatography to test the described naturally filthy ion that comprises to be tested and concentration accordingly.
It should be noted that, pass through atomic absorption spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma emission spectrography and ion-exchange chromatography, obtain the naturally filthy ion that comprises to be tested and corresponding concentration, the naturally filthy composition on the high pressure external insulation equipment surface of different regions can be determined, the naturally filthy composition on ac high-voltage external insulation equipment surface can be determined, and the naturally filthy composition on high direct voltage external insulation equipment surface, also namely by filthy composition test, can analyze the naturally filthy composition of different regions, the difference of alternating current equipment and DC equipment contamination accumulation characteristics can also be analyzed.
Preferably, after the concentration identifying naturally filthy ion component to be tested and the judgement naturally filthy ion component comprised to be tested, can also comprise:
Naturally filthy ion component to be tested is matched, to determine electrolytical kind in natural filth to be tested and concentration.
In other words, after getting the described naturally filthy ion component that comprises to be tested and corresponding concentration, can match to ion, thus determine electrolytical kind and ratio in described natural filth to be tested, and then the impact of described electrolyte on pollution flashover voltage can be studied, to reach the object preventing pollution flashover.
Wherein, described electrolyte can comprise monoacidic base slaine and diatomic base slaine, specifically can analyze the ratio of the diatomic base slaine in described natural filth to be tested to the impact of pollution flashover voltage.
Step 140, filthy testing graininess is carried out to described natural filth to be tested;
This step specifically determines the granularity of candidate particles in natural filth to be tested, is also the size of candidate particles.
This step can have numerous embodiments, is described respectively below.
In this step, sedimentation can be utilized to carry out filthy testing graininess to natural filth to be tested.
In this step, preferably utilize Laser immunotherapy to carry out filthy testing graininess to natural filth to be tested, specifically can comprise:
Control LASER Light Source Emission Lasers;
Detect by LASER Light Source send and through the candidate particles diffraction in natural filth to be tested and the laser after scattering;
According to the space distribution through the candidate particles diffraction in natural filth to be tested and the laser after scattering, determine the granularity of candidate particles in natural filth to be tested.
Present embodiment, because the space distribution of the laser of candidate particles diffraction after scattering in natural filth to be tested is only relevant with the granularity of candidate particles, therefore, based on the space distribution through the candidate particles diffraction in natural filth to be tested and the laser after scattering, the granularity of described candidate particles can be determined.
It should be noted that, by determining the granularity of candidate particles in described natural filth to be tested, can analyze the filthy granularity that different geographic areas and different voltage type high pressure external insulation equipment are naturally filthy, the test result of filthy granularity can be used for the research of insulator contamination accumulation characteristics.
Step 150, filthy pattern test is carried out to described natural filth to be tested;
In this step, scanning electron microscope can be utilized to scan, then analyze described naturally filthy shape characteristic to be tested.Specifically can comprise:
To be tested naturally filthy described in gated sweep electron microscope scanning;
According to scanning result, obtain described naturally filthy following at least one shape characteristic to be tested: the rule degree of the dispersing morphology of geometrical morphology, powder and powder distribution.
It should be noted that, this step requires to be tested naturally filthy in solid-state, and such as, the filthy powder on scraping high pressure external insulation equipment surface, dries removing moisture by filthy powder, as to be tested naturally filthy.Conducting resinl or Double-face gummed paper are bonded on specimen holder, above equably filthy powder being sprinkling upon, after blowing away unstuck powder with ear washing bulb, then plate one deck conducting film, can be placed in scanning electron microscope and observe.Scanning result includes naturally filthy microscopic appearance to be tested, therefore can obtain described naturally filthy shape characteristic to be tested by scanning result.
Wherein, naturally filthy shatter value to be tested or tight ness rating can be determined by the dispersing morphology of powder, naturally filthy inner void count to be tested, pore size and hole arrangement etc. can also be determined.
It should be noted that, filthy pattern is related to filthy water absorbing properties, and filthy water absorbing properties can affect the pollution flashover voltage of insulator.Even if the filth of different-shape has identical equivalent salt density, ash close, the external insulation state that it shows is completely different, particularly outstanding for composite insulator this point.Therefore test filthy pattern and can analyze high-tension apparatus external insulation state more all sidedly, the generation of Prevent from Dirt Flash accident.
Step 160, filthy thermogravimetric test is carried out to described natural filth to be tested;
This step specifically tests described naturally filthy thermal stability to be tested.Particularly, can by setting-up time interval measurement naturally filthy quality to be tested and corresponding temperature;
According to described naturally filthy quality to be tested and corresponding temperature, determine described naturally filthy thermal stability to be tested.
Wherein, naturally filthy quality to be tested and corresponding temperature can be obtained by thermobalance.
For composite insulator, thermogravimetric analysis can obtain the migration amount of silicon rubber Small molecular in filth, can be used for composite insulator migration of hydrophobicity Journal of Sex Research.
Step 170, filthy examination of infrared spectrum is carried out to described natural filth to be tested.
This step specifically determines chemical bond information in natural filth to be tested or functional group's information.
As this step one preferred embodiment, can comprise:
Control infrared light supply and launch infrared light;
Obtain infrared light by described to be tested naturally filthy, and produce the absorption of vibrations spectrum of absorption of vibrations with described filth naturally to be tested;
According to the absorption of vibrations position in described absorption of vibrations spectrum, determine the chemical bond information in described natural filth to be tested or functional group's information.
Preferably, after the chemical bond information determined in described natural filth to be tested or functional group's information, can also comprise: according to described chemical bond information or functional group's information, determine the type of polymer in described natural filth to be tested, to determine high pressure external insulation equipment surfacing generation molecular migration or aging situation.
The technical scheme of the present embodiment, after the to be tested natural filth obtaining high pressure external insulation equipment surface, by carrying out equivalent salt density test and grey density test to described natural filth to be tested, equivalent salt density and the ash that can obtain described filth naturally to be tested are close, thus can determine the pollution degree on high pressure external insulation equipment surface; By carrying out at least one test in filthy composition test, filthy testing graininess, the test of filthy pattern, the test of filthy thermogravimetric and filthy examination of infrared spectrum to described natural filth to be tested, the at least one in the granularity of candidate particles in the described naturally filthy ion component that comprises to be tested and concentration, natural filth to be tested, the shape characteristic of filth naturally to be tested, thermal stability and chemical bond information or functional group's information can be obtained, can the naturally filthy characteristic on full test high pressure external insulation equipment surface.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, step 120-step 170 is separate, and the execution sequence of the present embodiment to step 120-step 170 does not limit.
Also it should be noted that, step 130-step 170 can perform separately, also can combine employing.The present embodiment does not limit this.
Independent execution with combine the difference that adopts and be, perform separately and can only obtain naturally filthy characteristic in a certain respect to be tested, and combine the characteristic information that employing can obtain enriching.
Last it is noted that above each embodiment is only for illustration of technical scheme of the present invention, but not be limited; In embodiment preferred embodiment, be not limited, to those skilled in the art, the present invention can have various change and change.All do within spirit of the present invention and principle any amendment, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a method of testing for the naturally filthy characteristic of high pressure external insulation equipment, comprising:
Obtain the to be tested naturally filthy of high pressure external insulation equipment surface;
Equivalent salt density test and grey density test are carried out to described natural filth to be tested;
It is characterized in that, after the to be tested natural filth obtaining high pressure external insulation equipment surface, also comprise:
Following at least one test is carried out to described natural filth to be tested: the test of filthy composition test, filthy testing graininess, filthy pattern, the test of filthy thermogravimetric and filthy examination of infrared spectrum.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out filthy composition test, comprising described natural filth to be tested:
Controlling feature spectral line source emission characteristic spectral line;
Control atomizer and naturally filthy atom to be tested is turned to atom vapor;
That reference chip detection is launched by described characteristic spectral line emissive source, do not absorbed by described atom vapor, and through with reference to the spectral line after filter transmission;
That detection chip detection is sent by described characteristic spectrum line source, absorb through described atom vapor, and the spectral line after the detection filter transmission of correspondence;
Data processing module processes the output signal of detector chip respectively, to identify the concentration of naturally filthy ion component to be tested and the judgement naturally filthy ion component comprised to be tested.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out filthy composition test, comprising described natural filth to be tested:
Controlling radiofrequency launcher is loaded in inductive coupler coils by high-frequency energy, produces electromagnetic field of high frequency to make the plasmatorch pipe being placed in described inductive coupler coils center;
Control the argon gas ionization passed in described plasmatorch pipe, with under the effect of electromagnetic field of high frequency, form the vortex cavity concentric with described inductive coupler coils, and form plasma;
Control atomization system by naturally filthy atomization to be tested;
The to be tested natural filth controlled after atomization enters the axial passage of plasma, with emission characteristic spectral line;
According to the intensity of characteristic spectral line and characteristic spectral line, identify naturally filthy ion component to be tested and judge the concentration of the ion component that filth naturally to be tested comprises.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out filthy composition test, comprising described natural filth to be tested:
Ion-exchange chromatography is utilized to be separated by the naturally filthy ion comprised to be tested;
Utilize ion-exchange chromatography, identify the concentration of naturally filthy ion component to be tested and the judgement naturally filthy ion component comprised to be tested.
5. according to the arbitrary described method of claim 2-4, it is characterized in that, after the concentration identifying naturally filthy ion component to be tested and the judgement naturally filthy ion component comprised to be tested, also comprise:
Naturally filthy ion component to be tested is matched, to determine electrolytical kind in natural filth to be tested and concentration.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out filthy testing graininess, comprising described natural filth to be tested:
Control LASER Light Source Emission Lasers;
Detect by LASER Light Source send and through the candidate particles diffraction in natural filth to be tested and the laser after scattering;
According to the space distribution through the candidate particles diffraction in natural filth to be tested and the laser after scattering, determine the granularity of candidate particles in natural filth to be tested.
7. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out filthy pattern test, comprising described natural filth to be tested:
To be tested naturally filthy described in gated sweep electron microscope scanning;
According to scanning result, obtain described naturally filthy following at least one shape characteristic to be tested: the rule degree of the dispersing morphology of geometrical morphology, powder and powder distribution.
8. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out filthy thermogravimetric test, comprising described natural filth to be tested:
By setting-up time interval measurement naturally filthy quality to be tested and corresponding temperature;
According to described naturally filthy quality to be tested and corresponding temperature, determine described naturally filthy thermal stability to be tested.
9. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, carries out filthy examination of infrared spectrum, comprising described natural filth to be tested:
Control infrared light supply and launch infrared light;
Obtain infrared light by described to be tested naturally filthy, and produce the absorption of vibrations spectrum of absorption of vibrations with described filth naturally to be tested;
According to the absorption of vibrations position in described absorption of vibrations spectrum, determine the chemical bond information in described natural filth to be tested or functional group's information.
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