CN108151925A - Concrete plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material - Google Patents
Concrete plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material Download PDFInfo
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- CN108151925A CN108151925A CN201810044893.8A CN201810044893A CN108151925A CN 108151925 A CN108151925 A CN 108151925A CN 201810044893 A CN201810044893 A CN 201810044893A CN 108151925 A CN108151925 A CN 108151925A
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- piezoelectric material
- piezoelectric
- stress
- shearing
- sensor
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/16—Measuring force or stress, in general using properties of piezoelectric devices
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of plane dynamic stress sensors based on piezoelectric material, it is characterised in that including：Cube sensor base, the concertina type by waterproof insulation process and shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material, shielded wire and connector and small steel disc；The concertina type patch of piezoelectric material is fixed in four sides of sensor base by adhesives on two orthogonal faces；The shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material is fixed in four sides of sensor base by adhesives on the orthogonal face of another two；The concertina type and shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material are connect by shielded wire with connector, and the connector is connect with data collecting system；The small steel disc is fixed on concertina type and the lateral surface of shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material by adhesives.Technical problem underlying to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, and small, manufacture craft is simple, has excellent compatibility, the concrete plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material with concrete.
Description
Technical field
It should the present invention relates to a kind of sensor more particularly to a kind of moving for concrete structure plane based on piezoelectric material
The sensor that power measures.
Background technology
At present, still lack the technological means for the stress for directly measuring concrete structure.Stress measurement to concrete structure,
The strain of concrete surface is measured generally by resistance strain plate is pasted in concrete structural surface, then passes through coagulation
Measured strain is converted into the stress of concrete by the elasticity modulus of soil material.This method measures the stress of gained concrete
The often stress of concrete surface, and the stress state of inside concrete can not be directly obtained.It is surveyed by resistance strain gage
Amount strain converts to obtain the method for stress there are stress result by concrete material elasticity modulus by the elasticity modulus of material
Value influence the problem of, for the larger concrete material of mechanical characteristic variability, the change of elasticity modulus
It is different to be affected to stress scaling results.In addition, under the strong powers load action such as earthquake, concrete material enters the plastic stage
Afterwards, since the stress-strain relation of concrete material no longer keeps linear, directly obtaining stress by strain measurement value can bring
Large error.So exploitation can be directly embedded into inside concrete, the sensor for directly measuring inside concrete stress state,
Particularly measure the sensor of the plane dynamic stress of the concrete structure under the strong powers load action such as earthquake, explosion and impact
It has a very important significance.
At present, it there is no for concrete structure inner plane dynamic stress effective means measured directly, this patent proposes base
In the concrete structure inner plane dynamic stress measurement sensor of concertina type and shearing-type piezoelectric material.
Invention content
Technical problem underlying to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, and small, manufacture craft is simple, with
Concrete has excellent compatibility, the concrete plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material.
In order to solve the technical issues of above-mentioned, the present invention provides a kind of plane dynamic stress sensings based on piezoelectric material
Device, including：Cube sensor base, the concertina type by waterproof insulation process and shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material, shielded wire
With connector and small steel disc；
The concertina type patch of piezoelectric material is fixed in four sides of sensor base two mutually by adhesives
On vertical face；The shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material is fixed on another two in four sides of sensor base by adhesives
On orthogonal face；The concertina type and shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material are connect by shielded wire with connector, the connector with
Data collecting system connects；The small steel disc is fixed on the outside of concertina type and shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material by adhesives
Face；
Appointed part in the plane dynamic stress sensor Transducers Embedded in Concrete based on piezoelectric material, when sensor by
During exterior power load action, sensor is in general plane stress state, respectively positioned at one group of adjacent and orthogonal table
The concertina type patch of piezoelectric material in face and the shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material on adjacent positioned at another set and orthogonal surface are equal
Can charge be generated due to direct piezoelectric effect, and charge density is proportional to the dynamic direct stress suffered by respective surfaces and moves respectively
The size of shear stress；The sensitivity coefficient of its each patch of piezoelectric material can be true by the piezoelectric modulus of used piezoelectric material
It is fixed；The charge output of four patch of piezoelectric material is converted into voltage signal output, and is acquired by data collecting system；According to each pressure
The sensitivity coefficient of material piece can determine the dynamic direct stress on each surface and the size of dynamic shear stress component respectively.
In a preferred embodiment：Described cube of body sensor is by having the Compound Water silt particle of compatibility with concrete material
Slurry or natural rock material or metal or nonmetallic materials are made.
In a preferred embodiment：The patch of piezoelectric material piezoelectric material is piezoelectric ceramics or piezoelectric membrane.
In a preferred embodiment：The cube sensor base pours composite cement mortar by mold and is made.
In a preferred embodiment：The mold includes partition board, template layer, backplane level, and the template layer is equipped with multiple vertical
Cube shape cavity plate；Backplane level is located at template layer in the following, template layer is made of detachable single form layer, template layer and backplane level
Pass through partition board tight union.
Compared to the prior art, technical scheme of the present invention has following advantageous effect：
Simple in structure the present invention provides a kind of plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material, plane dynamic stress passes
Sensor it is small, manufacture craft is easy, cheap, which is under dynamic load function one inside concrete structure
As the measurement of dynamic direct stress and dynamic shear stress under plane dynamic stress state provide effective means.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the arrangement of piezoelectric ceramic piece in concrete plane dynamic stress sensor in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that patch of piezoelectric material bonds schematic diagram with cube sensor base surface in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is to make mould used in cube sensor base using composite cement mortar in the preferred embodiment of the present invention
Lamps structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is the concertina type and shearing-type used in concrete plane dynamic stress transducer calibration in the preferred embodiment of the present invention
The direct piezoelectric effect schematic diagram of patch of piezoelectric material.
Fig. 5 is the plane stress state schematic diagram of internal certain point in concrete structure in the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
With reference to Fig. 1, the present embodiment includes the concertina type patch of piezoelectric material 1,2 and shearing-type piezoelectricity Jing Guo waterproof insulation process
Material piece 3,4, cube sensor base 5, and arranged by mode in figure：One group of cube sensor base 5 it is adjacent its
Concertina type patch of piezoelectric material 1,2, adjacent in another set and orthogonal two sides are arranged on orthogonal two sides
Shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material 3,4 is arranged on face.It pastes in two adjacent and orthogonal surfaces of cube sensor base 5
On two panels concertina type piezoelectric material 1,2 measure two dynamic direct stress in the plane dynamic stress state of measuring point position point respectively
Amount.The two panels shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material 3,4 in other two orthogonal surface of cube sensor base 5 is pasted to divide
Two dynamic shear stress components that Ce Liang be in the plane dynamic stress state of measuring point position.
With reference to Fig. 2, four piezoelectric ceramic pieces pass through bonding and the material of insulation with the cube sensor base 5
It is integrated as epoxy resin 8 is adhesively fixed, the positive and negative anodes of each patch of piezoelectric material are connect by shielded wire with connector 7.It is described small
Steel disc 6 is covered in each piezoelectric material on piece by the material such as epoxy resin 8 for bonding and insulating respectively.Described cube of body sensor
The composite cement mortar compatible with concrete material can be used in matrix 5, is carried out by the mold prefabricated.When using other days
When right rock material or metal material make with nonmetallic materials, made by mechanical processing tools.
With reference to Fig. 3, the composite cement mortar cube sensor base 5 of the embodiment of the present invention manufactures a kind of mould used
Tool, including partition board 9, template layer 10, backplane level 11.It is 2cm that template layer 10, which is equipped with 40 width, and highly for 2cm, (size can
With according to actual needs or design adjustment) square bodily form cavity plate, backplane level 11 be located at template layer 10 in the following, template layer 10 by
Detachable single form composition.Template layer 10 is fixed with backplane level 11 by partition board 9.Use composite cement mortar making cube
It is first that mold clean is clean during body sensor matrix 5, in the uniform coating lubricating oil of molding surface, then the Compound Water that will be stirred
Mud pours into vibration compacting in mold, and form removal after standing one day obtains composite cement mortar cube sensor base 5, then
It puts it into water and conserves with spare.
With reference to Fig. 4, Fig. 4 a are concertina type piezoelectric material direct piezoelectric effect schematic diagram, Fig. 4 b for shearing-type piezoelectric material just
Piezoelectric effect schematic diagram (using 3 directions as polarization direction).The basic functional principle of embodiment is：Utilize the positive pressure of piezoelectric material
When concertina type patch of piezoelectric material 1,2 is acted on by the dynamic direct stress in the external world, it is opposite to there is symbol on its surface for electrical effect
Positive and negative bound charge, and charge density is proportional to the size of suffered dynamic direct stress.When shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material 3,4 by
To extraneous dynamic shear stress effect when, can occur the opposite positive and negative bound charge of symbol, and charge density direct ratio on its surface
In the size of suffered dynamic shear stress.The sensitivity coefficient of each patch of piezoelectric material can pass through used piezoelectric material
Piezoelectric modulus determines.The charge output of four patch of piezoelectric material is converted into voltage signal output, and pass through data collecting system and adopt
Collection.The dynamic direct stress on each surface of sensor and dynamic shear stress point can be determined according to the sensitivity coefficient of each pressure material piece respectively
The size of amount.
With reference to Fig. 5, it is the general plane stress state of certain point inside concrete structure, includes two dynamic direct stress and two
Dynamic shear stress.It is mutually waited according to shear stress and determines power, the two dynamic shear stress are equal.Plane dynamic stress sensing based on piezoelectric ceramic piece
The basic functional principle that device is implemented for the piezoelectric equations of direct piezoelectric effect of patch of piezoelectric material, (wherein perpendicular to 1-3 put down by 2 directions
Face), by taking piezoceramic material as an example, piezoelectric equations such as following formula (1).By the dielectric displacement D on i directionsiVoltage U is converted into, such as
Following formula (2).Wherein dijFor under the action of the stress in j directions, perpendicular to the piezoelectric modulus of the electrode surface in i directions.Ti(i=1,
2,3) it is the direct stress in i directions, Ti(i=4,5,6) is respectively the shear stress for acting on 1-2 faces, 1-3 faces and 2-3 faces.KijFor pressure
The sensitivity coefficient of electroceramics piece, A are the plane of polarization area of piezoelectric ceramics, and C is the capacitance of piezoelectric ceramic piece.In concrete
The a certain cell cube plane stress of inside configuration is respectively σx,σy,τxyAnd τyx, wherein there is τxy=τyx。
U=Qi/ C=Di× A/C=∑s (dij×Tj) × A/C=∑s (kij×Tj)(2)
There is equation below (3) for concertina type piezoelectric ceramics 1,2
U1=k31×σx+k33×σy
U2=k31×σy+k33×σx (3)
Utilize known constant k31, k33And data collecting system detects and obtains voltage data U1,U2σ can be obtainedxWith σy。
There is equation below (4) for shearing-type piezoelectric ceramics 3,4
U3=k15×τxy
U4=k15×τyx, and U3=U4。 (4)
Utilize known constant k15And data collecting system detects and obtains voltage data U3,U4τ can be obtainedxyWith τyx, and τxy
=τyx。
The configuration of the present invention is simple, small, manufacture craft is easy.The sensor is the concrete knot under dynamic load function
The measurement of dynamic direct stress and dynamic shear stress inside structure under general plane dynamic stress state provides effective means
The foregoing is merely present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore the technical scope of the present invention cannot be limited according to this, therefore Fan Yiben
The equivalent changes and modifications that the technical spirit and description of invention are made, in the range of should all belonging to technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material, it is characterised in that including：Cube sensor base is passed through
Concertina type and shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material, shielded wire and connector and the small steel disc of waterproof insulation process；
The concertina type patch of piezoelectric material is fixed in four sides of sensor base two by adhesives and is mutually perpendicular to
Face on；It is mutual that the shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material is fixed on another two in four sides of sensor base by adhesives
On vertical face；The concertina type and shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material are connect by shielded wire with connector, the connector and data
Acquisition system connects；The small steel disc is fixed on concertina type and the lateral surface of shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material by adhesives；
Appointed part in the plane dynamic stress sensor Transducers Embedded in Concrete based on piezoelectric material, when sensor is by the external world
During dynamic load function, sensor is in general plane stress state, respectively positioned at one group of adjacent and orthogonal surface
Concertina type patch of piezoelectric material and the shearing-type patch of piezoelectric material on adjacent positioned at another set and orthogonal surface can be by
Charge is generated, and charge density is proportional to the dynamic direct stress suffered by respective surfaces and moves to cut and answers respectively in direct piezoelectric effect
The size of power；The sensitivity coefficient of its each patch of piezoelectric material can be determined by the piezoelectric modulus of used piezoelectric material；
The charge output of four patch of piezoelectric material is converted into voltage signal output, and is acquired by data collecting system；According to each pressure material
The sensitivity coefficient of tablet can determine the dynamic direct stress on each surface and the size of dynamic shear stress component respectively.
2. a kind of plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material according to claim 1, feature exist：Described cube
Body sensor is by having the composite cement mortar of compatibility or natural rock material or metal or non-gold with concrete material
Belong to material to be made.
3. a kind of plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material according to claim 1, feature exist：The piezoelectricity
Material piece piezoelectric material is piezoelectric ceramics or piezoelectric membrane.
4. a kind of plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material according to claim 2, feature exist：Described cube
Body sensor matrix pours composite cement mortar by mold and is made.
5. a kind of plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material according to claim 4, feature exist：The mold
Including partition board, template layer, backplane level, the template layer is equipped with multiple cube shaped cavity plates；Backplane level is located at template layer in the following, mould
Plate layer is made of detachable single form layer, and template layer passes through partition board tight union with backplane level.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810044893.8A CN108151925B (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2018-01-17 | Concrete plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201810044893.8A CN108151925B (en) | 2018-01-17 | 2018-01-17 | Concrete plane dynamic stress sensor based on piezoelectric material |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN112179553A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2021-01-05 | 西南交通大学 | Method for ultrasonically and synchronously measuring axial force and shearing force of bolt |
| CN113237578A (en) * | 2021-05-08 | 2021-08-10 | 大连理工大学 | Multi-dimensional force/moment measuring method based on full-shear effect quartz wafer |
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