CN102506692B - Cement-based intelligent composite material strain sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Cement-based intelligent composite material strain sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cement-based intelligent composite material strain sensor, which comprises a carbon-fiber cement-based intrinsic intelligent composite material and four parallel electrodes arranged on the composite material, wherein the electrodes are high-purity copper meshes; the pore diameter of the high-purity copper meshes is larger than 2mm; and the main ingredients of the composite material are PAN-based short-cut carbon fiber and silicate cement, and the electrodes are combined together with the carbon-fiber cement-based intrinsic intelligent composite material by an embedding process. The cement-based intelligent composite material strain sensor has the characteristics of high sensitivity coefficient, high voltage-sensitive characteristic linearity and excellent mechanical property; and the preparation process adopts a drying and mixing process, so that the problems that due to use of cellulose, the strength of the sensor is reduced and the electric performance of the sensor becomes poor are avoided and no phenomenon of fiber agglomeration occurs.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sensor technical field, particularly relate to a kind of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer and preparation method thereof, this strain transducer is for civil engineering work xoncrete structure strain monitoring.
Background technology
At present in civil engineering structure, be widely used resistance strain gage and monitor the strain of xoncrete structure, ripe, reliable and stable advantage possesses skills, but sensitivity of strain gauge is only 2-3, permanance is very poor, and mounting process is complicated, cost is higher, cannot meet the technical need to the life-cycle long term monitoring of important civil engineering structure to people.And that cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer has sensitivity coefficient is high, fabulous permanance, advantage with low cost, and installation technics and data acquisition are simple, be the important means of the important civil engineering work xoncrete structure long term monitoring such as Longspan Bridge, water conservancy dykes and dams, high-rise building and the main direction of strain transducer development.
Cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer preparation technology's is immature at present, comprehensive mechanical property is poor, and the higher defect of fragility, be still and cause the main cause that sensor bulk Stability of Resistivity is poor, the pressure-sensitive character linearity is not high, having a strong impact on the application and development of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer.Adopt various processes to prepare cement based intelligent composite strain transducer for xoncrete structure monitoring, avoid the poor and resistivity fluctuation of strain transducer-resistivity linear dependence of causing due to material property or preparation method's reason, improve sensitivity coefficient and the Stability of Resistivity of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, become one of key content of current cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer preparing technical field research.
The Chinese patent of document 1 " patent No. is ZL 02132967.2 " discloses a kind of clever concrete sensor component.This sensing element forms the test block of electrode by having 1-2, and test block material is comprised of carbon fiber and cement-based material, and sensor construction is simple, and tension and compressive stress are all had to strain sensitivity.But this sensing element resistivity and stress in elastic range present nonlinear correspondence relation, and the variation relation of its strain and resistivity do not provide yet, the measurement accuracy while affecting this sensing element as concrete strain sensor.
The Chinese patent of document 2 " application number is 200510031313.4 " discloses a kind of intelligent concrete test block and secondary thereof three times or two dry wet method for makings, and use capacitance as the electric performance test parameter of stress, strain transducer, there is the feature of compressive stress reaction sensitivity, individual data stable testing.But this intelligent concrete sensor is (< 4MPa) under low-stress state, the growth rate specific stress growth rate of stress capacitance is fast, is non-linear growth, has a strong impact on the accuracy of xoncrete structure monitoring under low-stress state.
The Chinese patent of document 3 " patent No. is ZL 03128010.2 " discloses a kind of high-sensitivity carbon fibre cement based resistance-strain sensor-based system containing temperature compensation.This system is laid carbon fibre cement base intelligent composite in the upper and lower surface of normal concrete beams, forms sandwich construction, by measuring up and down the differential circuit of symmetrical surface, measures the degree that beams of concrete carrying occurs bending and deformation.This strain sensing system has been eliminated the impact of environment temperature, improved the strain sensitive stability of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, and there is high strain-resistance susceptibility, but this sensing system forms structure and installation technics is complicated, can only, for the flexural deformation monitoring of beams of concrete, limit the application of this cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer.
The Chinese patent of document 4 " application number is 200510057227.0 " discloses slag that a kind of utilization contains ferriferous oxide and flyash as the sensitive concrete of conductive phase.This sensitive concrete has salvaging, stress sensitivity is high, mechanical property good and the simple advantage of preparation technology, but due to the otherness of process for making and each department raw material, the undulatory property of generating plant electricity coal composition, cause the ferriferous oxide content fluctuation in slag and flyash very common, cause the resistivity of this sensitive concrete and the fluctuation of voltage-dependent characteristic also larger, have a strong impact on the stability of the strain transducer that utilizes this sensitive concrete making.
Document 5 (" B.G.Han, X.C.Guan, J.P.Ou, Sensors and Actuators A, 2007,135:360-369 ") discloses a kind of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer that carbon fiber is conductive phase and preparation method thereof that utilizes.This cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer stress sensitivity is high, and mechanical property is better, and electric conduction of carbon fiber is evenly distributed in cement based intelligent compound substance.But but there are other drawbacks in its preparation process: on the one hand, in this strain transducer preparation process, owing to using methylcellulose to cause carbon-fiber cement mixture viscosity to increase, cause as obtaining necessary cast mobility and increase mixing water amount, reduce the intensity of final cement based intelligent compound substance and strain transducer thereof; On the other hand, methylcellulose also can remain in Carbon Fiber Cement-based Composites, in the interface of carbon fiber and Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste, form one deck insulating polymer layer, increase the fluctuation range of final composite material resistance rate, affect resistivity and the voltage-dependent characteristic stability of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer.
The Chinese patent of document 6 " application number is 200710072165.X " discloses local pressure sensitive cement base stress, the strain transducer of detecting of a kind of xoncrete structure, by four parallel to each other being fixed in pressure-sensitive cement sill of mesh electrode, formed, there is highly sensitive, good endurance, feature that embedding survival rate is high.But this sensor pressure-sensitive cement sill is by chopped carbon fiber, carbon fiber powder or carbon black or two or three forming wherein, and adding of carbon fiber powder and carbon black tends to cause cement based intelligent composite materials property to reduce, and then affect the voltage-dependent characteristic of sensor, and this sensor is shape of a saddle shape, only can be for the detection of some part of xoncrete structure.
The Chinese patent of document 7 " patent No. is ZL 200710072474.7 " discloses a kind of pressure-sensitive cement-base composite material that nickel powder is major function component of take, and has solved power-coupling effect sensitivity that existing pressure-sensitive cement sill exists low and be subject to that humidity effect is large, matrix polarization easily affects the defects such as electrical signal test.But in this pressure-sensitive cement-base composite material, higher nickel powder content can cause preparation process mixing water amount to increase, and reduces the comprehensive mechanical property of pressure-sensitive cement-base composite material and strain transducer thereof.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer and preparation method thereof, this strain transducer has that sensitivity coefficient is high, the pressure-sensitive character linearity is high, the feature of sensor mechanics function admirable, preparation process adopts dry mixed technique, the sensor strength decreased of having avoided cellulose to use bringing and the problem of electric property variation, and there is no a fiber agglomeration.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, is comprised of carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite and four parallel poles being arranged on described compound substance.
Described electrode is high-purity copper mesh, and the aperture of high-purity copper mesh is greater than 2mm, is preferably 2-5mm, by pre-buried technique and carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite, combines.
Described carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite is mainly (0.001～0.01) by mass ratio: 1 PAN base chopped carbon fiber and portland cement form;
Or, described carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite is mainly (0.001～0.01) by mass ratio: 1: PAN base chopped carbon fiber, portland cement and the aggregate of (0.5～3.0) form, and described aggregate is the potpourri of silica sand or the rational multiple particle size range silica sand of grating.
Described strain transducer profile is rectangular parallelepiped or right cylinder, and four plate electrodes are arranged perpendicular to rectangular parallelepiped longest edge or right cylinder bus, and four plate electrodes are symmetrical.
The method of described cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, comprises the following steps:
The first step according to the profile of the strain transducer that will make, is put into four parallel poles in corresponding mould;
Second step is poured into a mould carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite, curing molding in mould.
Described carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite is mainly (0.001～0.01) by mass ratio: 1 PAN base chopped carbon fiber and portland cement form;
Or described carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite is mainly (0.001～0.01) by mass ratio: 1: PAN base chopped carbon fiber, portland cement and the aggregate of (0.5～3.0) form.
Described PAN base chopped carbon fiber adopts dry dispersing technology, first in homo-mixer, is broken up into monofilament state, then mixes at stirring machine inner drying with portland cement, finally adds water stirring and makes carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite;
Or, described PAN base chopped carbon fiber adopts dry dispersing technology, first in homo-mixer, be broken up into monofilament state, then mix at stirring machine inner drying with portland cement and aggregate, finally add water stirring and make carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite.
Above-mentioned after stirring machine inner drying mixes, add polycarboxylate water-reducer, the economization agent of 1-6% and the water of 25-45% of portland cement quality 0.2-1.3% used.To improve mechanical property, the pressure-sensitive character linearity of final cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, reduce internal tiny crack.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer of the present invention, the cement based intrinsic intelligent composite that PAN base chopped carbon fiber and cementitious composite form of take is basic material, has that sensitivity coefficient is high, the pressure-sensitive character linearity is high, the feature of sensor mechanics function admirable.Adding of PAN base carbon fibre, not only given cement-based material good pressure-sensitive character, the mechanical property of the cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer improving, and suppressed generation and the expansion of pulsating stress effect lower sensor internal tiny crack, made cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer there is good pressure-sensitive character.
2) sensor preparation process of the present invention is owing to having adopted dry mixed technique, directly by the chopped carbon fiber of monofilament state and cement powder dry mixed evenly after, add again water and prepare cement based intelligent compound substance sensor, the sensor strength decreased of having avoided cellulose to use bringing and the problem of electric property variation, and carbon fiber is uniformly dispersed in cement matrix, there is no fiber agglomeration.
3) preparation process of sensor of the present invention adopts high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, economization agent and rational quartz sand graduation, be conducive to the raising of strain transducer comprehensive mechanical property, reduce internal tiny crack, improving the interface of carbon fiber between Behavior of Hardened Cement Paste is combined, improve strain transducer sensitivity coefficient and the pressure-sensitive character linearity, and the range ability when improving sensor and measuring stress.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer preparation process process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer of the present invention (rectangular parallelepiped profile) structural representation, and dashed rectangle represents electrode, and rectangular parallelepiped represents strain transducer, on the electrode of two of inner sides, has wire to draw, and two, outside electrode connects constant voltage source.
Fig. 3 is cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer of the present invention (cylindrical shape) structural representation, and broken circle represents electrode, and right cylinder represents strain transducer, on the electrode of two of inner sides, has wire to draw, and two, outside electrode connects constant voltage source.
Fig. 4 is the strain of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer of the present invention and the relation curve of resistance change rate.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further details.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, by carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite and four parallel high-purity copper net electrodes being arranged on described compound substance, formed, the aperture of high-purity copper mesh is greater than 2mm, compound substance is that mass ratio is PAN base chopped carbon fiber and the portland cement potpourri of 0.001: 1, and strain transducer profile is rectangular parallelepiped.
Its preparation process is such:
First prepare the steel die that die cavity is rectangular parallelepiped, and by four high-purity copper mesh perpendicular to rectangular parallelepiped longest edge, symmetrical being fixed in mould is parallel to each other.
Then, the ratio that is 0.001: 1 according to mass ratio, gets PAN base chopped carbon fiber and portland cement, utilizes the homo-mixer with intersection elastomer blade, PAN base chopped carbon fiber is separated into monofilament state, then mixes at stirring machine inner drying with Portland cement.Add again polycarboxylate water-reducer, 1 economization agent and 25% the water of portland cement quality 0.2% used, and further stir and form carbon-fiber cement mixture.
Finally, carbon-fiber cement mixture is poured in the steel die that is fixed with four high-purity copper net electrodes, and in mould curing molding, form cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, four high-purity copper net electrodes are drawn with wire.
Its using method is such:
In four high-purity copper net electrodes, between two plate electrodes in outside, apply DC voltage, inner side two plate electrodes are for detection of the change in voltage between two electrodes of inner side.Cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, the input quantity that is sensor perpendicular to the strain of four mesh electrode directions, the output quantity that the voltage that inner side two plate electrodes detect is sensor.In sensor use procedure, utilize current value and sensor geometric parameter, change in voltage between two plate electrodes of the inner side detecting is scaled to the change in resistance of cement based intrinsic intelligent composite, and the cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer set up of contrast and relation curve or the relational expression between change in resistance, realize the strain monitoring to xoncrete structure.
On the basis of xoncrete structure strain monitoring, utilize the modulus relation of cement based intrinsic intelligent composite, can realize the stress monitoring of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer to xoncrete structure.
Embodiment 2
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, a kind of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, by carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite and four parallel high-purity copper net electrodes being arranged on described compound substance, formed, the aperture of high-purity copper mesh is greater than 2mm, PAN base chopped carbon fiber, portland cement potpourri and aggregate that compound substance is mainly 0.004: 1: 0.5 by mass ratio form, aggregate is the potpourri of silica sand or the rational multiple particle size range silica sand of grating, and strain transducer profile is rectangular parallelepiped.
Its preparation process is such:
First prepare the steel die that die cavity is rectangular parallelepiped, and by four high-purity copper mesh perpendicular to rectangular parallelepiped longest edge, symmetrical being fixed in mould is parallel to each other.
Then, the ratio that is 0.004: 1: 0.5 according to mass ratio, get PAN base chopped carbon fiber, portland cement potpourri and aggregate, utilization has the homo-mixer of intersection elastomer blade, utilization has the homo-mixer of intersection elastomer blade, PAN base chopped carbon fiber is separated into monofilament state, then mixes at stirring machine inner drying with Portland cement.Add again polycarboxylate water-reducer, 6% economization agent and 45% the water of aggregate and portland cement quality 1.3% used, and further stir and form carbon-fiber cement mixture.
Finally, carbon-fiber cement mixture is poured in the steel die that is fixed with four high-purity copper net electrodes, and in mould curing molding, form cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, four high-purity copper net electrodes are drawn with wire.
Its using method is such:
In four high-purity copper net electrodes, between two plate electrodes in outside, apply steady current, inner side two plate electrodes are for detection of the change in voltage between two electrodes of inner side.Cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, the input quantity that is sensor perpendicular to the strain of four mesh electrode directions, the output quantity that the voltage that inner side two plate electrodes detect is sensor.In sensor use procedure, utilize current value and sensor geometric parameter, change in voltage between two plate electrodes of the inner side detecting is scaled to the change in resistance of cement based intrinsic intelligent composite, and the cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer set up of contrast and relation curve or the relational expression between change in resistance, realize the strain monitoring to xoncrete structure.
On the basis of xoncrete structure strain monitoring, utilize the modulus relation of cement based intrinsic intelligent composite, can realize the stress monitoring of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer to xoncrete structure.
Embodiment 3
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, a kind of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, by carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite and four parallel high-purity copper net electrodes being arranged on described compound substance, formed, the aperture of high-purity copper mesh is greater than 2mm, compound substance is that mass ratio is PAN base chopped carbon fiber and the portland cement potpourri of 0.006: 1, and strain transducer profile is right cylinder.
Its preparation process is such:
First preparing die cavity is cylindrical steel die, and by four high-purity copper mesh perpendicular to right cylinder bus, symmetrical being fixed in mould is parallel to each other.
Then, the ratio that is 0.006: 1 according to mass ratio, gets PAN base chopped carbon fiber and portland cement, utilizes the homo-mixer with intersection elastomer blade, PAN base chopped carbon fiber is separated into monofilament state, then mixes at stirring machine inner drying with Portland cement.Add again polycarboxylate water-reducer, 2% economization agent and 32% the water of portland cement quality 1.0% used, and further stir and form carbon-fiber cement mixture.
Finally, carbon-fiber cement mixture is poured in the steel die that is fixed with four high-purity copper net electrodes, and in mould curing molding, form cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, four high-purity copper net electrodes are drawn with wire.
Its using method is such:
In four high-purity copper net electrodes, between two plate electrodes in outside, apply steady current, inner side two plate electrodes are for detection of the change in voltage between two electrodes of inner side.Cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, the input quantity that is sensor perpendicular to the strain of four mesh electrode directions, the output quantity that the voltage that inner side two plate electrodes detect is sensor.In sensor use procedure, utilize current value and sensor geometric parameter, change in voltage between two plate electrodes of the inner side detecting is scaled to the change in resistance of cement based intrinsic intelligent composite, and the cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer set up of contrast and relation curve or the relational expression between change in resistance, realize the strain monitoring to xoncrete structure.
On the basis of xoncrete structure strain monitoring, utilize the modulus relation of cement based intrinsic intelligent composite, can realize the stress monitoring of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer to xoncrete structure.
Embodiment 4
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 3, a kind of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, by carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite and four parallel high-purity copper net electrodes being arranged on described compound substance, formed, the aperture of high-purity copper mesh is greater than 2mm, PAN base chopped carbon fiber, portland cement potpourri and aggregate that compound substance is mainly 0.01: 1: 3 by mass ratio form, aggregate is the potpourri of silica sand or the rational multiple particle size range silica sand of grating, and strain transducer profile is right cylinder.
Its preparation process is such:
First preparing die cavity is cylindrical steel die, and by four high-purity copper mesh perpendicular to right cylinder bus, symmetrical being fixed in mould is parallel to each other.
Then, the ratio that is 0.01: 1: 3 according to mass ratio, get PAN base chopped carbon fiber, portland cement potpourri and aggregate, utilization has the homo-mixer of intersection elastomer blade, utilization has the homo-mixer of intersection elastomer blade, PAN base chopped carbon fiber is separated into monofilament state, then mixes at stirring machine inner drying with Portland cement.Add again aggregate, polycarboxylate water-reducer, economization agent and water, and the formation carbon-fiber cement mixture that further stirs.
Finally, carbon-fiber cement mixture is poured in the steel die that is fixed with four high-purity copper net electrodes, and in mould curing molding, form cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, four high-purity copper net electrodes are drawn with wire.
Its using method is such:
In four high-purity copper net electrodes, between two plate electrodes in outside, apply DC voltage, inner side two plate electrodes are for detection of the change in voltage between two electrodes of inner side.Cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, the input quantity that is sensor perpendicular to the strain of four mesh electrode directions, the output quantity that the voltage that inner side two plate electrodes detect is sensor.In sensor use procedure, utilize current value and sensor geometric parameter, change in voltage between two plate electrodes of the inner side detecting is scaled to the change in resistance of cement based intrinsic intelligent composite, and the cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer set up of contrast and relation curve or the relational expression between change in resistance, realize the strain monitoring to xoncrete structure.
On the basis of xoncrete structure strain monitoring, utilize the modulus relation of cement based intrinsic intelligent composite, can realize the stress monitoring of cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer to xoncrete structure.
Consult shown in Fig. 4, cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer of the present invention, the relation curve of strain and resistance change rate is linear relation, the pressure-sensitive character linearity of this strain transducer is very good.
The foregoing is only one embodiment of the present invention, it not whole or unique embodiment, the conversion of any equivalence that those of ordinary skills take technical solution of the present invention by reading instructions of the present invention, is claim of the present invention and contains.
Claims (3)
1. a cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer, is comprised of carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite and four parallel poles being arranged on described compound substance, and described electrode is high-purity copper mesh of aperture 2-5mm;
It is characterized in that,
Described carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite is mainly (0.001～0.01) by mass ratio: 1 PAN base chopped carbon fiber and portland cement form;
Or,
Described carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite is mainly (0.001～0.01) by mass ratio: PAN base chopped carbon fiber, portland cement and aggregate 1:(0.5～3.0) form, and described aggregate is the potpourri of silica sand or the rational multiple particle size range silica sand of grating.
2. cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described strain transducer profile is rectangular parallelepiped or right cylinder, and four plate electrodes are arranged perpendicular to rectangular parallelepiped longest edge or right cylinder bus, and four plate electrodes are symmetrical.
3. a method of preparing cement based intelligent compound substance strain transducer claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
The first step according to the profile of the strain transducer that will make, is put into four parallel poles in corresponding mould;
Second step is poured into a mould carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite, curing molding in mould;
Described carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite is mainly (0.001～0.01) by mass ratio: 1 PAN base chopped carbon fiber and portland cement form;
Or,
Described carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite is mainly (0.001～0.01) by mass ratio: PAN base chopped carbon fiber, portland cement and aggregate 1:(0.5～3.0) form;
Described PAN base chopped carbon fiber adopts dry dispersing technology, first in homo-mixer, is broken up into monofilament state, then mixes at stirring machine inner drying with portland cement, finally adds water stirring and makes carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite;
Or,
Described PAN base chopped carbon fiber adopts dry dispersing technology, first in homo-mixer, be broken up into monofilament state, then mix at stirring machine inner drying with portland cement and aggregate, finally add water stirring and make carbon fibre cement base intrinsic intelligent composite;
After stirring machine inner drying mixes, add polycarboxylate water-reducer, the economization agent of 1-6% and the water of 25-45% of portland cement quality 0.2-1.3% used.
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| CN106768052B (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏大学 | Intelligent carbon fiber composite sensing element and manufacturing method thereof |
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| CN1227530C (en) * | 2002-09-16 | 2005-11-16 | 欧进萍 | Clever concrete sensor component |
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