CN113149526A - Composite cement-based material and composite cement-based material sensor - Google Patents

Composite cement-based material and composite cement-based material sensor Download PDF

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CN113149526A
CN113149526A CN202110405290.8A CN202110405290A CN113149526A CN 113149526 A CN113149526 A CN 113149526A CN 202110405290 A CN202110405290 A CN 202110405290A CN 113149526 A CN113149526 A CN 113149526A
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cement
based material
carbon
carbon fiber
grafted
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CN113149526B (en
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刘小艳
江波
揭汉铎
余瑾瑶
刘彦琦
刘力
李世杰
姜可伟
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Hohai University HHU
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B14/00Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
    • C04B14/38Fibrous materials; Whiskers
    • C04B14/386Carbon
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B20/00Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
    • C04B20/02Treatment
    • C04B20/023Chemical treatment
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/45Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
    • C04B41/50Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
    • C04B41/5025Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with ceramic materials
    • C04B41/5045Rare-earth oxides
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B41/00After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
    • C04B41/60After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
    • C04B41/61Coating or impregnation
    • C04B41/65Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01DMEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D5/00Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D5/12Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite cement-based material and a composite cement-based material sensor. The composite cement-based material sensor comprises the composite cement-based material and a conductive antirust piece arranged on the surface of the composite cement-based material, wherein an epoxy resin coating layer is arranged on the conductive antirust piece, and a heat insulation board is arranged on the outer side of the epoxy resin coating layer. The carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nanotube has better dispersibility in a cement matrix and stronger interface bonding capability with the cement matrix. The composite cement-based material sensor has a simple structure, is sensitive in monitoring, can be suitable for mass concrete in various environments, and can accurately monitor the stress condition inside the concrete so as to judge the damage degree and the corrosion condition of the concrete.

Description

Composite cement-based material and composite cement-based material sensor
Technical Field
The invention relates to a cement-based material and a sensor, in particular to a composite cement-based material and a composite cement-based material sensor.
Background
With the progress and development of society, the application range of concrete in the building field is wider and wider. As a building material, the concrete has various advantages, such as sufficient raw materials, low cost, convenient construction and the like, and meanwhile, the concrete has better functionality, and has the characteristics of high compressive strength, large elastic modulus, high temperature resistance and the like. However, as can be known from a great deal of engineering practice, most of concrete is in a damaged state in the service process, mainly because the external and internal structures of the concrete are damaged to different degrees by complex factors in the use environment, so that the concrete is carbonized and a protective layer is peeled off, the durability of the concrete is reduced, and the life safety of people may be seriously damaged, so that the reliability analysis and the service life prediction of the concrete material are particularly important.
In actual engineering, the monitoring system can effectively evaluate the reliability and the safety of super high-rise buildings, large-span bridges and large-span space structures. The monitoring system can feed back the stress and strain conditions of key parts of the engineering structure in real time, can also receive the dynamic characteristics of the whole engineering structure, and can timely pre-warn danger signals and avoid property loss and casualties. Currently, the commonly used monitoring techniques are: resistance strain sensing monitoring, optical fiber sensing monitoring, piezoelectric ceramic sensing monitoring and the like. Resistance strain sensing monitoring belongs to point type monitoring, strain gauges are required to be arranged at measuring point positions, if the size of a monitored object is too large, the number of the arranged strain gauges needs to be increased, lead wires connected with the strain gauges become more, and finally, the testing resistance is larger, and the monitoring result is influenced. In addition, the resistance strain gauge is sensitive to the temperature change of the surrounding environment, the layout process is complicated, and the service life is short, so that the resistance strain gauge is difficult to be used in a large range in engineering. The optical fiber sensing monitoring technology mainly uses light as a carrier of information to transmit information. The optical fiber sensing can monitor the change of various parameters, and has the advantages of strong anti-electromagnetic interference capability, wide dynamic range of working frequency band, small volume, light weight and strong radiation resistance, however, the optical fiber sensing detection technology also has defects, such as large using amount of equipment with limited sensitivity and high production cost, and is difficult to realize industrialized and commercialized development. The piezoelectric ceramic sensing monitoring technology has the advantages of high response speed and high linear correlation, and most piezoelectric materials have low energy consumption and low cost and are easy to machine and form, so that the piezoelectric ceramic sensing monitoring technology can be used as a basic element to be incorporated into a structural health monitoring system. However, when the piezoelectric ceramic sensing monitoring technology is applied to concrete, compatibility problems need to be considered.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide a composite cement-based material with good carbon fiber dispersibility and strong bonding capability with a cement interface.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a composite cement-based material sensor capable of sensitively monitoring the internal damage condition of concrete.
The technical scheme is as follows: the composite cement-based material comprises cement mortar, wherein the cement mortar is doped with a carbon fiber material grafted with carbon nanotubes.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon fiber of the grafted carbon nanotube to the cement mortar is 0.2-0.6%.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon nanotubes to the carbon fibers is 4: 1-6: 1.
Preferably, it is prepared by the following method: and directionally injecting the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nano tube into the cement mortar during molding.
Preferably, the carbon fiber grafted with carbon nanotubes is prepared by the following method:
(1) respectively carrying out acidizing treatment on the carbon nano tube and the carbon fiber by using mixed acid, then respectively diluting to be neutral, and drying for later use;
(2) and weighing the dried carbon nano tube and the carbon fiber, adding the carbon nano tube and the carbon fiber into a reaction kettle, adding a surfactant, putting the reaction kettle into a vacuum drying oven for heating, and then cleaning and drying to obtain the carbon fiber material grafted with the carbon nano tube.
Preferably, in the preparation method of the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nanotube, the heating temperature is 180-200 ℃ and the time is 48-50 h.
A composite cement-based material sensor comprises the composite cement-based material as claimed in claim 1, and a conductive antirust piece arranged on the surface of the composite cement-based material, wherein an epoxy resin coating layer is arranged on the conductive antirust piece, and a heat insulation board is arranged on the outer side of the epoxy resin coating layer.
Preferably, the epoxy resin layer is doped with a cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material.
Preferably, the doping amount of the cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is 0.5-0.7% of the mass of the epoxy resin.
Preferably, the thickness of the epoxy resin layer is 5-7 mm.
After the carbon nano tube is grafted on the surface of the carbon fiber, the problem that the carbon nano tube is not easy to disperse in a cement base is solved, and the interface bonding capability of the carbon fiber and the cement base is enhanced. Compared with the cement-based composite material doped with the carbon fiber, the modified cement-based composite material doped with the carbon fiber has better conductivity and force sensitivity, and the mechanical property and the durability are improved to a certain degree.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable effects: 1. the carbon nano tube has better dispersibility in the cement base and stronger interface bonding capability with the cement base. 2. The composite cement-based material sensor is sensitive in monitoring, can be suitable for mass concrete in various environments, and can accurately monitor the stress condition inside the concrete so as to judge the damage degree and the corrosion condition of the concrete; 3. the structure is simple; 4. the method can also be used for coastal storm grade detection and overweight and overspeed conditions of road automobiles.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of pressure sensitive performance of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph of pressure-sensitive performance of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of pressure-sensitive performance of example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of pressure-sensitive performance of a cement-based composite material singly doped with 0.2% of carbon fiber;
FIG. 5 is a graph of pressure-sensitive performance of a cement-based composite material singly doped with 0.4% of carbon fiber;
FIG. 6 is a graph of pressure-sensitive performance of a cement-based composite material singly doped with 0.6% of carbon fiber;
FIG. 7 is a graph of pressure-sensitive performance of a cement-based composite material doped with carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings.
Example 1
(1) Weighing 0.1g of multi-walled carbon nanotube MWCNT, respectively weighing 75mL of concentrated nitric acid with the mass fraction of 98% and 25mL of concentrated sulfuric acid with the mass fraction of 68%, preparing a mixed acid solution in a beaker according to the volume ratio of the concentrated nitric acid to the concentrated sulfuric acid of 3:1, adding the obtained mixed acid into a flat-bottomed flask containing the carbon nanotube, carrying out continuous pulse ultrasonic dispersion on the flask for 15min under the condition of 600w by using an ultrasonic disperser, then putting the dispersed carbon nanotube into a magnetic stirrer, carrying out acid oxidation treatment for 8h at 80 ℃, adding deionized water into the flat-bottomed flask after the acid oxidation treatment is finished, diluting the acid solution, carrying out vacuum reduced pressure filtration by using a microporous filter membrane, recovering the acid-oxidized carbon nanotube by using an evaporation dish, and repeatedly cleaning by using deionized water until the pH value of filtrate is 7.
(2) Weighing 1g of carbon fiber, adding the carbon fiber into a round-bottom flask, adding 150ml of mixed acid with the volume ratio of concentrated nitric acid to concentrated sulfuric acid being 3:1 into the flask, reacting the carbon fiber T300 with the mixed acid for 8 hours at room temperature, cleaning the carbon fiber with deionized water after the reaction is finished until the deionized water is neutral after the cleaning, and storing the carbon fiber T300 subjected to acid oxidation treatment for later use after vacuum drying for 24 hours at 100 ℃.
(3) 0.06g of acid-oxidized carbon nanotube was weighed and placed in a 100mL hydrothermal kettle, and then the ratio of carbon nanotube: and DMF is 1(g) and 1000(mL), 60g of DMF is added into a hydrothermal kettle, 10mL of ethylenediamine is added into the hydrothermal kettle, the solution is subjected to ultrasonic dispersion for 1h, 0.015g of carbon fiber is added into a reaction kettle, ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15min, finally the reaction kettle is placed into an oven to react for 50h at 180 ℃, the carbon fiber is taken out and subjected to ultrasonic dispersion in ethanol for 15min, carbon nanotubes and ethylenediamine solution and the like remaining on the surface are filtered and removed, the carbon nanotube and the ethylenediamine solution and the like are placed into the oven at 80 ℃ to be dried, and the mixture is placed in a drying place for later use.
(4) Methyl cellulose is used as a dispersing agent of the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nano tube, and the mass ratio of the methyl cellulose to the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nano tube is 1: 1. The speed of dissolving methyl cellulose in water can be effectively accelerated by raising the temperature, so that the water is heated to about 40 ℃, then the methyl cellulose is dissolved in the water, the mixture is continuously stirred, then the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nano tube is added, the mixture is placed in a magnetic stirrer to be stirred for 15min, after the dispersion is finished, the dispersed carbon fiber dispersion liquid grafted with the carbon nano tube is placed in a wide-mouth bottle and is placed in a cool place to be stored for later use.
(5) And (3) finishing dispersing the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nano tube, and then weighing cement and a defoaming agent, wherein the mass of the defoaming agent is 0.13% of the mass of the cement, the test water cement ratio is 0.4, and the mass of the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nano tube is 0.4% of the mass of the cement. Wetting a stirring pot and a stirrer by using a wet cleaning cloth, pouring cement into the stirring pot, pouring carbon fiber dispersion liquid grafted with carbon nanotubes into the stirring pot, slowly stirring for 2min, stopping stirring for 15s, quickly stirring for 2min, putting into a 70mm multiplied by 70mm triple die mould, slightly vibrating for about 10 times until the carbon fiber dispersion liquid is compact and smooth, inserting 4 stainless steel nets with the same size into a cement grinding tool at equal intervals, slightly vibrating, putting into a standard curing box, curing for 24h, and then removing the die for natural curing.
(6) After the cement-based test block is demoulded and subjected to standard maintenance for 28 days, epoxy resin is coated on the surface of the test block until the surface of the test block is completely covered, a cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is doped in an epoxy resin layer, wherein the cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is prepared according to the method of CN102716734A, the doping amount of the cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is 0.6% of the mass of the epoxy resin, and a coating thickness gauge is used for measuring an epoxy resin coating layer to ensure that the thickness of the epoxy resin coating layer is 6 mm.
(7) 24 hours after the epoxy resin coating is finished, wrapping the test piece with an XPS extruded sheet with the thickness of 100mm, and fixing the test piece by surrounding the test piece with an adhesive tape.
Example 2
The basic steps are the same as example 1, except that in step (3), 0.012g of carbon fiber is added into a reaction kettle, and the reaction kettle is placed into an oven to react for 48 hours at 200 ℃; in the step (5), the mass of the carbon fiber of the grafted carbon nano tube is 0.2 percent of that of the cement; in the step (6), the doping amount of the cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is 0.5% of the mass of the epoxy resin, and the thickness of the cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is 5 mm.
Example 3
The basic steps are the same as example 1, except that in step (3), 0.01g of carbon fiber is added into a reaction kettle, and the reaction kettle is placed into an oven to react for 49 hours at 190 ℃; in the step (5), the mass of the carbon fiber of the grafted carbon nano tube is 0.6 percent of that of the cement; in the step (6), the doping amount of the cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is 0.7% of the mass of the epoxy resin, and the thickness of the cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is 7 mm.
Example 4
The basic procedure is the same as example 1, except that in step (3), the mass of the carbon nano tube is 0.013g, the reaction kettle is placed into an oven to react for 48.5h at 195 ℃; in the step (5), the mass of the carbon fiber of the grafted carbon nano tube is 0.5 percent of the mass of the cement.
Example 5
The basic procedure is the same as in example 1, except that in step (3), the reaction vessel is placed in an oven to react for 49.5h at 185 ℃; in the step (5), the mass of the carbon fiber of the grafted carbon nano tube is 0.3 percent of the mass of the cement.
The samples of examples 1, 2 and 3 were tested for their smart properties using a multimeter and a universal tester, and the data are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. The doping of the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nanotube in fig. 1, 2 and 3 has a great improvement on the pressure-sensitive performance of the cement-based material, the curve trend is stable, the individual points show saw-toothed change, but the whole trend has repeatability, the pressure-sensitive curve is unstable in the first cyclic load change process, and the later cycles are gradually stable, which shows that the doping of the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nanotube is helpful for improving the pressure-sensitive performance of the cement-based material. With the increase of the doping amount of the carbon fiber of the grafted carbon nanotube, the pressure-sensitive performance of the cement-based composite material is gradually improved, and in the figure 1, the pressure-sensitive characteristic of 0.4 percent is optimal, the curve is smoother, and the pressure-sensitive performance is more stable.
Meanwhile, for comparison, the cement-based composite material singly doped with carbon fiber is tested under the same conditions, and the data are shown in fig. 4, 5 and 6; the cement-based composite material incorporating both carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes was tested under the same conditions and the data is shown in figure 7. The smart performance of the single carbon fiber cement-based composite material in fig. 4, 5 and 6 is very poor, and fig. 7 shows the best smart performance ratio obtained by doping the carbon nanotubes and the carbon fibers, wherein the smart performance ratio is 0.5% of the carbon nanotubes and 0.4% of the carbon fibers, and the result is obviously inferior to that of the carbon fiber cement-based composite material doped with the grafted carbon nanotubes in fig. 1, 2 and 3.

Claims (10)

1. The composite cement-based material comprises cement mortar, and is characterized in that a carbon fiber material grafted with carbon nanotubes is doped in the cement mortar.
2. The blended cement-based material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon fiber of the grafted carbon nanotube to the cement mortar is 0.2-0.6%.
3. The composite cement-based material according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon nanotubes to the carbon fibers is 4: 1-6: 1.
4. The blended cementitious mixture of claim 1, produced by a method comprising: and directionally injecting the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nano tube into the cement mortar during molding.
5. The blended cementitious mixture of claim 1, wherein the carbon fiber grafted with carbon nanotubes is prepared by:
(1) respectively carrying out acidizing treatment on the carbon nano tube and the carbon fiber by using mixed acid, then respectively diluting to be neutral, and drying for later use;
(2) and weighing the dried carbon nano tube and the carbon fiber, adding the carbon nano tube and the carbon fiber into a reaction kettle, adding a surfactant, putting the reaction kettle into a vacuum drying oven for heating, and then cleaning and drying to obtain the carbon fiber material grafted with the carbon nano tube.
6. The blended cement-based material according to claim 5, wherein the carbon fiber grafted with the carbon nanotubes is prepared by heating at 180-200 ℃ for 48-50 h.
7. The sensor is characterized by comprising the compound cement-based material as claimed in claim 1, and a conductive antirust piece arranged on the surface of the compound cement-based material, wherein an epoxy resin coating layer is arranged on the conductive antirust piece, and a heat insulation board is arranged outside the epoxy resin coating layer.
8. The composite cement-based material sensor of claim 7, wherein a cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite is incorporated within the epoxy resin layer.
9. The composite cement-based material sensor as claimed in claim 7, wherein the amount of the cerium oxide-graphene oxide composite material is 0.5-0.7% by mass of the epoxy resin.
10. The blended cement-based material sensor as recited in claim 7, wherein the epoxy layer is 5-7 mm thick.
CN202110405290.8A 2020-08-10 2021-04-15 Composite cement-based material and composite cement-based material sensor Active CN113149526B (en)

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CN113213823B (en) * 2021-04-26 2022-08-09 哈尔滨工业大学 Magnetic cement mortar damage detection sensor and manufacturing method and application thereof
CN114276075A (en) * 2021-07-26 2022-04-05 山西黄河前沿新材料研究院有限公司 Multi-scale fiber composite reinforced gangue ceramsite concrete and preparation method thereof
CN114350188B (en) * 2021-12-14 2023-01-03 青岛理工大学 Energy storage protection type cement-based micro-variation monitoring coating for existing building strain monitoring and cement-based sensor
CN114394854B (en) * 2022-01-18 2023-03-24 辽宁航安型芯科技股份有限公司 Method for preparing silicon-based ceramic core isolation coating based on waste evaporation boat
CN115677294B (en) * 2022-11-09 2023-09-26 深圳市恒星建材有限公司 Light high-strength concrete and preparation method thereof

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