CN102976812A - Method for producing biomass fertilizer by using straw - Google Patents

Method for producing biomass fertilizer by using straw Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102976812A
CN102976812A CN2012104259675A CN201210425967A CN102976812A CN 102976812 A CN102976812 A CN 102976812A CN 2012104259675 A CN2012104259675 A CN 2012104259675A CN 201210425967 A CN201210425967 A CN 201210425967A CN 102976812 A CN102976812 A CN 102976812A
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stalk
fertilizer
straw
wheat
resolvent
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CN102976812B (en
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高金菊
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Shandong Aifudi Biology Holding Co ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for producing a biomass fertilizer by using straw, which belongs to the field of biomass fertilizers. The method comprises the following steps: A) laying wheat straw on the bottom of an enclosed container and wetting the wheat straw through spraying of biogas slurry; B) laying a layer of biogas residue on the wheat straw; C) laying crop straw on the biogas residue and inserting a hollow pipe into the straw; D) introducing air into the enclosed container for 30 to 120 min through the hollow pipe by using a blower every other day; E) taking out all the materials for drying in the sun in 35 to 50 d so as to obtain a catabolite of the straw; and F) preparing the biomass fertilizer through uniform mixing of the catabolite of the straw with a fertilizer under stirring. According to the invention, decomposition of the straw can be realized through usage of a special microbial inoculums; the obtained biomass fertilizer can increase soil organic matters and beneficial microorganisms year after year and has the advantages of low cost and capacity of improving the ecological structure of soil.

Description

A kind of method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers
Technical field
The invention belongs to the biomass fertilizers field, more particularly, relate to a kind of method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers.
Background technology
Stalk is often referred to wheat, paddy rice, corn, potato class, oil plant, cotton, sugarcane and other farm crop remainder behind the results seed.The general abandoned of the stalk of these farm crop is deposited in the field, relatively moist, can not perfect combustion when igniting, can produce the smog that in a large number eyes, respiratory tract is had intense stimulus, wherein contain a large amount of dust, drop and other pollutent, these smog spread with the wind, and environment, people and other animal are produced serious harm.Its main harm have following some.
1), health threat.Open-air crop straw burning causes that total suspended particles quantity obviously raises in the air, to the HUMAN HEALTH harm.According to surveying and determination, contain a large amount of poisonous chemical substance and suspended particles such as CO in the smog that crop straw burning produces, these materials will damage after being sucked or contact by human body.Particularly between harvesting time in late autumn, running into freezing air descends, when convection of air is slow, crop straw burning is regional in addition, the period is all relatively concentrated, a large amount of smog are difficult to disperse within short duration, have had a strong impact on Air quality, and people's respiratory tract, ophthalmic diseases sickness rate and recurrence rate are obviously improved, person in middle and old age and children and the people that suffers from respiratory tract disease are affected maximum, can cause people and animals to suffocate when serious.Can produce multiple toxic chemical substance in the process of burning straw, except pellet, also comprise a certain amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, oxynitrides and oxygen sulfur compound, also the people's healthy formation directly be threatened.
2), property hidden danger.During open-air concentrated crop straw burning, accelerate the convection current of air, increase wind speed, change easily wind direction, also can produce and fly at aerial " fire group ", artificially restive, alter easily to courtyard and field, cause the fire of house, farm crop, cause the people, animal injures and deaths, farm crop, property damage.
3), hidden trouble of traffic.Open-air crop straw burning forms thick smoke, has increased airborne dust.Smog has certain absorption and scattering power to sunlight, has reduced the yield of radiation of sunlight, makes atmosphere become muddy, greatly reduces air visibility meter, has influence on the normal operation of civil aviaton, railway, motorway when serious, and traffic is consisted of potential threat.
4), social hidden danger.The open-air crop straw burning of concentrating, everybody deeply hurts.In the rural area, the fire because crop straw burning causes causes neighbourhood's contradiction; In the city, citizen's rule of life is upset, and the exercise of can not lying fallow has aggravated social contradications to a certain extent, has brought pressure to social harmony.
5), destroy the eubiosis.Each component of soil has the physico-chemical property of self, is in each other relatively stable or change state.Among a small circle, the organic substance in the soil, nutrient, hydrothermal resources are in a kind of balance, and crop straw burning has destroyed this balance.
(1) burns microorganism to death.The temperature that produces during crop straw burning is up to 700 ℃, and a large amount of beneficial microorganisms are scorched to death, have destroyed " clay fertilizer melts mutually ", and the organo mineral colloidal complex that soil ulmin and mineral grogs is combined closely form disintegrates, and " alive native " become " dead soil ".
(2) burn organism.Make the organic substance burnings such as charcoal in the stalk, nitrogen, wood fibre, resin totally, only remaining some ash contents and inorganic elements, losing by straw-returning increases all benefits that the soil organism brings.
6), waste Biological resources.China is a large agricultural country, and abundant biomass energy (green plants converts solar energy into the energy that chemical energy is stored in biomass inside by chlorophyll) resource is arranged.Agricultural crop straw is the Biological resources of a preciousness in the agricultural production system, also is the important substance basis of keeping ecological balance.The expert represents, if with 1 mu of wheat class straw directly returning to field, be equivalent to enrich 55 kilograms of organic matters, and 15 kilograms of carbon ammoniums, 3 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 7.5 kilograms of vitriolate of tartar.If crop straw burning is processed, carbon loss more than 80% wherein, nitrogen loss 70%, phosphorus, potassium loss 30%, and remaining about 25% phosphorus all is converted into slow attitude or stationary state, is difficult to bring into play response to fertilizer.
So that seeks the better utilised stalk utilizes method extremely urgent.Now had a lot of stalks that utilizes to make the patent application of biomass fertilizers, but they have common characteristics, are exactly with after the crushed stalk, adopt composite fungus agent to carry out fermentative processing.China Patent No. 201110439448.X for example, open day on 07 04th, 2012, the patent document of a bio-feritlizer that is called use stalk, the disposable mixed fermentation of chemical fertilizer and preparation method thereof is disclosed, this uses the bio-feritlizer of stalk, the disposable mixed fermentation of chemical fertilizer, it comprises composite fungus agent and fermentation carrier, composite fungus agent forms after adsorbing the bacterial classification mixed solution by absorption carrier, and fermentation carrier and absorption carrier are the mixtures of agricultural crop straw and chemical fertilizer; Be after bacterial classification is fermented respectively, mix, bacterial classification mixed solution and absorption carrier are mixed into composite fungus agent, then composite fungus agent is seeded in fermentation carrier, 58 ~ 72 ℃ of fermentations of stacking, even turning in per two days once, this bio-feritlizer that was through 30 ~ 35 days.
These methods much obtain good effect when lab investigation, but there is very large shortcoming, because need to buy composite fungus agent when processing, not only expensive, and a lot of composite fungus agents of buying are not suitable for local condition, and reaction effect is undesirable, if produce specially the environment that is fit to these composite fungus agents, cost is too high, and is impracticable.And the treatment process that has also needs to pulverize supervisor and has also strengthened the cost input.
The flora of the energy decomposing straw that adapts to local environment is arranged in each local ecotope in fact, and they are present in the media such as air, water and soil, how to make good use of local flora and come decomposing straw, are only the most cheap mode that stalk decomposes that solves.
Summary of the invention
The problem that solves
For utilizing stalk to make the high problem of biomass fertilizers cost in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers, it is with low cost, does not need to make up special environment, takes full advantage of local resources.
Technical scheme
In order to address the above problem, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers may further comprise the steps:
A) spread wheat stalk in the bottom of an encloses container, adopt natural pond liquid that wheat stalk is squirted, the thickness of wheat stalk is the 1/10-1/5 of whole container height;
B) layer overlay natural pond slag on wheat stalk;
C) spread agricultural crop straw at the natural pond slag, spread after the agricultural crop straw, an open tube is inserted in the stalk, the other end of open tube stretches out the encloses container outside;
D) with the sealing of encloses container and open tube, in each interval of one day, adopt gas blower by open tube to the encloses container 30-120min that ventilates;
E) after 35-50 days all substances taking-up is dried, obtain the stalk resolvent;
F) the configuration biomass fertilizers is mixed the stalk resolvent with chemical fertilizer, and the weight percent of various compositions is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15% ~ 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 25%, potash fertilizer 10% ~ 15%, surplus are the stalk resolvent, and stirring and evenly mixing obtains biomass fertilizers.
Further, the mass ratio of natural pond liquid and wheat stalk is 1-5:10 described steps A).
Further, the agricultural crop straw described step C) be in corn, wheat, paddy rice, rape and the cotton stalk any one or multiple.
Further, described step F) middle configuration biomass fertilizers, the stalk resolvent is mixed with chemical fertilizer, the weight percent of various compositions is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, potash fertilizer 15%, stalk resolvent 50%, stirring and evenly mixing.
Beneficial effect
Than prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention at first spreads wheat stalk in the bottom of an encloses container, adopt natural pond liquid that wheat stalk is squirted, the thickness of wheat stalk is the 1/10-1/5 of whole container height, utilize flora and wheat stalk in the liquid of natural pond to react easily, elder generation's Decomposition of Wheat stalk produces a large amount of floras, more progressively other agricultural crop straws of decomposition, do not need to buy microbial inoculum, reduced cost;
(2) the present invention disposes biomass fertilizers, the stalk resolvent is mixed with chemical fertilizer, the weight percent of various compositions is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15% ~ 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 25%, potash fertilizer 10% ~ 15%, surplus is the stalk resolvent, and stirring and evenly mixing obtains biomass fertilizers, the biomass fertilizers of gained not only cost is low, and can increase year by year organic matter and beneficial microorganism in the soil, and improve the ecologic structure of soil, avoid hardening of soil;
(3) production technique of the present invention is simple, and cost is low, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
Embodiment
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
Embodiment 1
. a kind of method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers may further comprise the steps:
A) spread wheat stalk in the bottom of an encloses container, adopt natural pond liquid that wheat stalk is squirted, the thickness of wheat stalk is 1/10 of whole container height; The mass ratio of natural pond liquid and wheat stalk is 1:10.Certain rural area in the sample plot point selection Nanjing of present embodiment.
B) layer overlay natural pond slag on wheat stalk.Natural pond liquid in the present embodiment and natural pond slag are all from the methane-generating pit of Nanjing peasant household.
C) spread the agricultural crop straws such as corn, wheat, paddy rice, rape and cotton at the natural pond slag, spread after the agricultural crop straw, an open tube is inserted in the stalk, the other end of open tube stretches out the encloses container outside; The kind of agricultural crop straw is on not impact of the present invention in this step, and the present invention mainly is in order to process these agricultural crop straws, and difference is when decomposing, and it is fast that the agricultural crop straw that has decomposes, the decomposition that has slow.
D) with the sealing of encloses container and open tube, in each interval of one day, adopt gas blower by open tube to the encloses container 30-120min that ventilates; 30min has preferably been selected in this enforcement.
E) after 50 days all substances taking-up is dried, obtain the stalk resolvent;
F) the configuration biomass fertilizers is mixed the stalk resolvent with chemical fertilizer, and the weight percent of various compositions is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, potash fertilizer 15%, and stalk resolvent 50%, stirring and evenly mixing obtains biomass fertilizers.
Be chosen in the corn field in one 10 mu in Nanjing, use this biomass fertilizers of 75kg for every mu, compare with the farmland of every mu of applied nitrogen 15kg, phosphate fertilizer 20kg, potash fertilizer 15kg, corn yield has increased by 5%, has saved the chemical fertilizer of 12.5kg, and soil is soft, does not harden.
Embodiment 2
. with embodiment 1, difference is current sample plot point selection Xuzhou.Natural pond liquid in the present embodiment and natural pond slag are from the methane-generating pit of Xuzhou peasant household.Steps A) thickness of wheat stalk is 1/5 of whole container height in; The mass ratio of natural pond liquid and wheat stalk is 1:2.Step D) adopt in gas blower by open tube to the encloses container 120min that ventilates.Step e) after 35 days all substances taking-up is dried in, obtain the stalk resolvent.Step F) the configuration biomass fertilizers is mixed the stalk resolvent in chemical fertilizer, and the weight percent of various compositions is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 15%, potash fertilizer 10%, surplus are the stalk resolvent, and stirring and evenly mixing obtains biomass fertilizers.
Embodiment 3
With embodiment 1, difference is current sample plot point selection Lianyun Harbour.Natural pond liquid in the present embodiment and natural pond slag are from the methane-generating pit of Lianyun Harbour peasant household.Steps A) thickness of wheat stalk is 1/8 of whole container height in; The mass ratio of natural pond liquid and wheat stalk is 3:10.Step D) adopt in gas blower by open tube to the encloses container 60min that ventilates; Step e) after 40 days all substances taking-up is dried in, obtain the stalk resolvent; Step F) the configuration biomass fertilizers is mixed the stalk resolvent in chemical fertilizer, and the weight percent of various compositions is: nitrogenous fertilizer 20%, phosphate fertilizer 25%, potash fertilizer 15%, surplus are the stalk resolvent, and stirring and evenly mixing obtains biomass fertilizers.

Claims (4)

1. method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers may further comprise the steps:
A) spread wheat stalk in the bottom of an encloses container, adopt natural pond liquid that wheat stalk is squirted, the thickness of wheat stalk is the 1/10-1/5 of whole container height;
B) layer overlay natural pond slag on wheat stalk;
C) spread agricultural crop straw at the natural pond slag, spread after the agricultural crop straw, an open tube is inserted in the stalk, the other end of open tube stretches out the encloses container outside;
D) with the sealing of encloses container and open tube, in each interval of one day, adopt gas blower by open tube to the encloses container 30-120min that ventilates;
E) after 35-50 days all substances taking-up is dried, obtain the stalk resolvent;
F) the configuration biomass fertilizers is mixed the stalk resolvent with chemical fertilizer, and the weight percent of various compositions is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15% ~ 20%, phosphate fertilizer 15% ~ 25%, potash fertilizer 10% ~ 15%, surplus are the stalk resolvent, and stirring and evenly mixing obtains biomass fertilizers.
2. a kind of method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers according to claim 1 is characterized in that described steps A) in the mass ratio of natural pond liquid and wheat stalk be 1-5:10.
3. a kind of method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers according to claim 1 is characterized in that described step C) in agricultural crop straw be in corn, wheat, paddy rice, rape or the cotton stalk any one or multiple.
4. a kind of method of utilizing stalk production biomass fertilizers according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step F) configuration biomass fertilizers in, the stalk resolvent is mixed with chemical fertilizer, the weight percent of various compositions is: nitrogenous fertilizer 15%, phosphate fertilizer 20%, potash fertilizer 15%, stalk resolvent 50%, stirring and evenly mixing.
CN201210425967.5A 2012-10-31 2012-10-31 Method for producing biomass fertilizer by using straw Active CN102976812B (en)

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103304344A (en) * 2013-06-26 2013-09-18 周永珍 Rice straw compound fertilizer for improving saline-alkali lands
CN103304300A (en) * 2013-06-26 2013-09-18 周永珍 Soybean straw compound fertilizer for salinized soil
CN103664358A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-03-26 青岛天人环境股份有限公司 Biogas slurry curing organic fertilizer for solanberry yield increase and preparation method thereof
CN104255202A (en) * 2014-08-29 2015-01-07 东北农业大学 Straw and biogas slurry synchronous returning method and machine
CN104904485A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-16 安徽农业大学 Method for improving yield and economic benefits of vegetables through smoked manure
CN106168022A (en) * 2015-05-21 2016-11-30 N-天赋有限公司 Construction method is strengthened on the preparation facilities of ground-improving material, method and ground top layer
CN106854119A (en) * 2017-01-25 2017-06-16 贵州金叶子生态苗木科技发展有限公司 A kind of preparation method of ecological organic fertilier
CN106905053A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-06-30 亿利生态修复股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of fertilizer and fertilizer
CN107235813A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-10-10 天津市实验林场 A kind of method that utilization stalk produces biomass fertilizers
CN107417456A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-12-01 合肥市风达农业有限责任公司 A kind of preparation method of stalk fertilizer
CN107721741A (en) * 2017-11-08 2018-02-23 安徽省宗正农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of biomass fertilizers preparation method
CN109867576A (en) * 2019-03-21 2019-06-11 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 Straw biogas slurry fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

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US5582627A (en) * 1988-09-09 1996-12-10 Yamashita; Thomas T. Detoxification of soil
CN1160032A (en) * 1996-10-14 1997-09-24 杨起 Method for producing organic granular compound fertilizer from crop stalks
CN101229982A (en) * 2008-02-15 2008-07-30 吕景海 Method for producing organic compound fertilizer by using biogas residues
EP1980546A2 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-10-15 Agroittica Acqua e Sole S.p.A. Process and system for the production of energy and composted material from agricultural waste containing cellulose
CN101723766A (en) * 2008-10-10 2010-06-09 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Organic compound soil modifier and preparation thereof

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5582627A (en) * 1988-09-09 1996-12-10 Yamashita; Thomas T. Detoxification of soil
CN1160032A (en) * 1996-10-14 1997-09-24 杨起 Method for producing organic granular compound fertilizer from crop stalks
EP1980546A2 (en) * 2007-01-26 2008-10-15 Agroittica Acqua e Sole S.p.A. Process and system for the production of energy and composted material from agricultural waste containing cellulose
CN101229982A (en) * 2008-02-15 2008-07-30 吕景海 Method for producing organic compound fertilizer by using biogas residues
CN101723766A (en) * 2008-10-10 2010-06-09 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 Organic compound soil modifier and preparation thereof

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103304300A (en) * 2013-06-26 2013-09-18 周永珍 Soybean straw compound fertilizer for salinized soil
CN103304344A (en) * 2013-06-26 2013-09-18 周永珍 Rice straw compound fertilizer for improving saline-alkali lands
CN103664358B (en) * 2013-11-27 2015-09-16 青岛天人环境股份有限公司 A kind of solanaceous vegetables volume increase natural pond liquid-solidization fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN103664358A (en) * 2013-11-27 2014-03-26 青岛天人环境股份有限公司 Biogas slurry curing organic fertilizer for solanberry yield increase and preparation method thereof
CN104255202A (en) * 2014-08-29 2015-01-07 东北农业大学 Straw and biogas slurry synchronous returning method and machine
CN106168022A (en) * 2015-05-21 2016-11-30 N-天赋有限公司 Construction method is strengthened on the preparation facilities of ground-improving material, method and ground top layer
CN104904485A (en) * 2015-06-23 2015-09-16 安徽农业大学 Method for improving yield and economic benefits of vegetables through smoked manure
CN106854119A (en) * 2017-01-25 2017-06-16 贵州金叶子生态苗木科技发展有限公司 A kind of preparation method of ecological organic fertilier
CN106905053A (en) * 2017-04-06 2017-06-30 亿利生态修复股份有限公司 A kind of preparation method of fertilizer and fertilizer
CN107417456A (en) * 2017-06-23 2017-12-01 合肥市风达农业有限责任公司 A kind of preparation method of stalk fertilizer
CN107235813A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-10-10 天津市实验林场 A kind of method that utilization stalk produces biomass fertilizers
CN107721741A (en) * 2017-11-08 2018-02-23 安徽省宗正农业科技开发有限公司 A kind of biomass fertilizers preparation method
CN109867576A (en) * 2019-03-21 2019-06-11 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 Straw biogas slurry fertilizer and preparation method and application thereof

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