CN102933690A - 蚀刻组合物及其在制备光伏电池的方法中的使用 - Google Patents
蚀刻组合物及其在制备光伏电池的方法中的使用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于在光伏电池上蚀刻减反射涂层(ARC)的蚀刻组合物。本发明也涉及用于制备使用蚀刻组合物蚀刻ARC的光伏电池的方法以及由该方法制备的光伏电池。
发明背景
具有p-型基板的常规光伏电池结构具有通常位于电池的正面即光照面上的负极和位于背面上的正极。在光伏电池的p-n结上入射的合适波长的辐射充当在该装置中产生空穴-电子对的外部能源。由于在p-n结处存在电势差,因此空穴和电子以相反的方向跨过该结移动,从而产生能够向外部电路输送电力的电流。大部分光伏电池为金属化的硅片形式,即,具有导电的金属触点。
目前所用的太阳能发电电池大多为硅太阳能电池。在大规模的生产中,工艺流程一般要求实现最大程度的简化和尽量降低制造成本。具体地讲,通过例如丝网印刷金属浆料并随后焙烧的方法制备电极。
通常,减反射涂层(ARC)在太阳能电池的正面形成。用于本文所述方法和装置中的示例性减反射涂层材料包括但不限于:氮化硅、氧化硅、氧化钛、SiNx:H、氢化非晶氮化硅和氧化硅/氧化钛膜。该涂层可以通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、热化学气相沉积或其他已知技术形成。在涂层为氮化硅的一个实施方案中,氮化硅膜能够通过低压化学气相沉积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积、热化学气相沉积或物理气相沉积(PVD)形成。在绝缘膜为氧化硅的一个实施方案中,氧化硅膜能够通过热氧化、热化学气相沉积、等离子化学气相沉积或物理气相沉积形成。
为了获得可接受的性能,正面电极必须与邻近减反射涂层的硅电池表面建立良好的电接触。使用两种方法实现此接触。一种方法是将形成正面电极的导电浆料(如银浆)沉积到ARC上。在焙烧过程中,银浆烧结并穿透ARC,如此制备的正面电极因此能够与硅电池建立电接触。作为另外一种选择,已经在电极与硅电池建立接触的部分蚀刻ARC。银浆接着沉积到那些部分中并焙烧形成电极。通过使用较昂贵的激光以及通过使用诸如得自Merck KGaA(Darmstadt,Germany)的产品的蚀刻组合物来完成蚀刻。
需要可以除去减反射涂层的所选部分的非腐蚀性蚀刻组合物,特别需要既是热可固化又是紫外线可固化的组合物。
发明概述
本发明提供的蚀刻组合物包含:
b)有机介质,
其中所述一种或多种盐分散或溶解在有机介质中。
蚀刻组合物可以通过暴露于光伏电池焙烧条件或通过暴露于紫外光固化。
蚀刻组合物可以用于蚀刻光伏电池的减反射涂层,从而为正面电极浆料提供直接物理接触,以及在焙烧后提供正面电极与邻近减反射涂层的硅电池表面的直接物理接触。这为正面电极与硅电池间提供了良好的电接触。
此外,提供了制备光伏电池的方法,包括以下步骤:
a)提供在硅基板的正面上具有扩散层的硅基板和叠加在扩散层的表面上的减反射涂层;
b)提供蚀刻组合物,其包含:
ii)有机介质,
c)将所述蚀刻组合物沉积到待蚀刻的减反射涂层的那些部分上;以及
d)将蚀刻组合物固化,从而除去减反射涂层的部分以提供扩散层的暴露表面以用作正面电极的接触点。
另外提供的上述方法还包括以下步骤:
e)将形成正面电极的浆料沉积到扩散层的暴露表面上;以及
f)焙烧形成正面电极的浆料以形成正面电极。
还提供了通过上述方法产生的光伏电池。
附图简述
图1为示出半导体装置制造过程的工艺流程图。图1中所示的附图标号说明如下:
10:p-型硅基板
20:n-型扩散层
30:ARC,如,氮化硅膜、氧化钛膜或氧化硅膜
40:p+层(背表面场,BSF)
60:在背面上形成的铝浆
61:通过焙烧背面铝浆获得的铝背面电极浆料60
70:在背面上形成的银或银/铝浆
71:通过焙烧背面银浆获得的银或银/铝背面电极
500:ARC上的蚀刻组合物
600:通过蚀刻提供的n型扩散层接触区域
700:沉积在接触区域的形成正面电极的浆料
701:通过焙烧正面银浆700获得的正面电极
图2示出了通过实施例中紫外线固化蚀刻组合物提供的蚀刻图案
发明详述
本发明提供了蚀刻组合物,其包含一种或多种分散或溶解在有机介质中的盐。该一种或多种盐选自碘盐和锍盐。固化此组合物以激活盐的蚀刻特性并且蚀刻将要蚀刻材料的期望部分,如,光伏电池的减反射涂层。此蚀刻可以通过光伏焙烧条件下的热处理或通过暴露于紫外光发生。紫外线固化对于薄膜光伏电池特别有利。
并且锍盐为具有结构II的三芳基锍盐
其中,在两个结构中,例如,X=SbF6、PF6、BPh4、CF3SO3、或(CF3SO2)3C,以及R1、R2和R3独立地为H、烷基或芳基。
可用的碘盐和锍盐的具体但非限制性实例为二(4-叔-丁基苯基)碘六氟磷酸盐、二(4-叔-丁基苯基)碘六氟锑酸盐、二(4-叔-丁基苯基)碘三氟甲磺酸盐、二(4-叔-丁基苯基)碘樟脑磺酸盐、二(4-叔-丁基苯基)碘甲苯磺酸盐、[4-(辛氧基)苯基]苯基碘六氟磷酸盐、[4-(辛氧基)苯基]苯基碘六氟锑酸盐、三苯基六氟锑酸锍盐、三苯基六氟磷酸盐、(得自Cytec Industries(Smyrna,GA)的苯基-对-辛氧基苯基-碘六氟锑酸盐)、(溶解在碳酸亚丙酯中的75%的4-异丁基苯基-4′-甲基苯基碘六氟磷酸盐溶液,得自Ciba SpecialtyChemicals,BASF)以及三苯基锍全氟-1-丁烷磺酸盐(TPS-nf)。
有机介质
通过机械式混合使一种或多种盐分散或溶解在有机介质中以形成称为“浆料”的粘稠组合物,该组合物具有适用于印刷的稠度和流变学性质。有机介质可以包括多种惰性粘稠材料。在一个实施方案中,有机介质包含炭黑粉末以调节粘度,从而限制浆料的散布。所得的线条具有更好的清晰度。有机介质是一种可使得盐以适当的稳定度分散或溶解在其中的介质。介质的流变学特性可赋予组合物良好应用特性,包括:用于沉积蚀刻组合物的特定方法(如丝网印刷)的适当粘度和触变性、待蚀刻材料的适当润湿性质以及良好的干燥速率。
在一个实施方案中,用于本发明蚀刻组合物中的有机介质为非水惰性液体。设想使用多种有机介质,所述介质可包含或不包含增稠剂、稳定剂和/或其他常用添加剂。有机介质能够为一种或多种聚合物在一种或多种溶剂中的溶液。在一个实施方案中,聚合物为低级醇的聚甲基丙烯酸酯。在另一个实施方案中,聚合物为乙基纤维素。此外,有机载体可包含挥发性液体,该液体在被施加到基板后有助于快速硬化。
添加剂
除了上述主要成分,本发明的蚀刻组合物还可以包含各种增加或增强其特性的二次物料,诸如使得组合物热可固化或紫外光可固化的弹性聚合物、自由基引发剂,以及各种印刷助剂,诸如流平剂、消泡剂和增稠剂。这些材料是本领域所熟知的。通常,按蚀刻组合物的总重量计,所用光引发剂的量为0.1-10重量%。通常,按蚀刻组合物的总重量计,所用印刷助剂的量为0.1-2.0重量%。
制造半导体装置的方法
为了达到良好的光伏电池性能,正面电极必须与硅电池建立良好的电接触。本发明提供了实现该种良好电接触的方法。
本发明提供了制备光伏电池的方法,包括以下步骤:提供在硅基板的正面上具有扩散层的硅基板和叠加在扩散层上的减反射涂层,将本发明的蚀刻组合物沉积到待蚀刻的减反射涂层的那些部分上并且固化该蚀刻组合物,从而除去该减反射涂层的那些部分以提供扩散层的暴露表面以用作正面电极的接触点。另外提供的上述方法还包括以下步骤:将形成正面电极的浆料(如银浆)沉积到扩散层的暴露表面上,并焙烧形成正面电极的浆料以形成正面电极。
本发明还提供了通过上述制备光伏电池的方法的任一实施方案制备的光伏电池。
下面结合图1描述制备光伏电池的方法的一个实例。
图1A示出p型硅基板10。
在图1B中,通过磷(P)等的热扩散形成n型扩散层20(p型硅基板的反面)。通常将三氯氧化磷(POCl3)用作磷扩散源。在没有任何具体变型的情况下,扩散层20在硅基板10的整个表面之上形成。该扩散层具有大约几十欧姆/平方(Ω/μ)的薄膜电阻率以及约0.3-0.5μm的厚度。
如图1C所示,在用抗蚀剂等保护该扩散层的一个表面之后,通过蚀刻将扩散层20从大多数表面移除以便其仅仅保留在一个主表面上,在该情况下保留在光伏电池的正面上。然后使用有机溶剂等将抗蚀剂移除。
接下来,使用例如等离子体化学气相沉积(CVD)的方法,以图1D所示的方式在n型扩散层20上形成作为减反射涂层(ARC)的约70nm至90nm厚度的氮化硅膜30。
如图1E所示,将本发明包含光引发剂的蚀刻组合物500丝网印刷到待蚀刻的氮化硅膜30的那些部分上。接着干燥蚀刻组合物。
然后通过将其暴露在紫外光下固化该蚀刻组合物,从而除去氮化硅膜600的那些部分并且将n型扩散层暴露,如图1F所示。作为另外一种选择,如果热固化该蚀刻组合物,则应将其暴露在300℃至900℃的温度下。
如图1G所示,将形成正面电极的浆料700丝网印刷到暴露的n型扩散层表面上然后加以干燥。此外,随后将铝浆60和背面银浆或银/铝浆70丝网印刷在基板的背面上并依次进行干燥。然后通常在大约700℃至975℃温度范围内的红外线加热炉中焙烧几分钟至几十分钟。
因此,如图1H所示,焙烧期间作为掺杂剂的铝从铝浆扩散到硅基板10中,从而形成包含高浓度铝掺杂剂的p+层40。该层一般被称为背表面场(BSF)层并且有助于改善太阳能电池的能量转化效率。
铝浆通过焙烧从干燥状态60转化为铝背电极61。同时,将背面银浆或银/铝浆70焙烧成银或银/铝背面电极71。在焙烧期间,背面铝电极与背面银或银/铝电极之间的边界呈现合金状态并且实现电连接。铝电极占背电极的大部分区域,这部分归因于需要形成p+层40。由于不可能对铝电极进行焊接,因此在背面的部分上形成了银背电极,作为用于通过铜带或类似物互连太阳能电池的电极。
此外,在焙烧期间,形成正面电极的浆料700转化为正面电极701,同样在图1H中示出。正面电极从而能够与n型扩散层20建立电接触。太阳能电池的转化效率和耐湿可靠性取决于正面电极与n型扩散层的电接触。据信,通过在本发明蚀刻组合物中使用盐获得的太阳能电池性能的改善是由于实现了良好电接触。
用于本文所述的方法和装置中的示例性半导体基板包括但不限于单晶硅、多晶硅和带状硅。半导体基板可掺入有磷和硼以形成p/n结。
半导体基板的尺寸(长度×宽度)和厚度可改变。例如,半导体基板的厚度为50-500μm;100-300μm;或140-200μm。半导体基板的长度和宽度均为100-250mm;125-200mm;或125-156mm。
通常,如上所述,减反射涂层在太阳能电池的正面形成。用于本文所述方法和装置中的示例性减反射涂层材料包括但不限于:氮化硅、氧化硅、氧化钛、SiNx:H、氢化非晶氮化硅和氧化硅/氧化钛膜。该涂层可以通过等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)、化学气相沉积(CVD)、热化学气相沉积或其他已知技术形成。在涂层为氮化硅的一个实施方案中,氮化硅膜能够通过低压化学气相沉积、等离子体增强化学气相沉积、热化学气相沉积或物理气相沉积(PVD)形成。在绝缘膜为氧化硅的一个实施方案中,氧化硅膜能够通过热氧化、热化学气相沉积、等离子化学气相沉积或物理气相沉积形成。
该蚀刻组合物可以通过多种方法(诸如丝网印刷、喷墨印刷、共挤出、注射器分配、直写和气溶胶喷墨印刷)施加到ARC上。
形成正面电极的浆料可以通过多种方法(诸如丝网印刷、喷墨印刷、共挤出、注射器分配、直写和气溶胶喷墨印刷)施加到暴露的n型扩散层表面上。在一个实施方案中,浆料组合物用于形成正面电极的导电指状物和母线。在这样一个实施方案中,导电指状物的线宽度为20-200μm。
涂覆在暴露的n型扩散层表面上的形成正面电极的浆料可以干燥(例如)0.5-10分钟,在此期间除去有机介质的挥发性部分。
通过加热到500℃至940℃之间的最大温度并保持1秒至2分钟的持续时间来焙烧形成干燥正面电极的浆料。在一个实施方案中,焙烧过程中达到的硅片最高温度在650℃至800℃的范围内,持续时间为1-10秒。在另一个实施方案中,由形成正面电极的浆料形成的电极在由氧气与氮气的混合气体构成的气氛中进行焙烧。在另一个实施方案中,由形成正面电极的浆料形成的电极在有机介质移除温度以上于不含氧气的惰性气氛中焙烧。通常,焙烧在带式炉中进行。在除去剩余有机介质期间温度范围介于500℃和700℃之间并且接着将此温度升高至860℃和940℃之间。焙烧电极可包括由焙烧和烧结过程所得的组分及组合物。例如,在ZnO为浆料组合物中的组分的一个实施方案中,焙烧电极可包括锌硅酸盐,例如硅锌矿(Zn2SiO4)和Zn1.7SiO4-x,其中x为0-1。
正如先前所建议,将其他导电和装置增强材料施加到半导体装置的背面并且与形成正面电极的浆料共烧。该材料充当电接触、钝化层和可软焊固定区域。作为另外一种选择,可以在焙烧形成正面电极的浆料之前或之后施加和焙烧这些材料。
在一个实施方案中,背面导电材料包括铝或铝和银。
实施例
在下列实施例中,所用的光伏晶片为156mm×156mm 65Ω/□多晶硅片(得自Q-Cells SE(Bitterfeld-Wolfen,Germany))或这些晶片的部分。这些晶片正面包含氮化硅减反射涂层。
实施例1
此实施例展示了盐在蚀刻减反射涂层中的效果。
使用溶液(溶解在碳酸亚丙酯中的75%的4-异丁基苯基-4′-甲基苯基碘六氟磷酸盐溶液,得自Ciba Specialty Chemicals,BASF),通过滴液移液管在2.5cm×2.5cm大小的光伏晶片上画上字母“P”。将晶片在80℃下干燥10分钟。该字母“P”具有底层氮化硅减反射涂层的蓝色。然后在Despatch 6区带式炉中以500-550-610-700-880-900℃的区温度以及220ipm的带速焙烧该晶片。字母“P”的蓝色变为硅的灰色,从而表明减反射涂层已经蚀刻掉并且硅得以暴露。
实施例2
将(得自Cytec Industries(Smyrna,GA)的苯基-对-辛氧基苯基-碘六氟锑酸盐)与2g得自VWR(Bridgeport,NJ)的异丙醇和0.2g PMMA/PMAA(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/聚甲基丙烯酸)共聚物溶液在得自Eastman Chemical Company(Kingsport,TN)的醇酯中混合。聚合物溶液包含42.5重量%PMMA(Mw=6700)和20重量%PMAA。将混合物手动搅拌5分钟。使用该混合物通过滴液移液管在2.5cm×2.5cm大小的光伏晶片上画上字母“V”。将晶片在80℃下干燥10分钟。该字母“V”具有底层氮化硅减反射涂层的蓝色。然后在Despatch 6区带式炉中以500-550-610-700-880-900℃的区温度以及220ipm的带速焙烧该晶片。字母“v”的蓝色变为硅的灰色,从而表明减反射涂层已经被蚀刻掉并且硅被暴露。
实施例3
将(得自Cytec Industries(Smyrna,GA)的苯基-对-辛氧基苯基-碘六氟锑酸盐)与20g得自VWR(Bridgeport,NJ)的异丙醇混合。将混合物手动搅拌2分钟。使用该混合物,通过滴液移液管在2.5cm×2.5cm大小的光伏晶片上画上字母“X”。将晶片在80℃下干燥10分钟。该字母“X”具有底层氮化硅减反射涂层的蓝色。然后在箱式炉中以350℃持续1小时焙烧晶片。字母“X”的蓝色变为硅的灰色,从而表明减反射涂层已经蚀刻掉并且硅得以暴露。
实施例4
此实施例展示了盐在蚀刻减反射涂层中的效果。
将溶液(溶解在碳酸亚丙酯中的75%的4-异丁基苯基-4′-甲基苯基碘六氟磷酸盐溶液,得自Ciba Specialty Chemicals,BASF)以图3所示图案丝网印刷到156mm×156mm硅晶片上。将晶片在80℃下干燥10分钟。丝网印刷图案具有底层氮化硅减反射涂层的蓝色。然后在Despatch 6区带式炉中以500-550-610-700-880-900℃的区温度以及220ipm的带速焙烧该晶片。丝网印刷图案的蓝色变为硅的灰色,从而表明减反射涂层已经蚀刻掉并且硅得以暴露。
通过化学分析用电子能谱学(ESCA)分析该样品。该图案点显示出较少氮或无氮,表明几乎完全或完全除去氮化硅ARC。
实施例5
将20g乙基纤维素N-22、80g得自Eastman Chemical Company(Kingsport,TN)的醇酯、和0.5g得自Elementis Specialties,Inc.(Highstown,NJ)的混合并且使用机械搅拌器在100℃下搅拌混合物1.5小时。所得为透明粘稠溶液。将该溶液冷却到60℃,然后添加10g(得自Cytec Industries(Smyrna,GA)的苯基-对-辛氧基苯基-碘六氟锑酸盐)并搅拌20分钟。
将上述溶液以图3所示图案丝网印刷到156mm×156mm硅晶片上。将晶片在80℃下干燥10分钟。丝网印刷图案具有底层氮化硅减反射涂层的蓝色。然后在Despatch 6区带式炉中以500-550-610-700-880-900℃的区温度以及220ipm的带速焙烧该晶片。丝网印刷图案的蓝色变为硅的灰色,从而表明减反射涂层已经蚀刻掉并且硅得以暴露。
实施例6
向溶液(溶解在碳酸亚丙酯中的75%的4-异丁基苯基-4′-甲基苯基碘六氟磷酸盐溶液,得自Ciba Specialty Chemicals,BASF)中加入0.5g光引发剂二苯甲酮。室温下用磁力搅拌棒搅拌该混合物10分钟。将该混合物以图3所示图案丝网印刷到156mm×156mm硅晶片上。将晶片在150℃下干燥10分钟。丝网印刷图案具有底层氮化硅减反射涂层的蓝色。
然后将该晶片暴露在600mJ/cm2剂量的紫外线下。暴露后将该晶片在150℃下烘烤10分钟。将电池置于冷水中保持1小时。然后将印刷的混合物从晶片上剥离,而使印刷图案保持硅的灰色,从而表明减反射涂层已经蚀刻掉并且硅被暴露。
实施例7
将2克得自Cabot(Boston,MA)的炭黑粉末、3克溶液(溶解在碳酸亚丙酯中的75%的4-异丁基苯基-4′-甲基苯基碘六氟磷酸盐溶液,得自Ciba Specialty Chemicals,BASF)和5克得自Eastman ChemicalCompany(Kingsport,TN)的醇酯混合。所得浆料用于在晶片上画上3线条并且将其在80℃下干燥10分钟,然后在Despatch 6区带式炉中以500-550-610-700-850-880℃区温度和220ipm带速进行焙烤。这3个从黑色变为硅的灰色,从而表明减反射涂层已经蚀刻掉并且硅暴露出来。所得线条具有更好的边缘清晰度,这是在蚀刻组合物中使用炭黑粉末的结果。
Claims (20)
3.根据权利要求1所述的蚀刻组合物,其中所述锍盐为三芳基锍盐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的蚀刻组合物,其中所述有机介质包含炭黑粉末。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,所述蚀刻组合物还包含光引发剂,从而所述蚀刻组合物是可紫外线固化的,并且其中所述固化通过将所述蚀刻组合物暴露于紫外光实现。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述固化通过将所述蚀刻组合物暴露于300℃至900℃的温度下实现。
9.根据权利要求5所述的方法,还包括以下步骤:
e)将形成正面电极的浆料沉积到所述扩散层的所述暴露表面上;以及
f)焙烧所述形成正面电极的浆料以形成所述正面电极。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,所述蚀刻组合物还包含光引发剂,从而所述蚀刻组合物是可紫外线固化的,并且其中所述固化通过将所述蚀刻组合物暴露于紫外光实现。
12.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述固化通过将所述蚀刻组合物暴露于300℃至900℃的温度下实现。
13.由权利要求5所述的方法制备的光伏电池。
14.由权利要求6所述的方法制备的光伏电池。
15.由权利要求7所述的方法制备的光伏电池。
16.由权利要求8所述的方法制备的光伏电池。
17.由权利要求9所述的方法制备的光伏电池。
18.由权利要求10所述的方法制备的光伏电池。
19.由权利要求11所述的方法制备的光伏电池。
20.由权利要求12所述的方法制备的光伏电池。
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US12/816,659 | 2010-06-16 | ||
US12/816,659 US20110308614A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2010-06-16 | Etching composition and its use in a method of making a photovoltaic cell |
PCT/US2011/040424 WO2011159749A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-06-15 | Etching composition and its use in a method of making a photovoltaic cell |
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EP (1) | EP2582771A1 (zh) |
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CN105038799A (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-11 | 王丽 | 一种对ito膜进行刻蚀的刻蚀液 |
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US10158032B2 (en) | 2012-10-12 | 2018-12-18 | Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG | Solar cells produced from high Ohmic wafers and halogen containing paste |
US9263601B2 (en) * | 2012-12-21 | 2016-02-16 | Sunpower Corporation | Enhanced adhesion of seed layer for solar cell conductive contact |
JP6924203B2 (ja) * | 2016-03-24 | 2021-08-25 | フエロ コーポレーション | 導電性ペースト、及び導電性トレースの形成方法 |
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US20020015826A1 (en) * | 2000-04-11 | 2002-02-07 | Darryl Desmarteau | Zwitterionic iodonium compounds and methods of application |
US6850263B2 (en) * | 2000-08-02 | 2005-02-01 | Sony Chemicals Corporation Of America | Methods of thermal transfer printing and thermal transfer printers |
CA2544209C (en) * | 2003-10-28 | 2011-10-18 | Sachem, Inc. | Cleaning solutions and etchants and methods for using same |
US20060172230A1 (en) * | 2005-02-02 | 2006-08-03 | Dsm Ip Assets B.V. | Method and composition for reducing waste in photo-imaging applications |
US7550071B1 (en) * | 2005-02-25 | 2009-06-23 | Sandia Corporation | Electrochemical assembly of organic molecules by the reduction of iodonium salts |
US7435361B2 (en) * | 2005-04-14 | 2008-10-14 | E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Conductive compositions and processes for use in the manufacture of semiconductor devices |
US7378455B2 (en) * | 2005-06-30 | 2008-05-27 | General Electric Company | Molding composition and method, and molded article |
JP2007254454A (ja) * | 2006-02-23 | 2007-10-04 | Fujifilm Corp | スルホニウム塩、硬化性組成物、インク組成物、インクジェット記録方法、印刷物、平版印刷版の製造方法、及び、平版印刷版 |
EP2191514A4 (en) * | 2007-08-31 | 2016-11-30 | Heraeus Precious Metals North America Conshohocken Llc | HISTORIZED CONTACT STRUCTURE FOR SOLAR CELLS |
JP5227119B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-03 | 2013-07-03 | ナミックス株式会社 | 光−熱併用型の潜在性硬化型エポキシ樹脂組成物 |
JP4793592B2 (ja) * | 2007-11-22 | 2011-10-12 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 金属酸化物含有膜形成用組成物、金属酸化物含有膜、金属酸化物含有膜形成基板及びこれを用いたパターン形成方法 |
US20100212735A1 (en) * | 2009-02-25 | 2010-08-26 | Pin-Sheng Wang | Solar cell and method for fabricating the same |
DE102009041546A1 (de) * | 2009-03-27 | 2010-10-14 | Bosch Solar Energy Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Solarzellen mit selektivem Emitter |
US8440904B2 (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2013-05-14 | Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Isobutylene-based elastomers in voltaic cell applications |
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2010
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- 2011-06-15 CN CN2011800270594A patent/CN102933690A/zh active Pending
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Cited By (2)
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CN105038799A (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-11 | 王丽 | 一种对ito膜进行刻蚀的刻蚀液 |
CN105038799B (zh) * | 2014-04-30 | 2017-12-12 | 盐城华星光电技术有限公司 | 一种对ito膜进行刻蚀的刻蚀液 |
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JP2013535108A (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
US8741167B1 (en) | 2014-06-03 |
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WO2011159749A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
US20110308614A1 (en) | 2011-12-22 |
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