CN102924020A - Piezoresistance/piezoelectric composite material, manufacturing method of material, sensor utilizing material and manufacturing method of sensor - Google Patents
Piezoresistance/piezoelectric composite material, manufacturing method of material, sensor utilizing material and manufacturing method of sensor Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a piezoresistance/piezoelectric material system and production and application methods of the piezoresistance/piezoelectric material system. The piezoresistance/piezoelectric composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of cement, 105-500 parts of micro/nano grade piezoelectric ceramic powder body, 10-30 parts of fly ash, 15-50 parts of water, 0.01-2 parts of super plasticizer, 0.1-10 parts of toughness fiber and 0.01-15 parts of conductive fillers. A sensor utilizing the piezoresistance/piezoelectric composite material comprises a piezoresistance/piezoelectric composite material layer, wherein the upper surface and the lower surface of the piezoresistance/piezoelectric composite material layer are respectively provided with one electrode, the piezoresistance/piezoelectric composite material layer and the electrodes are coated in a package shell, the upper electrode and the lower electrode are connected by an electromagnetic shielding wire passing through the package shell, and the sensor is arranged between a bracket and a support bridge deck unit or is embedded in the support bridge deck unit. The sensor utilizing the material, disclosed by the invention, has intrinsic structure toughness and synchronous monitoring capability of covering a whole-frequency-domain static/dynamic traffic and structure parameters.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the self energizing pressure drag that the Simultaneous Monitoring sensor of a kind of self energizing traffic and structural parameter uses/piezoelectricity combined type trans system and production application method thereof.
Background technology
In recent years, along with the fast development of national economy, China's vehicle population rapid growth, motorway, mistake river (over strait) bridge, overhead road of city/viaduct are constantly built.In case these transport structure accidents or structure are caved in, easily cause whole traffic system to be blocked up and loss of life and personal injury, and be difficult in a short time repair, cause the significant decline of traffic transport power, its loss is inestimable.Thereby, the transport structure of these hub region and key road segment is carried out traffic control and monitoring structural health conditions seem particularly necessary.Meanwhile, these transport structures (especially structures to form seam place) often are in micro breadth oscillation under Driving Loading, if corresponding mechanical vibrational energy can effectively be collected, and supply with to corresponding sensor monitoring network even two-side lighting system, significant in the current energy-conserving and environment-protective epoch.
Obtained significant progress in decades in the past as all kinds of cement based sensors good with transport structure specific acoustic resistance and matching compatibility, close service life, can say, the success of various transport structure Monitoring systemss is largely given the credit to these intelligence sensors accurate and stable bridge traffic and structured data is provided, such as accurate speed signal, trigger the information such as classified information, dynamic performance, displacement deformation and long-term feedback transport information statistic data etc.Be the technology of ZL02132967.2 such as China Patent No., the resistance pressure type sensor that the piezoresistive effect that utilizes the electric property of the cement matrix material of all kinds of conducting function components of admixture (carbon black, nickel powder, carbon fiber, carbon nanotube etc.) to change with external load/distortion forms is responsive to (standard) stationary singnal, and insensitive to the dynamic vibration signal, sensing accuracy is low.Be the technology of ZL201010523624.3 such as China Patent No., utilize cement matrix material or the direct electric density that encapsulates the bulk electrode two ends of PZT thin slice with resin concrete of the fine piezoelectric ceramics of admixture (PZT) powder to change the piezo-type sensor of (contrary) piezoelectric effect formation along with external load/distortion variation mainly to dynamic vibration signal sensitivity, insensitive to (standard) stationary singnal, exist intrinsic structure toughness lower, be vulnerable to the defectives such as impact of the physical environments such as concrete road surface shrinkage cracking, subgrade settlement.Simultaneously, do not relate to the inverse piezoelectric effect of utilizing corresponding piezo-type sensor to effective collection, storage and the various circuit energy supplying system of driving mechanical vibrational energy yet.
Summary of the invention
Technique effect of the present invention can overcome defects, a kind of pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material is provided, it combines (standard) static pressure inhibition effect and dynamic piezoelectric effect, and it is toughness reinforcing to be aided with the toughness fiber flexibility, and then provide a kind of and guaranteeing outside the characteristics such as, service life good with the concrete structure consistency be long, have simultaneously intrinsic structure toughness high, contain full frequency-domain quiet/the polynary performances such as dynamic traffic structure monitoring and vibration self energizing are in the intelligent composite of one.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: it comprises following component by weight ratio: 100 parts of cement, 105-500 part micro/nano level piezoelectric ceramic powder, 10-30 part flyash, 15-50 part water, 0.01-2 part superplasticizer, 0.1-10 part toughness fiber, 0.01-15 part conductive filler material.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of method for making of pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material, comprises the steps:
(1) micro/nano level piezoelectric ceramic powder preparation;
Micro/nano level Pb-based lanthanumdoped zirconate titanates or magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic powder can adopt any method well known to those skilled in the art to synthesize, such as sol-gel method, hydrothermal method or Sol-Hydrothermal composite algorithm.Wherein the sol-gel method preparation process is as follows: take plumbic acetate, tetrabutyl titanate, zirconium nitrate as raw material (guaranteeing that the atomic ratio of lead, zirconium, titanium in the proportioning raw materials is as 1:0.52-0.56:0.44-0.48), elder generation zirconium nitrate, tetrabutyl titanate are respectively in water-soluble, the ethylene glycol, then after 105-110 ℃ of lower heated and stirred 0.5-1 hour, successively add plumbic acetate, ethylene glycol, continuation is heated and backflow 1.5-3 hour at 105-110 ℃, can obtain piezoelectric ceramics colloidal sol, under 800-850 ℃, calcine 2-4 hour after the drying and get final product.
(2) make grinding aid with acetone, 100 parts of cement, 10-30 part are played flyash dry mixing ball milling 5-10 minute of lubricated and bridge linking effect between filler and matrix, then with the prepared piezoelectric ceramic powder ball milling of 105-500 part step (1) 10-20 minute, then successively add conductive filler material, toughness fiber, ball milling mixing 30-60 minute again;
(3) compound that step (2) is obtained further ultra-sonic dispersion in medium-acetone was processed 30-60 minute, and volatile dry gets mixed powder;
(4) in the mixed powder of step (3) gained, add the 15-50 part water that is dissolved with 0.01-2 part superplasticizer, adopt shaping method to suppress to be pressed into the factually sheet metal specimens of the shape and size of border demand behind the mixing;
5) step (4) gained sheet metal specimens is placed the cement steam curing box, maintenance is after three days under 45 ℃ of steam, the relative humidity RH100% condition, and dry and cleaning requirement is coated with the upper and lower surface of electrode;
(6) sheet metal specimens with step (5) gained is coated with top electrode, after the drying, under the room temperature condition, with high-voltage DC power supply polarization 1-12 hour, namely gets a kind of sensing element with pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material preparation after wearing out in the silicone oil bath.
In the above-mentioned sensing element, described electrode arrangement mode is all standing formula, grating, interdigital form or a kind of in the grid formula of intersecting; Electrode materials is a kind of in conductive silver glue electrode, silver electrode or the nickel electrode.
Water-base resin (with/or supporting waterborne curing agent) be join in being scattered in resin take water as the external phase medium with the form of particulate or drop the stable resin emulsion; can mix preferably use with cement-based material; in wet environment, cohere curing, the performances such as the closely knit water-repellancy of cement-based material, toughness after the raising sclerosis.The water-base resin concrete has good specific acoustic resistance and matching compatibility and working life with concrete material again as the existing good closely knit water-repellancy of packaging of the fiber grating sensors material.
Another object of the present invention provides a kind of sensor that adopts above-mentioned materials, comprise pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material layer, the upper and lower surface of pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material layer respectively arranges an electrode, pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material layer and electrode all are wrapped in the package casing, link to each other by the electromagnetic shielding wire that runs through package casing between two electrodes up and down.
Electrode arrangement mode is all standing formula or grating or interdigital form or the grid formula of intersecting.Electrode adopts conductive silver glue electrode or silver electrode or nickel electrode.
Package casing is a kind of fibre reinforced resin concrete that is mixed by the weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.3:0.4-0.8:0.4-0.6:0.01-0.1 by cement, flyash, water-base resin, waterborne curing agent, toughness fiber.
Above-mentioned pressure drag/piezoelectricity sensing element utilizes fibre reinforced resin concrete to be packaged into the preparation method of pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, may further comprise the steps: proportionally first toughness fiber is dispersed in the water-base resin by high-speed stirring, then add corresponding solidifying agent mixing, add again cement and flyash dry mix, stir; Pressure drag/piezoelectricity sensing element is fixed on (upper/lower electrode is drawn by the electromagnetic shielding wire in the mould, and connect shielded joint), then above-mentioned fibre reinforced resin concrete mixture is poured in the mould, before cement final set, mould moved to vacuumize de-bubble (with density and the insulating property of further raising packaged material) in the vacuum drying oven; Last use resin and corresponding solidifying agent mixed diluting liquid surface coverage maintenance to the 28 day length of time, namely get self energizing pressure drag of the present invention/piezoelectricity combined type trans.The large I of sensor is adjusted according to the actual requirements.
In above-mentioned self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, described cement is silicate cement, a kind of in ordinary Portland cement, the aluminosulfate cement.
In above-mentioned self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, described flyash is " flyash that is used for cement and concrete " (GB/T1596-2005) I level flyash of middle regulation.
In above-mentioned self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, described water is a kind of in commercially available distilled water, the deionized water.
In above-mentioned self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, described superplasticizer is the one or more combination in polycarboxylate high-efficiency water-reducing agent, aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent, Amino-sulfonic Acid-based Water-reducer, melamine resin series high-efficiency water-reducing agent, the naphthalene series high-efficiency water-reducing agent.
In above-mentioned self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, described toughness fiber is a kind of in polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polypropylene fibre, the polyimide fiber.
In above-mentioned self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, described conductive filler material is a kind of in micro/nano level carbon black, micro/nano level nickel powder, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, Graphene, graphene oxide grafting carbon fiber, the graphene oxide grafting carbon nanofiber or wherein several mixing.
In above-mentioned self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, described water-base resin is a kind of in aqueous epoxy resins, resol resins, water-based urea-formaldehyde resin, water-based melamine-formaldehyde resin, waterborne polyurethane resin, the water-soluble poly imide resin; Described waterborne curing agent is special curing agent corresponding to each water-base resin.
Above-mentioned self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans, also can under inverse piezoelectric effect, transform when vehicle is rolled the sensor by prisoner's energy/charge/discharge control circuit well known to those skilled in the art, and the moment electric energy and back feeding that effectively stores, the self energizing of realization collecting sensor signal system.
After self energizing pressure drag of the present invention/piezoelectricity combined type trans embeds or pastes in the transport structure system (be sensor setting between the bridge floor unit of bearing and support or be embedded in the bridge floor unit), interface and impedance matching are good, frequency response is high except having, weather resistance high, also have better intrinsic structure toughness and contain full frequency-domain quiet/the Simultaneous Monitoring ability of dynamic traffic and structural parameter, and can realize effective collection, storage and the various circuit energy supply of driving mechanical vibrational energy.Therefore, this self energizing combined type trans has a good application prospect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be embodiments of the invention 1 self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectric transducer quiet/the dynamic signal synchronous acquisition system;
Fig. 2 is sensor enlarged diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 be embodiments of the invention 2 self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectric transducers quiet/decoration form of dynamic signal synchronous acquisition system.
Among the figure: 1. pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material layer; 2. electrode; 3. package casing; 4. electromagnetic shielding wire; 5. bridge floor unit; 6. bearing; 7. dynamic signal acquisition system; 8.(accurate) the stationary singnal acquisition system.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, the self energizing pressure drag between the bridge floor unit 5 that bearing 6 of the present invention supports/piezoelectricity combined type trans system comprises sensing element, package casing and dynamic signal acquisition system 7, (standard) stationary singnal acquisition system 8.Described sensing element comprises pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material layer 1 and is positioned at the pair of electrodes 2 of pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material upper and lower surface, be coated with package casing 3 in the sensing element outside, the pair of electrodes on pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material links to each other by the electromagnetic shielding wire 4 that runs through package casing.Electromagnetic shielding wire 4 links to each other with the transducing signal acquisition processing system by shielded joint.
Used pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material preparation process is as follows:
(1) preparation of micro-/ nano piezoelectric ceramic powder
Measuring respectively 250g plumbic acetate, 130g tetrabutyl titanate, 120g zirconium nitrate is raw material, elder generation's zirconium nitrate, tetrabutyl titanate are dissolved in respectively in 500mL water, the 500mL ethylene glycol, then successively add plumbic acetate, 250mL ethylene glycol after 1 hour 105-110 ℃ of lower heated and stirred, continuation is heated and was refluxed 2 hours at 105-110 ℃, can obtain lead titanate piezoelectric ceramics colloidal sol, 820 ℃ of lower calcinings 3 hours, obtaining particle diameter was the 300-450nm piezoelectric ceramic powder after dry.
(2) the 500mL acetone of in planetary ball mill, packing into, with 100g label 425 aluminosulfate cements, 15g I level flyash dry mixing ball milling 5 minutes, then with the prepared piezoelectric ceramic powder ball milling of 150g step (1) 15 minutes, then successively add 1.0g outside diameter 20-40nm, the multi-walled carbon nano-tubes that length 5-15 μ m, CVD technique make, 1.5g the polyvinyl alcohol fiber of diameter 20 μ m, length 8mm, ball milling mixed 60 minutes again.
(3) compound that step (2) is obtained further ultra-sonic dispersion in medium-acetone was processed 45 minutes, and volatile dry gets mixed powder.
(4) add the 30g distilled water of the carboxylic acid polyetherester block copolymer series high-efficiency water-reducing agent MPEG that is dissolved with 0.5g in the mixed powder of step (3) gained, pack into behind the mixing in the stainless steel mould with poly tetrafluoroethylene, under 100MPa pressure, be pressed into Φ 30mm * 5mm disc type sheet metal specimens with universal testing machine.
(5) step (4) gained sheet metal specimens is placed cement steam curing box (45 ℃ of steam, relative humidity RH 100%) maintenance after 3 days, dry and cleaning requirement is coated with the upper and lower surface of electrode.
(6) sheet metal specimens of step (5) gained is coated the ag paste electrode of all standing formula, after the drying, under the room temperature condition, polarization 1 hour under the volts DS of 8kV/cm in the silicone oil bath.Disc type thin slice after the polarization is coated with tinfoil, move that baking 12h wears out to 60 ℃ of baking ovens.
Used package casing is a kind of fibre reinforced resin concrete that is got by the weight ratio mixing of 1:0.15:0.4:0.6:0.05 by cement, flyash, water-base resin, waterborne curing agent, toughness fiber.The package casing preparation process is as follows: proportionally first the polyvinyl alcohol fiber of 1.0g diameter 10-20 μ m, length 8mm is dispersed in the 8g water-based glycidyl ether based epoxy resin by high-speed stirring, then add 12g water-based trolamine solidifying agent mixing, add again 20g label 425 aluminosulfate cements and 3g I level flyash dry mix, stir; Pressure drag/piezoelectricity sensing element is fixed on (upper/lower electrode is drawn by shielded conductor in the stainless steel mould with poly tetrafluoroethylene, and connect shielded joint), then above-mentioned fibre reinforced resin concrete mixture is poured in the mould, and mould moved to vacuumize 30 minutes in the vacuum drying oven; Last use glycidyl ether based epoxy resin/water-based trolamine solidifying agent mixes 5 times of diluent surface coverage maintenance to 28 day length of time, namely gets self energizing pressure drag of the present invention/piezoelectricity combined type trans.As shown in Figure 1, sensor setting is between freely-supported bridge floor unit 5 and bearing 6.
The fracture toughness of surveying resulting carbon nano-tube/poly vinyl alcohol fiber/lead zirconate titanate/cement base pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans with ASTM C1018 toughness index method, LCR digital electric bridge, quasistatic survey meter, electric impedance analyzer is 1.037MPa/m
-1/2, DC resistivity is that 14.9k Ω .cm, piezoelectric constant are that 76.2pC/N, dielectric loss are 0.41, electromechanical coupling factor is 12.8%.
In traffic engineering structural load frequency (0.1-50Hz) scope, for Loading frequency less than 1Hz's, generally can think static or quasi-static load, such as expressway access charge station, weighbridge, parking area monitoring etc., at this moment by uneven output voltage (the Δ U on a pair of linea angulata of (standard) stationary singnal acquisition system 8 electric bridges two ends of test lead connection
12) (as shown in Figure 1), acquisition has the electricity of the self energizing pressure drag of similar resistance/piezoelectricity combined type trans system and leads characteristic change parameter, the noise signal rejecting technology that causes by environmental factors well-known to those skilled in the art more just can realize the accurate extraction of corresponding quasistatic traffic and structural parameter; And for the dynamic loads (comprise loop cycle, pulse, random load form) of frequency greater than 1Hz, such as motorway, the structural stress of striding vehicle identification, the speed of a motor vehicle, vehicle flowrate and the corresponding generation of fast running vehicle on the bridge of river (sea), the detection of distortion etc.In order effectively to measure the faint quantity of electric charge that the self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans system piezoelectric effect produces, and prevent charge leakage, at this moment can be connected to the 7(of dynamic signal acquisition system by shielded joint and comprise preposition charge/voltage amplifier, the A/D analog to digital converter, bandpass filter, voltage amplifier and storage/indicating meter etc.) (as shown in Figure 1), test the piezoelectric parameter changing conditions to the Dynamic Signal sensitivity of self energizing pressure drag of the present invention/piezoelectricity combined type trans system, realize again the accurate extraction of corresponding dynamic sensing signal by sensing well-known to those skilled in the art and noise signal rejecting technology.
Power supply in quiet/dynamic signal acquisition system 7,8 can will be when the Traffic monitoring intermittent phase, vehicle rolled the sensor transform under inverse piezoelectric effect and then effectively store by prisoner's energy/charge/discharge control circuit moment electric energy and back feeding, the self energizing of realization Monitoring systems.
The present invention also provides the application of this self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans system: installation position, mode and quantity.Concrete grammar is: calculate vehicle number with the peak value number in pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans Dynamic Signal, calculate car weight/vehicle with the response sum of sensor, and calculate the speed of a motor vehicle with the time difference of the parallel sensor response of the twice that keep at a certain distance away; Load front and back amplitude size divided by the area computed stress with sensor (standard) stationary singnal, calculate pressure (drawing) strain with (bearing) amplitude divided by Young's modulus, characterize corresponding construction when surpassing concrete anti-compression (tension) the intensity limit with sensor response (bearing) amplitude and occur to damage or the crack.And then realize under the exposed environments at traffic parameter (such as vehicle flowrate, the speed of a motor vehicle, vehicle and car weight etc.) and structural parameter under the different traffics, under the different driving load form (axial stress, draw/compressive strain, flexural strain, crack and damage etc.) in real time detection and lesion assessment.
Certainly, self energizing pressure drag of the present invention/piezoelectricity combined type trans system also can be embedded in the two ends (the respective steel Concrete Beam Reinforced can adopt method arrangement of reinforcement well known to those skilled in the art and concrete placement) of reinforced beam fully, in order to measure more accurately the speed of a motor vehicle of car.
As shown in Figure 3, sensing system is embedded in 5 inside, cantilever bridge floor unit.
The other the same as in Example 1.
Self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans preparation process and structure are with embodiment 1.Different is: used cement is the P.O.42.5R ordinary Portland cement, the micro/nano level piezoelectric ceramic powder is that hydrothermal method makes the PZT powder that particle diameter is 400-1100nm, conductive filler material is for using diameter 500nm graphene oxide grafting diameter 60-100nm, the carbon nanofiber of length 6-30 μ m, toughness fiber is the polyimide fiber of diameter 5-20 μ m, length 8mm, water-base resin and corresponding solidifying agent are resol resins and supporting waterborne curing agent, superplasticizer is naphthalene sulfonic salt formaldehyde condensation system FDN, and electrode used therein is the silver electrode of grating.
The fracture toughness of surveying resulting graphene oxide grafting carbon nanofiber/polyimide fiber/lead zirconate titanate/cement base pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans with ASTM C1018 toughness index method, LCR digital electric bridge, quasistatic survey meter, electric impedance analyzer is 0.914MPa/m
-1/2, DC resistivity is that 23.7k Ω .cm, piezoelectric constant are that 55.8pC/N, dielectric loss are 0.40, electromechanical coupling factor is 11.6%.
Embodiment 4
Self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans preparation process and structure are with embodiment 1.Different is: the micro/nano level piezoelectric ceramic powder is that the Sol-Hydrothermal legal system gets the magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate ceramic powder that particle diameter is 300-600nm, conductive filler material is-200 order micron order carbonyl nickel powders, toughness fiber is the polypropylene fibre of diameter 50 μ m, length 10mm, water-base resin and corresponding solidifying agent are water-based melamine-formaldehyde resin and supporting waterborne curing agent, superplasticizer is that sulfonated melamine compound resin is SMF, and electrode used therein is the nickel electrode of intersection grating.
The fracture toughness of surveying resulting nickel powder/polypropylene fibre/magnesium niobium lead zirconate titanate/cement based pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans with ASTM C1018 toughness index method, LCR digital electric bridge, quasistatic survey meter, electric impedance analyzer is 0.891MPa/m
-1/2, DC resistivity is that 21.3k Ω .cm, piezoelectric constant are that 51.6pC/N, dielectric loss are 0.43, electromechanical coupling factor is 14.7%.
Embodiment 5
Self energizing pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans preparation process and structure are with embodiment 1.Different is: used cement is P I type 425 silicate cements, and conductive filler material is the nano grade carbon black of 60-80nm, and toughness fiber is the polypropylene fibre of diameter 50 μ m, length 10mm.
The fracture toughness of surveying resulting carbon black/polypropylene fibre/lead zirconate titanate/cement base pressure drag/piezoelectricity combined type trans with ASTM C1018 toughness index method, LCR digital electric bridge, quasistatic survey meter, electric impedance analyzer is 0.924MPa/m
-1/2, DC resistivity is that 13.7k Ω .cm, piezoelectric constant are that 40.5pC/N, dielectric loss are 0.39, electromechanical coupling factor is 12.6%.
Claims (9)
1. pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material, it is characterized in that, comprise following component by weight ratio: 100 parts of cement, 105-500 part micro/nano level piezoelectric ceramic powder, 10-30 part flyash, 15-50 part water, 0.01-2 part superplasticizer, 0.1-10 part toughness fiber, 0.01-15 part conductive filler material.
2. pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cement is silicate cement or ordinary Portland cement or aluminosulfate cement; Described flyash is I level flyash; Described water is distilled water or deionized water; Described superplasticizer is the one or more combination in polycarboxylate high-efficiency water-reducing agent, aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent, Amino-sulfonic Acid-based Water-reducer, melamine resin series high-efficiency water-reducing agent, the naphthalene series high-efficiency water-reducing agent; Described toughness fiber is polyvinyl alcohol fiber or polypropylene fibre or polyimide fiber; Described conductive filler material is a kind of in micro/nano level carbon black, micro/nano level nickel powder, carbon fiber, carbon nanofiber, carbon nanotube, Graphene, graphene oxide grafting carbon fiber, the graphene oxide grafting carbon nanofiber or wherein several mixing.
3. the method for making of a pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
(1) micro/nano level piezoelectric ceramic powder preparation;
(2) make grinding aid with acetone, 100 parts of cement, 10-30 part are played flyash dry mixing ball milling 5-10 minute of lubricated and bridge linking effect between filler and matrix, then with the prepared piezoelectric ceramic powder ball milling of 105-500 part step (1) 10-20 minute, then successively add conductive filler material, toughness fiber, the soft mixing of ball milling is 30-60 minute again;
(3) compound that step (2) is obtained further ultra-sonic dispersion in medium-acetone was processed 30-60 minute, and volatile dry gets mixed powder;
(4) in the mixed powder of step (3) gained, add the 15-50 part water that is dissolved with 0.01-2 part superplasticizer, adopt shaping method to suppress to be pressed into the sheet metal specimens of the shape and size of actual demand behind the mixing;
(5) step (4) gained sheet metal specimens is placed the cement steam curing box, maintenance is after three days under 45 ℃ of steam, the relative humidity RH100% condition, and dry and cleaning requirement is coated with the upper and lower surface of electrode;
(6) sheet metal specimens with step (5) gained is coated with top electrode, after the drying, under the room temperature condition, with high-voltage DC power supply polarization 1-12 hour, namely gets a kind of sensing element with pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material preparation after wearing out in the silicone oil bath.
4. sensor that adopts the described material of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material layer (1), the upper and lower surface of pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material layer (1) respectively arranges an electrode (2), pressure drag/piezo-electricity composite material layer (1) and electrode (2) all are wrapped in the package casing (3), the electromagnetic shielding wire (4) by running through package casing links to each other between two electrodes up and down, and sensor setting is between the bridge floor unit (5) of bearing (6) and support or be embedded in the bridge floor unit (5).
5. sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that, electrode arrangement mode is all standing formula or grating or interdigital form or the grid formula of intersecting.
6. sensor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, package casing (3) is a kind of fibre reinforced resin concrete that is mixed by the weight ratio of 1:0.1-0.3:0.4-0.8:0.4-0.6:_0.01-0.1 by cement, flyash, water-base resin, waterborne curing agent, toughness fiber.
7. sensor according to claim 6 is characterized in that, described cement is silicate cement or ordinary Portland cement or aluminosulfate cement; Described flyash is I level flyash; Described water-base resin is aqueous epoxy resins or resol resins or water-based urea-formaldehyde resin or water-based melamine-formaldehyde resin or waterborne polyurethane resin or water-soluble poly imide resin; Described waterborne curing agent is special curing agent corresponding to each water-base resin; Described toughness fiber is polyvinyl alcohol fiber or polypropylene fibre or polyimide fiber.
8. sensor according to claim 4 is characterized in that, electrode (2) adopts conductive silver glue electrode or silver electrode or nickel electrode.
9. the method for making of the described sensor of claim 4-8, it is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps: proportionally first toughness fiber is dispersed in the water-base resin by high-speed stirring, then adds corresponding solidifying agent mixing, add again cement and flyash dry mix, stir; Pressure drag/piezoelectricity sensing element is fixed in the mould, then above-mentioned fibre reinforced resin concrete mixture is poured in the mould, before cement final set, mould moved to vacuumize de-bubble in the vacuum drying oven; Last use resin and corresponding solidifying agent mixed diluting liquid surface coverage maintenance to the 28 day length of time.
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