CN109357795B - Cement-based piezoelectric composite material sensor - Google Patents
Cement-based piezoelectric composite material sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109357795B CN109357795B CN201811622860.3A CN201811622860A CN109357795B CN 109357795 B CN109357795 B CN 109357795B CN 201811622860 A CN201811622860 A CN 201811622860A CN 109357795 B CN109357795 B CN 109357795B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 81
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002520 smart material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011231 conductive filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001808 coupling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
Abstract
The invention relates to a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor, comprising: cement matrix material, piezoelectricity filling material, fibre filling material and electrically conductive filling material, characterized by that whole entity structure divide into sensor base member, first electrode layer, piezoelectricity material composite layer and second electrode layer, wherein: the sensor matrix is of a cube structure and is composed of a cement matrix material and a fiber filling material; the first electrode layer, the piezoelectric material composite layer and the second electrode layer are sequentially distributed below one surface of the sensor matrix; each layer is made of a different composite material, and the material arrangement is formed by means of multilayer additive manufacturing through respectively different extrusion heads. The formed sensor can be arranged in a concrete structure to realize multi-directional stress measurement, has good compatibility with a concrete parent material, and is higher in structural strength and higher in reliability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of intelligent buildings, and particularly relates to a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor.
Background
When the stress state of the concrete is measured, the strain of the surface of the concrete is generally measured by adopting a structure surface adhesive resistance strain gauge, and then the internal stress of the concrete is calculated by combining the elastic modulus of the concrete material. The indirect testing method has limited reference value in the test of complex structures, uneven stress positions in the structures or dangerous points, and the adoption of embedded sensors is a main development direction of future structural health monitoring.
In the health monitoring of smart or architectural structures, the compatibility between the smart material or sensor and the parent material is decisive for the functioning of the smart material sensing function. If the compatibility is poor, the sensing accuracy of the intelligent material can be greatly reduced. In the field of civil engineering, the largest structural material is concrete, and the research and development of intelligent materials or sensors with good compatibility with concrete has important significance. The cement-based piezoelectric composite material with good compatibility with the concrete matrix can be formed by taking the cement-based material as a matrix of the intelligent composite material and doping the piezoelectric ceramic material as a functional body. Meanwhile, with the progress of additive manufacturing technology, multi-phase material additive manufacturing and multi-material additive manufacturing methods have been widely tested, and it has become possible to arrange different substances in the same structure to form a new device manufactured integrally.
When the traditional piezoelectric ceramic sensor is arranged in a concrete structure, the traditional piezoelectric ceramic sensor is easy to crack, has poor compatibility and coupling degree with concrete, cannot fully exert the capacity of the piezoelectric sensor, and is a main problem of application of the piezoelectric sensor in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of poor structural strength and material compatibility of the embedded sensor in the traditional concrete measurement, materials are arranged according to the requirement by utilizing a multi-material additive manufacturing technology, and a cement-based piezoelectric composite material sensor formed by special distribution of materials is provided, and the sensor is formed by cement matrix materials, piezoelectric filling materials, fiber filling materials and conductive filling materials according to a specific structure and distribution mode, and is used for unidirectional or multidirectional stress measurement, and is a brand-new intelligent composite material sensor.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention relates to a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor, which comprises: cement matrix material, piezoelectricity filling material, fibre filling material and electrically conductive filling material, characterized by that whole entity structure divide into sensor base member, first electrode layer, piezoelectricity material composite layer and second electrode layer, wherein: the sensor matrix is of a cube structure and is composed of a cement matrix material and a fiber filling material; the first electrode layer, the piezoelectric material composite layer and the second electrode layer are sequentially distributed below one surface of the sensor matrix.
The first electrode layer is a sheet body, and is formed by lamination and deposition in the thickness direction according to a specified material distribution rule in a neutral section of the first electrode layer, two types of composite materials are distributed in the section of the first electrode layer, wherein the first type is reinforced cement composite materials formed by compounding cement matrix materials and fiber filling materials, and after fiber materials are added, the stress transmission effect, the structural strength and the coupling effect of the composite materials and piezoelectric materials can be obviously improved. The second type is a conductive cement composite material formed by adding a conductive filling material into the reinforced cement composite material, and the addition of the conductive filling material can enable the composite material to have good conductivity, and potential difference generated by material resistance in a region where the materials are communicated is negligible. The reinforced cement composite material is arranged in two partial areas on the neutral section of the first electrode layer, the first partial area is a hollow rectangular insulating area with the outer edge of the section, the inner boundary of the hollow rectangular insulating area is rectangular, the second partial area is a rectangular structural supporting area uniformly distributed at intervals in the hollow area of the hollow rectangular insulating area, the conductive cement composite material is distributed in a functional material filling area except for the structural supporting area in the hollow rectangular insulating area, the lower surface of the first electrode layer is combined with a sensor matrix, and the upper surface of the first electrode layer is combined with the piezoelectric material composite layer. The structure supporting area is communicated with the outer protective layer and the sensor matrix, and the structure of the outer protective layer and the sensor matrix protects the sensitive material piezoelectric ceramics in the sensor structure; on the other hand, the stress in the piezoelectric ceramic layer is more similar to the actual situation in the concrete, and the measurement error caused by the difference of the elastic modulus of the piezoelectric composite material part and the concrete is reduced, so that the test precision is improved.
The piezoelectric material composite layer is formed in the same way as the first electrode layer in terms of material distribution on a neutral section, and the difference is that the piezoelectric composite material formed by uniformly adding the piezoelectric filling material into the reinforced cement composite material is arranged in the functional material filling area; the second electrode layer is the same as the first electrode layer in structure, the lower surface of the second electrode layer is combined with the piezoelectric material composite layer, and the upper surface of the second electrode layer is combined with the outer protective layer of the sensor matrix; the outer protective layer is a surface layer of the sensor matrix, the thickness of the outer protective layer is not smaller than the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode layer, the piezoelectric material composite layer and the second electrode layer, and the protective layer is required to ensure a certain thickness so as to realize good combination with a concrete matrix material and protect an internal functional layer.
The various materials are arranged at designated positions as needed by a multi-material additive manufacturing technique, and the structure is manufactured by one-step molding.
When the device size is smaller or the stress is smaller in the test working condition, a simplified sensor scheme can be adopted, namely the inner boundary of the hollow rectangular insulating region is circular, and the structural support region is surrounded by a circular boundary concentric with the inner circular boundary of the hollow rectangular insulating region. The sensor formed in this way has a simpler smart material structure, and linearity and precision are improved.
Because the piezoelectric composite material is tested to be stress in one direction after polarization, in order to measure more complex space stress parameters, a scheme of multidirectional arrangement of the smart material is adopted, namely, functional areas formed by the first electrode layer, the piezoelectric material composite layer and the second electrode layer are respectively arranged below three surfaces of the sensor matrix passing through the same vertex.
Because the additive manufacturing technology is adopted, the process difficulty or the processing time is not obviously increased by increasing the distribution of the smart materials, a multi-smart unit combination scheme with better reliability can be adopted, namely, the functional areas formed by the first electrode layer, the piezoelectric material composite layer and the second electrode layer are respectively arranged under each surface on the sensor matrix.
And (3) drilling holes into the electrode area where the holes are positioned, connecting the fixed wires with the required electrodes, applying high-voltage direct current between the two electrodes, finishing polarization of the piezoelectric composite material and calibrating the sensor. When the measuring device is used, the sensor is arranged at a required measuring position, and the measuring of multi-directional stress can be realized by carrying out azimuth calibration after the concrete preparation is completed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the material distribution of a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the material partition structure of a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a subsurface cross-sectional view of a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor material according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the distribution of neutral section materials in a first electrode layer of a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor material according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, a cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor of the present invention includes: cement matrix material, PZT piezoelectric filler material, glass fiber filler material and conductive filler material, characterized in that the whole physical structure is divided into a sensor matrix 1, a first electrode layer 2, a piezoelectric material composite layer 3 and a second electrode layer 4, wherein: the sensor matrix 1 is of a cube structure and is composed of a cement matrix material and a glass fiber filling material; the first electrode layer 2, the piezoelectric material composite layer 3 and the second electrode layer 4 are sequentially distributed below one surface of the sensor matrix 1; the first electrode layer 2 is a sheet body, and is formed by stacking and depositing two types of composite materials in the thickness direction according to a material distribution rule appointed in a neutral section of the first electrode layer, wherein two types of composite materials are distributed in the section of the first electrode layer, the first type is reinforced cement composite materials formed by compounding cement matrix materials and glass fiber filling materials, the second type is reinforced cement composite materials formed by compounding conductive filling materials added in the reinforced cement composite materials, the reinforced cement composite materials are arranged in two partial areas on the neutral section of the first electrode layer, the first partial area is a hollow rectangular insulating area 12 at the outer edge of the section, the inner boundary of the hollow rectangular insulating area is rectangular, the second partial area is a rectangular structural supporting area 13 uniformly distributed in a hollow area of the hollow rectangular insulating area 12 at intervals, the conductive cement composite materials are distributed in functional material filling areas except the structural supporting area 13 in the hollow rectangular insulating area 12, the lower surface of the first electrode layer 2 is combined with the sensor matrix 1, and the upper surface of the first electrode layer 2 is combined with the piezoelectric material composite layer 3; the piezoelectric material composite layer 3 has the same constitution mode and material distribution rule on a neutral section as the first electrode layer 2, and the difference is that the piezoelectric composite material formed by uniformly adding the PZT piezoelectric filling material into the reinforced cement composite material is arranged in the functional material filling area; the second electrode layer 4 is the same as the first electrode layer 2 in structure, the lower surface is combined with the piezoelectric material composite layer 3, and the upper surface is combined with the outer protective layer 11 of the sensor matrix 1; the outer protective layer 11 is a surface layer of the sensor substrate 1, and the thickness is the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode layer 2, the piezoelectric material composite layer 3 and the second electrode layer 4.
And (3) drilling holes into the electrode area where the holes are positioned, connecting the fixed wires with the required electrodes, applying high-voltage direct current between the two electrodes, finishing polarization of the piezoelectric composite material and calibrating the sensor. When the measuring device is used, the sensor is arranged at a required measuring position, and the measuring of multi-directional stress can be realized by carrying out azimuth calibration after the concrete preparation is completed.
Claims (3)
1. A cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor comprising: cement matrix material, piezoelectricity filling material, fibre filling material and electrically conductive filling material, characterized by that whole entity structure divide into sensor base member (1), first electrode layer (2), piezoelectricity material composite layer (3) and second electrode layer (4), wherein: the sensor matrix (1) is of a cube structure and is composed of a cement matrix material and a fiber filling material; the first electrode layer (2), the piezoelectric material composite layer (3) and the second electrode layer (4) are sequentially distributed below one surface of the sensor matrix (1); the first electrode layer (2) is a sheet body, two types of composite materials are distributed in the section of the first electrode layer, wherein the two types of composite materials are formed by stacking and depositing specified material distribution rules in a neutral section of the first electrode layer in the thickness direction, the first type of composite materials are reinforced cement composite materials formed by compounding cement matrix materials and fiber filling materials, the second type of composite materials are conductive cement composite materials formed by compounding conductive filling materials added in the reinforced cement composite materials, the reinforced cement composite materials are arranged in two partial areas on the neutral section of the first electrode layer, the first partial areas are hollow rectangular insulation areas (12) at the outer edges of the sections, the inner boundaries of the hollow rectangular insulation areas are rectangular, the second partial areas are rectangular structural support areas (13) uniformly distributed in the hollow rectangular insulation areas (12) at intervals, the conductive cement composite materials are distributed in the functional material filling areas except the structural support areas (13), the lower surfaces of the first electrode layer (2) are combined with the sensor matrix (1), and the upper surfaces of the first electrode layer (2) are combined with the piezoelectric composite layers (3); the formation mode and the material distribution rule of the piezoelectric material composite layer (3) on the neutral section are the same as those of the first electrode layer (2), and the difference is that the piezoelectric composite material formed by uniformly adding the piezoelectric filling material into the reinforced cement composite material is arranged in the functional material filling area; the second electrode layer (4) is the same as the first electrode layer (2), the lower surface of the second electrode layer is combined with the piezoelectric material composite layer (3), and the upper surface of the second electrode layer is combined with the outer protective layer (11) of the sensor matrix (1); the outer protective layer (11) is a surface layer of the sensor matrix (1), and the thickness of the outer protective layer is not smaller than the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode layer (2), the piezoelectric material composite layer (3) and the second electrode layer (4).
2. A cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor according to claim 1, wherein: the functional areas formed by the first electrode layer (2), the piezoelectric material composite layer (3) and the second electrode layer (4) are respectively arranged below three surfaces of the sensor matrix (1) passing through the same vertex.
3. A cement-based piezoelectric composite sensor according to claim 1, wherein: functional areas formed by the first electrode layer (2), the piezoelectric material composite layer (3) and the second electrode layer (4) are respectively arranged under each surface on the sensor substrate (1).
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| CN201811622860.3A CN109357795B (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Cement-based piezoelectric composite material sensor |
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| CN201811622860.3A CN109357795B (en) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Cement-based piezoelectric composite material sensor |
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