CN102919557A - 一种生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料及配合料 - Google Patents
一种生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料及配合料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102919557A CN102919557A CN2012104508305A CN201210450830A CN102919557A CN 102919557 A CN102919557 A CN 102919557A CN 2012104508305 A CN2012104508305 A CN 2012104508305A CN 201210450830 A CN201210450830 A CN 201210450830A CN 102919557 A CN102919557 A CN 102919557A
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- sulfate
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,属于饲料预混料领域。该预混料主要包括以下成分:维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E、维生素K3、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、烟酸、泛酸、叶酸、生物素、赖氨酸、硫酸亚铁、硫酸铜、硫酸锌、碘化钾、氯化钴、亚硒酸钠、有机微量元素、复合微生态制剂、氯化胆碱、丁酸钠、抗氧化剂、沸石粉、麸皮。本发明的预混料不添加任何药物添加剂,有助于改善猪肠道微生态环境,维护肠道健,营养全面,提高饲料转化率,缩短饲养周期,降低养殖成本,增强抗病能力,使用方便。
Description
技术领域
本发明具体涉及一种生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料及配合料,属于饲料预混料领域。
背景技术
抗生素在猪肉及其脏器中的残留也对人体的健康产生了直接或间接的危害。所以减少或停止抗生素在饲料中的添加使用,已经成为科研工作者解决猪肉质量安全问题的任务。而近年来出现的微生态制剂和有机酸类抗生素替代品,对于解决畜禽饲料对抗生素类生长促进剂的依赖问题气到了一定的作用,但是目前市场上出现的用于预混料的微生态制剂还存在活菌含量低、益生菌抗逆性能差、益生功能不明显的问题,而限制其在动物上的应用。因此,需要添加具有良好益生功能、抗逆性能好的饲用菌株,最终得到营养全面,无抗生素添加的绿色生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料。
发明内容
为了解决上述问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料及配合料。
首先,本发明提供一种生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,每千克预混料中含有:维生素A 0.30-0.40g、维生素D3 4.0-5.0g、维生素E 3.2-4.0g、维生素K3 0.18-0.25g、维生素B1 0.30-0.50g、维生素B20.30-0.70g、维生素B6 0.15-0.25g、维生素B12 2-3mg、烟酸0.10-0.40g、泛酸1.0-3.0g、叶酸0.05-0.10g、生物素10-18mg、赖氨酸140g、硫酸亚铁30-40g、硫酸铜10-15g、硫酸锌12-22g、碘化钾0.08-0.23g、氯化钴0.3-0.6g、亚硒酸钠0.1-0.18g、有机铁15-25g、有机铜5-10g、有机锌6-25g、有机锰2-10g、复合微生态制剂100-150g、氯化胆碱60-100g、丁酸钠30-50g、抗氧化剂3g、沸石粉200g,余量为麸皮。
进一步地,每千克生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料中含有:维生素A 0.35g、维生素D3 4.2g、维生素E 3.7g、维生素K3 0.21g、维生素B1 0.38g、维生素B2 0.65g、维生素B6 0.18g、维生素B122.7mg、烟酸0.10g、泛酸2.0g、叶酸0.05g、生物素14mg、赖氨酸140g、硫酸亚铁32g、硫酸铜13g、硫酸锌18g、碘化钾0.15g、氯化钴0.4g、亚硒酸钠0.12g、有机铁17g、有机铜7g、有机锌14g、有机锰9g、复合微生态制剂120g、氯化胆碱90g、丁酸钠40g、抗氧化剂3g、沸石粉200g,余量为麸皮。
其中,所述的抗氧化剂可选用本领域常规的饲用级抗氧化剂,优选为乙氧基喹啉。
其中,所述的有机铁优选为蛋氨酸铁,所述的有机铜优选为赖氨酸铜,所述的有机锌优选为蛋氨酸锌,所述的有机锰优选为蛋氨酸锰。
其中,所述维生素B1、B2、B6的纯度大于95%;所述维生素A纯度为15%,所述的维生素D3纯度为1.25%,所述的维生素E纯度为50%。
其中,所述硫酸亚铁是一水硫酸亚铁,所述的硫酸铜是五水硫酸铜,所述的硫酸锰为一水硫酸锰。
其中,本发明所述的复合微生态制剂由枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)CGMCC No.6511、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)CGMCC No.6499和约氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus johnsonii)CGMCCNo.4926及玉米芯粉组成,其重量配比为1:1:1:20。
其中,所述预混料中益生菌的活菌数为108-109CFU/g。
本发明的预混料可添加到基础日粮中而配制成配合料,因此,本发明还提供含有所述预混料的配合料。
本发明中的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)为申请人从传统发酵豆豉中分离得到,其生物学特征如下:单个细胞,0.7-0.8×2-3μm菌落表面粗糙不透明,污白色或微黄色,菌落圆形,边缘呈锯齿状,革兰氏阳性菌;芽孢0.6-0.9×1.0-1.5μm,形态为椭圆到柱状,位于菌体中央或稍偏,芽孢形成后菌体不膨大。需氧菌。
本发明中的枯草芽孢杆菌的有益效果在于:
(1)本发明中的枯草芽孢杆菌耐酸性强,耐胆盐,耐高温(可耐受80℃的制粒温度),既而在进入动物肠道后能够保持改的生物活性,有效抑制致病性大肠杆菌K88,K99和金黄色葡萄球菌,促进有益菌生长。
(2)能够菌体自身合成α-淀粉酶、蛋白酶、脂肪酶、纤维素酶等酶类,在消化道中与动物体内的消化酶类一同发挥作用,能够提高饲料养分消化率,提高动物生产性能,有利于减少养殖周期和养殖成本。
(3)能合成维生素B1、B2、B6、烟酸等多种B族维生素,为动物机体的正常生长和生理机能的发挥提供保障,并提高动物体内干扰素和巨噬细胞的活性,增强免疫机能和抗疾病能力。本发明的枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)已于2012年9月4日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,简称CGMCC,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为CGMCC No.6511。
本发明中的嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)为申请人从猪粪便中分离得到,生物学特征如下:杆菌,为革兰氏阳性无芽孢杆菌,一般形成链杆状或球杆状,两端圆,0.6-0.9×1.5-6μm,以单个、成双或短链出现;不运动,无鞭毛,无分支,菌落较小,微微隆起,不规则,乳白色,光滑,有光泽,挑起托丝粘稠,无特有色素,用放大镜观察,深层显示在显微镜下观察,深层显示缠绕,或微绒毛丝状物,从菌堆的中心放射伸出。是微需氧菌,无氧或较低的氧分压环境下在固态基质表面生长,5%-10%的二氧化碳可促进嗜酸乳杆菌的增殖。可同化苦杏仁苷、纤维二糖、七叶苷、果糖、麦芽糖、半乳糖、乳糖、蔗糖、甘露糖、蜜二糖、棉籽糖、海藻糖,不能同化阿拉伯糖、葡萄糖酸盐、甘露糖。同型发酵,产生DL-乳酸。20℃下不生长,最适生长温度为35℃-38℃,生长初始pH值为5.0-7.0,最适生长pH值为5.5-6.0。
本发明的嗜酸乳杆菌的有益效果在于:
(1)耐酸性强,能在其他乳酸菌不能生长的环境中生长,定植能力强,即大量活菌可以顺利进入肠道发挥益生功能。
(2)能分泌抗生物素类物质(嗜酸乳菌素、嗜酸杆菌素、乳酸菌素),对肠道致病菌产生拮抗作用。
(3)产酸能力强,在肠道内可产生乳酸和醋酸,一方面有利于有效抑制动物肠道常见致病菌大肠杆菌K88,K99和金黄色葡萄球菌;另一方面能提高钙、磷、铁的利用率,促进铁和维生素D的吸收。
(4)可产生维生素K和维生素B,为动物机体补充维生素;还能够分泌蛋白酶,促进蛋白质的消化吸收,充分满足仔猪的营养需要,增强了机体抗应激和抗疾病能力,提高了日增重,从而降低生产成本。
本发明的嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)申请人已于2012年9月4日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物,简称CGMCC,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,保藏编号为CGMCC No.6499。
本发明的约氏乳杆菌Lactobacillus johnsonii)CGMCC No.4926是申请人从山西猪大肠中筛选出来,其生物学特征如下:菌落扁平,呈白色,正反面颜色一致,稍微透明,表面略微湿润,边缘不整齐。其革兰氏染色为阳性菌体形态均一,呈短杆状,两端圆形,单个或成对存在,无芽孢。本发明的约氏乳杆菌经过人工胃液、胆汁液及耐热性的筛选;又经过产酶能力筛选和抑菌能力筛选,可以耐受pH2.5,1%胃蛋白酶的人工胃液,可以耐受0.3%的人工胆汁液,可以耐受85℃的制粒温度,也可以抑制致病性大肠杆菌K88,K99和金黄色葡萄球菌,具有较强的产酸能力。该菌株已在中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心保藏,保藏日期为2011年6月8日,地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所,简称CGMCC,保藏号是CGMCC No.4926。
本发明的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,在确保充分满足猪只生长的营养需要的基础上,添加了无机和有机微量元素;预混料中还添加的复合微生态制剂,活菌含量高、水分含量低、具有耐胃酸、耐胆盐、耐高温等抗逆性能和产酸、产酶、产细菌素等益生功能,可以提高猪机体免疫力和饲料转化效率,并保证了猪只的肠道健康,继而促进动物生长,提高出栏,节省养殖成本;提高肉质风味。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1复合微生态制剂的制备
1、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)CGMCC No.6511活菌制剂的制备
1)枯草芽孢杆菌种子液的制备:将试管斜面保藏菌种接种至装有15mL培养基的试管中,37℃恒温摇床中培养16-20h,转速为225rpm,待活菌数达107CFU/mL,按1%接种于装有100mL种子培养基的250mL锥形瓶中,37℃恒温摇床中培养16-20h,摇床转速为225rpm,待活菌数达107CFU/mL,作为种子液备用。
种子培养基为:葡萄糖,20.0g/L;蛋白胨,10.0g/L;酵母粉,4.0g/L;氯化钠,5g/L;蒸馏水加至1000mL,pH 7.0±0.2。
2)液体深层发酵培养
选用5L立式发酵罐进行液体发酵培养。将枯草芽孢杆菌种子液的接种量为1%,装液量20%,37℃好氧培养20h后,测定每毫升菌液中的活菌数,待活菌数达108CFU/mL以上,芽孢形成率到达80%,放灌结束发酵培养(消泡剂为植物油,添加量1%,单位:g/L)。
发酵培养基组成如下:蛋白胨,50g/L;葡萄糖10g/L;酵母粉17g/L;低聚糖3g/L;蒸馏水加至1000mL,pH 7.0±0.2。
3)冻干菌粉制备
通过发酵液的离心、浓缩、加入冻干保护剂、真空冷冻干燥及菌粉活菌数检验等生产程序,最终制备出粉状活菌制剂。
4)成品检测
取制备完的粉状活菌制剂1g,按国际NY/T 1461-2007方法测定每克菌粉中的活菌数,测得菌粉中活菌数大于108CFU/g。
2、嗜酸乳杆菌CGMCC No.6499活菌制剂的制备1)嗜酸乳杆菌种子液的制备:将试管斜面保藏菌种接种至装有20mL MRS培养基的厌氧管中,37℃恒温厌氧培养16-24h,待活菌数达107CFU/mL,按1%接种于装有100mL种子培养基的250mL锥形瓶中,37℃厌氧培养16-24h,待活菌数达107CFU/mL以上,作为种子液备用。
种子液MRS培养基为:蛋白胨,10.0g/L;牛肉膏,8.0g/L;酵母膏,4.0g/L;葡萄糖,20.0g/L;吐温80,1mL/L;磷酸氢二钾,2.0g/L;三水乙酸钠,5.0g/L;柠檬酸三铵,2.0g/L;七水硫酸镁,0.2g/L;硫酸锰,0.05g/L;蒸馏水加至1000mL,pH 6.2±0.2。
2)液体深层发酵培养
选用5L立式发酵罐进行液体发酵培养。其中,嗜酸乳杆菌种子液的接种量为1%,装液量65%,37℃厌氧培养20h后,测定每毫升菌液中的活菌数,待活菌数达108CFU/mL以上,放灌结束发酵培养。
发酵培养基组成如下:大豆蛋白胨50g,葡萄糖10g,酵母粉17g,低聚糖3g,蒸馏水加至1000mL,pH 6.0-6.5。
3)冻干菌粉制备
通过发酵液的离心、浓缩、加入冻干保护剂、真空冷冻干燥及菌粉活菌数检验等生产程序,最终制备出粉状活菌制剂。
4)成品检测
取制备完的粉状活菌制剂1g,按国际GB/T 4789.35-2003方法测定每克菌粉中的活菌数,且菌粉中活菌数大于108CFU/g。
3、约氏乳杆菌CGMCC No.4926活菌制剂的制备
1)约氏乳杆菌种子液的制备:将试管斜面保藏菌种接种至装有20mL MRS培养基的厌氧管中,37℃恒温厌氧培养16-24h,待活菌数达107CFU/mL,按1%接种于装有100mL种子培养基的250mL锥形瓶中,37℃厌氧培养16-24h,待活菌数达107CFU/mL以上,作为种子液备用。
种子液MRS培养基为:蛋白胨,10.0g/L;牛肉膏,8.0g/L;酵母膏,4.0g/L;葡萄糖,20.0g/L;吐温80,1mL/L;磷酸氢二钾,2.0g/L;三水乙酸钠,5.0g/L;柠檬酸三铵,2.0g/L;七水硫酸镁,0.2g/L;硫酸锰,0.05g/L;蒸馏水加至1000mL,pH 6.2±0.2。
2)液体深层发酵培养
选用5L立式发酵罐进行液体发酵培养。其中吧,约氏乳杆菌种子液的接种量为1%,装液量65%,37℃厌氧培养20h后,测定每毫升菌液中的活菌数,待活菌数达108CFU/mL以上,放灌结束发酵培养。
发酵培养基组成如下:大豆蛋白胨50g,葡萄糖10g,酵母粉17g,低聚糖3g,蒸馏水加至1000mL,pH6.0-6.5。
3)冻干菌粉制备
通过发酵液的离心、浓缩、加入冻干保护剂、真空冷冻干燥及菌粉活菌数检验等生产程序,最终制备出粉状活菌制剂。
其中,冻干保护剂的组成如下:蔗糖15g,山梨醇15g,脱脂奶粉18g,蒸馏水加至250mL;菌泥(离心浓缩后的菌体)与冻干保护剂的添加比例为1:125(g/mL),冻干保护率达到72%以上。
4)成品检测
取制备完的粉状活菌制剂1g,按国际GB/T 4789.35-2003方法测定每克菌粉中的活菌数,且菌粉中活菌数大于108CFU/g。
4、复合活菌制剂的制备
将三种已经制备好的菌粉活菌制剂和玉米芯粉按重量配比为1:1:1:20进行复配,可得到复合微生态制剂,镜检复配后的活菌制剂成品活菌总数大于108CFU/g。
实施例2生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料制备
每千克预混料中含有:维生素A 0.30g、维生素D3 4.0、维生素E 3.2g、维生素K3 0.18g、维生素B1 0.30g、维生素B2 0.30g、维生素B60.15g、维生素B12 2mg、烟酸0.10g、泛酸1.0g、叶酸0.05g、生物素10mg、赖氨酸140g、硫酸亚铁30g、硫酸铜10g、硫酸锌12g、碘化钾0.08g、氯化钴0.3g、亚硒酸钠0.1g、蛋氨酸铁19g、赖氨酸铜8g、蛋氨酸锌12g、蛋氨酸锰7g、实施例1制备的复合微生态制剂100g、氯化胆碱60g、丁酸钠30g、乙氧基喹啉3g、沸石粉200g,麸皮补足到1000g。
该预混料的制备方法是:先将维生素、微量元素类用混合机分别预混,然后再按“部分麸皮、混合好的微量元素、维生素、复合微生态制剂、剩余麸皮”的顺序投料进行均匀混合即可。
实施例3生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料制备
每千克预混料中含有维生素A 0.35g、维生素D34.2g、维生素E3.7g、维生素K3 0.21g、维生素B1 0.38g、维生素B2 0.65g、维生素B6 0.18g、维生素B12 2.7mg、烟酸0.10-0.40g、泛酸1.0-3.0g、叶酸0.05-0.10g、生物素14mg、赖氨酸140g、硫酸亚铁32g、硫酸铜13g、硫酸锌18g、碘化钾0.15g、氯化钴0.4g、亚硒酸钠0.12g、蛋氨酸铁17g、赖氨酸铜7g、蛋氨酸锌14g、蛋氨酸锰9g、实施例1制备的复合微生态制剂120g、氯化胆碱90g、丁酸钠40g、乙氧基喹啉3g、沸石粉200g,麸皮补足到1000g。
该预混料的制备方法是:先将维生素、微量元素类用混合机分别预混,然后再按“部分麸皮、混合好的微量元素、维生素、复合微生态制剂、剩余麸皮”的顺序投料进行均匀混合即可。
实施例4生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料制备
每千克预混料中含有:维生素A 0.40g、维生素D3 5.0g、维生素E 4.0g、维生素K3 0.25g、维生素B1 0.50g、维生素B2 0.70g、维生素B6 0.25g、维生素B12 3mg、烟酸0.40g、泛酸3.0g、叶酸0.05-0.10g、生物素18mg、赖氨酸140g、硫酸亚铁40g、硫酸铜15g、硫酸锌22g、碘化钾0.23g、氯化钴0.6g、亚硒酸钠0.18g、蛋氨酸铁15、赖氨酸铜5g、蛋氨酸锌17g、蛋氨酸锰6g、实施例1制备的复合微生态制剂150g、氯化胆碱100g、丁酸钠50g、乙氧基喹啉3g、沸石粉200g,麸皮补足到1000g。
该预混料的制备方法是:先将维生素、微量元素类用混合机分别预混,然后再按“部分麸皮、混合好的微量元素、维生素、复合微生态制剂、剩余麸皮”的顺序投料进行均匀混合即可。
试验例1本发明复合预混料对生长育肥猪的应用效果
1、试验动物
选用平均初始体重为30.11±1.27kg的健康阉公猪(杜×长×大)72头。
2、试验设计
用市售的一种生长育肥猪复合预混料(购买于四川省成都市理顺牧业科技有限公司)作为对照组(组1),本发明的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料分别为组2-4(采用实施例2-4制备的益生素复合预混料)。按体重一致的原则,将72头猪随机分为4个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复6头猪,预饲4天,试验正式期40天。
3、试验日粮
日粮配合参照NRC(1998)20-50Kg瘦肉型猪饲料标准,各试验日粮的基础日粮相同,基础日粮配方见表1。
表1基础日粮配方及营养成分表
4、饲养管理
按常规程序和方法进行编号、驱虫和免疫管理,自由采食和饮水,各组间除日粮不同外,其它条件完全一致。记录初始体重、耗料和剩余饲料以及异常情况,在试验结束时对猪进行称重。
5、统计分析
采用SAS软件(SAS Institute,1996)中的单因素方差分析模型进行数据分析。结果用均值及平均标准误表示,P<0.05差异显著。
6、试验结果与分析,见表2。
表2复合预混料对猪生长性能的影响
注:同行肩标不同大写字母表示差异极显著(P<0.01),同行肩标不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。
试验结果表明本发明的益生素复合预混料饲喂效果较理想,其中组3试验组平均日增重达740g,与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),平均日增重比对照组提高了11.3%,而组2和组4的平均日增重分别比对照组提高了5.4%和6.0%;组2、3、4试验组的料重比与对照组相比均有明显的降低,其中组3生长猪的料重比极显著降低(P<0.01),比对照组降低了9.9%,组2和组4分别降低了5.7%和4.2%,这说明组3日粮显著提高了生长育肥猪的饲料转化率,有助于经济效益的提高。试验也意外地观察到添加本发明的益生素复合预混料日粮组的猪精神充沛,拉稀等异常情况较少,体观较好。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明技术原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,其特征在于:每千克预混料中含有:维生素A 0.30-0.40g、维生素D3 4.0-5.0g、维生素E3.2-4.0g、维生素K3 0.18-0.25g、维生素B1 0.30-0.50g、维生素B20.30-0.70g、维生素B6 0.15-0.25g、维生素B12 2-3mg、烟酸0.10-0.40g、泛酸1.0-3.0g、叶酸0.05-0.10g、生物素10-18mg、赖氨酸140g、硫酸亚铁30-40g、硫酸铜10-15g、硫酸锌12-22g、碘化钾0.08-0.23g、氯化钴0.3-0.6g、亚硒酸钠0.1-0.18g、有机铁15-25g、有机铜5-10g、有机锌6-25g、有机锰2-10g、复合微生态制剂100-150g、氯化胆碱60-100g、丁酸钠30-50g、抗氧化剂3g、沸石粉200g,余量为麸皮。
2.如权利要求1所述的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,其特征在于,每千克预混料中含有:维生素A 0.35g、维生素D3 4.2g、维生素E 3.7g、维生素K3 0.21g、维生素B1 0.38g、维生素B20.65g、维生素B6 0.18g、维生素B12 2.7mg、烟酸0.10g、泛酸2.0g、叶酸0.05g、生物素14mg、赖氨酸140g、硫酸亚铁32g、硫酸铜13g、硫酸锌18g、碘化钾0.15g、氯化钴0.4g、亚硒酸钠0.12g、有机铁17g、有机铜7g、有机锌14g、有机锰9g、复合微生态制剂120g、氯化胆碱90g、丁酸钠40g、抗氧化剂3g、沸石粉200g,余量为麸皮。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,其特征在于,所述的抗氧化剂为乙氧基喹啉。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,其特征在于,所述的有机铁为蛋氨酸铁,所述的有机铜为赖氨酸铜,所述的有机锌为蛋氨酸锌,所述的有机锰为蛋氨酸锰。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,其特征在于,所述硫酸亚铁是一水硫酸亚铁,所述的硫酸铜是五水硫酸铜,所述的硫酸锰为一水硫酸锰。
6.如权利要求1~5任一项所述的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,其特征在于,所述的复合微生态制剂由枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillussubtilis)CGMCC No.6511、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)CGMCC No.6499和约氏乳杆菌(Lactobacillus johnsonii)CGMCCNo.4926及玉米芯粉组成,其重量配比为1:1:1:20。
7.如权利要求6所述的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料,其特征在于,所述预混料中益生菌的活菌数为108-109CFU/g。
8.含有权利要求1~7任一项所述的生长育肥猪用益生素复合预混料的配合料。
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