CN102919183A - Method for effectively inhibiting vibrio breeding in shrimp culture - Google Patents
Method for effectively inhibiting vibrio breeding in shrimp culture Download PDFInfo
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- CN102919183A CN102919183A CN2012104853979A CN201210485397A CN102919183A CN 102919183 A CN102919183 A CN 102919183A CN 2012104853979 A CN2012104853979 A CN 2012104853979A CN 201210485397 A CN201210485397 A CN 201210485397A CN 102919183 A CN102919183 A CN 102919183A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for effectively inhibiting vibrio breeding in shrimp culture. According to the method, an organic carbon substance is artificially added, the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio in a water body is adjusted, the amount of heterotrophic bacteria in a water environment is increased, microbes are used for assimilating inorganic nitrogen to convert culture metabolites such as ammonia nitrogen in the water body into self components of bacteria, the self components of bacteria are flocculated into particulate matters by the bacteria, and the particulate matters are ingested by cultured organisms, so that the effect of effectively inhibiting vibrio breeding in shrimp culture is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, exactly refer to the method for vibrios breeding in a kind of establishment prawn culturing.
Background technology
Therefore vibrios (vibrio) is one of bacterium monoid common in the marine environment, and the adaptability that this bacterioid tool is very strong and resistance become the dominant population of briny environment, especially preponderate with vibrio alginolyticus, vibrio parahaemolytious, Vibrio anguillarum etc.At present, the 9th edition " uncle Jie Shi bacteriology handbook has been included 35 kinds of vibrio bacteriums.Develop rapidly along with propagating artificially, cultivation waters ecological change, vibriosis has become one of main bacterial disease of marine cultured animal.
Be to cultivate bacteriosis generally popular in the aquatic livestocks such as fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish and that harm is maximum all over the world by the bacterial vibriosis of vibrio (Vibrio) (Vibriosis), caused serious economic loss for the aquatic products aquaculture.It is reported, Vibrio anguillarum in the vibrio, vibrio parahaemolytious etc. are preponderated in the vibrios population, extensively be present in the nature seawater, cause vibriosis to occur in the whole world, and have popular wide, the incidence of disease is high, harm is large, the lethality high, has caused tremendous influence to the cultivation of the seawater animals such as fish, shrimp, crab and shellfish.
Be referred to as vibriosis by the disease that Vibrio anguillarum, extra large vibrios, vibrio alginolyticus and vibrio parahaemolytious cause.The common bacteriosis of prawn has prawn young bacteremia, fin rot, red leg disease, mashed illness in eye etc., its main pathogen is vibrios, pseudomonad, Aeromonas etc., many kinds of bacteriums of vibrionaceae wherein, it is the important pathogen that causes prawn bacterioid disease, and as the flora of being everlasting in the seawater, vibrios also is present in the body of healthy shell-fish individuality, and Gomez etc. have reported in the liver pancreas of Penaeus vannamei may exist Vibrio.The quantity of vibrios is 10 in water
3-10
4CFU/mL(CFU/mL: in the time of the bacterial community sum that contains in every ml sample), the red leg disease symptom of prawn obviously increases the weight of.Find out by contrast, the quantity of vibrios has certain relation in the occurring degree of prawn and death condition and the shrimp pool water.Have research to think, the amount of vibrio in water reaches 10
4During CFU/mL, prawn just may infected morbidity.
In the middle of the production, owing to needing the quantity of fast detecting vibrios, can often utilizing the sucrose in the medium to be divided into, vibrios that can decomposing sucrose presents yellow, and vibrios that can not decomposing sucrose presents green, and simply being divided into is yellow bacterium, green bacterium and fluorescens strain.
At present, the traditional method of control vibriosis penaeus can take the measures such as water body disinfection, water quality and substrate improvement, endo-medicine and interpolation immunopotentiator to prevent, the first-selection that antibiotic is treated often, the biologic products such as bacillus also are the common methods of control vibrios.The method of sterilization often allows the vibrios bounce-back more severe, also has the sudden change of some drug resistance strains so that Disinfection Effect is poor time by time.Water quality and substrate improvement mainly are from water quality physical and chemical factor aspects, often cure the symptoms, not the disease; Immunopotentiator for oral administration is also because the characteristic of ingesting of shrimp causes part to be lost in the water, and really entering in the shrimp body also is a unknown number; Antibiotic use not only causes the pesticide resistance of bacterium, and, along with more and more coming into one's own of food security is eliminated at last, so the breeding of this method control vibrios has environmental protection, green, efficiently, also can not produce the characteristics such as drug resistance.
Summary of the invention
For defects, the technical problem that the present invention solves is to provide the method for vibrios breeding in a kind of establishment prawn culturing, the vibrios in can the establishment prawn culturing.
In order to solve above technical problem, the method for vibrios breeding in the establishment prawn culturing provided by the invention may further comprise the steps:
(1), puts in order, sterilizes, sterilization after the cultivating pool arrangement; Be exposed to the sun in the empty pool, then available chlorine 25g/m is used in water inlet
3Concentration process more than 6 hours aeration;
(2), adjust the C/N ratio of water body, aeration adds carbon source 8g/m every day
3, protein content is at the prawn slice 4g/m more than 45%
3, the DO of water body is not less than 5 ~ 6g/m
3
(3), after 4 ~ 5 days, transparency can be tried the water and put seedling at 40 ~ 50cm, 24 hours, survival rate can put seedling more than 95%, put seedling density look the hardware condition difference can 1000 ~ 10000/square metre;
(4), regulate C/N ratio, the content of monitoring vibrios, when the quantity of vibrios surpasses 4 orders of magnitude, the addition of carbon is brought up to the forage volume of throwing something and feeding 1.2 ~ 1.5 times; If amount of vibrio is when 2 ~ 4 orders of magnitude, the addition of carbon is 1.0 ~ 1.2 times of forage volume of throwing something and feeding; If amount of vibrio 2 below the order of magnitude and luminous Vibrio be 0 o'clock, the addition of carbon is the getting final product below 0.5 times of forage volume of throwing something and feeding;
(5), cultivation 30 days, the seedling specification is at 0.3 ~ 1.0g/ tail, can divide and dredge culture pond, culture pond can be adjusted C/N ratio according to detecting vibrios content equally, greatly improves the cultivation success rate;
(6), cultivate with conventional method after dividing seedling:
A, every day are according to the situation of the ingesting increase and decrease inventory of shrimp;
B, per seven days additional bacillus;
Before c, the Changes in weather, before bad weather arrives, spill anti-stress vitamin C 3 ~ 5g/m
3
Preferably, in the step (2), carbon source is a kind of or combination in brown sugar, molasses or the glucose, and nitrogenous source is the thick special-purpose prawn slice of ecological mark.
Preferably, in the step (3), put seedling same day, throw special-purpose penaeus vannamei boone feed, 1 jin/100,000 tails, 6 meal, per four hours a meal, according to the situation of ingesting, every day reinforced 10 ~ 20%.
Preferably, in the step (5), before the preparation on minute seedling pool is put seedling with reference to the thick pool of mark, divide the seedling pool and mark thick pool exchanged water to dwindle the gap between two pools, front 5 days of minute seedling is marked the thick pool shrimp seedling medicine that improves immunity for oral administration, stop material in front 1 day, select the shelling interval of shrimp to divide seedling.
Preferably, the salinity range of marking water in the thick pool is 3 ‰-30 ‰.
Compared with prior art, the method for vibrios breeding in the establishment prawn culturing provided by the invention, the vibrios in can the establishment prawn culturing.
Embodiment
For those skilled in the art can understand technical scheme provided by the present invention better, set forth below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The method of vibrios breeding in the establishment prawn culturing that the embodiment of the invention provides may further comprise the steps:
(1), puts in order, sterilizes, sterilization after the cultivating pool arrangement; Be exposed to the sun in the empty pool, then available chlorine 25g/m is used in water inlet
3Concentration process more than 6 hours aeration;
(2), adjust the C/N ratio of water body, aeration adds carbon source 8g/m every day
3, protein content is at the prawn slice 4g/m more than 45%
3, the DO of water body is not less than 5 ~ 6g/m
3
(3), after 4 ~ 5 days, transparency can be tried the water and put seedling at 40 ~ 50cm, 24 hours, survival rate can put seedling more than 95%, put seedling density look the hardware condition difference can 1000 ~ 10000/square metre;
(4), regulate C/N ratio, the content of monitoring vibrios, when the quantity of vibrios surpasses 4 orders of magnitude, the addition of carbon is brought up to the forage volume of throwing something and feeding 1.2 ~ 1.5 times; If amount of vibrio is when 2 ~ 4 orders of magnitude, the addition of carbon is 1.0 ~ 1.2 times of forage volume of throwing something and feeding; If amount of vibrio 2 below the order of magnitude and luminous Vibrio be 0 o'clock, the addition of carbon is the getting final product below 0.5 times of forage volume of throwing something and feeding;
(5), cultivation 30 days, the seedling specification is at 0.3 ~ 1.0g/ tail, can divide and dredge culture pond, culture pond can be adjusted C/N ratio according to detecting vibrios content equally, greatly improves the cultivation success rate;
(6), cultivate with conventional method after dividing seedling:
A, every day are according to the situation of the ingesting increase and decrease inventory of shrimp;
B, per seven days additional bacillus;
Before c, the Changes in weather, before bad weather arrives, spill anti-stress vitamin C 3 ~ 5g/m
3
In the step (2), carbon source is a kind of or combination in brown sugar, molasses or the glucose, and nitrogenous source is the thick special-purpose prawn slice of ecological mark.
In the step (3), put seedling same day, throw special-purpose penaeus vannamei boone feed, 1 jin/100,000 tails, 6 meal, per four hours a meal, according to the situation of ingesting, every day reinforced 10 ~ 20%.
In the step (5), before the preparation on minute seedling pool is put seedling with reference to the thick pool of mark, minute seedling pool and mark thick pool exchanged water to dwindle the gap between two pools, front 5 days of minute seedling is marked the thick pool shrimp seedling medicine that improves immunity for oral administration, and front 1 day stops material, selects the shelling interval of shrimp to divide seedling.
The salinity range of marking water in the thick pool is 3 ‰-30 ‰, evidence in this scope, and the salinity of marking the water in the thick pool is higher, and the survival rate of shrimp seedling is also higher, and effect is better.
As follows after the arrangement:
Through significance analysis, from specification, success rate, survival rate, four indexs of feed coefficient, glucose and brown sugar all difference are not remarkable, from specification glucose and brown sugar less than control group, but success rate is much larger than control group, and difference is (p＜0.01) extremely significantly; Survival rate is higher than control group and surpasses 30%, significant difference; But feed coefficient three difference is little.
The thick method of the ecological mark of 1-6,7-12 is traditional cultural method: sterilization in 7 days once, the detoxifcation medicine of the lower tartaric acid class in rear 48 hours of sterilizing, 48 hours lower bacillus biologic products.As can be seen from the above table, in traditional cultivation way, after the sterilization, vibrios can reach a relatively low level, but since the time of a vibrios breeding generation than short many of the time of bacillus, so it is bad to utilize bacillus to suppress the effect of vibrios, some water body is bad control, be easy to allow vibrios become the breeding that dominant population has suppressed bacillus, corrode prawn, cause cultivate unsuccessfully, such as 9,10,12 when cultivating by 14 ~ 15 days, the vibrios amount reproduction is considerably beyond 10
4, surpassed especially 10 in the prawn body
7, caused prawn liver pancreas impaired, the empty stomach of jejunum cultivates unsuccessfully.But 3 pools cultivation failure in 23 days with this method causes because negligent supervision DO is low, not in the discussion scope.
The theory support of the method for vibrios breeding in the establishment prawn culturing that the embodiment of the invention provides:
This method originates from the activated sludge process of urban sewage, is the inorganic nitrogen assimilation process of microorganism, and ammonia nitrogen etc. is changed into bacterial components.According to formula: NH4
++ 1.18C
6H
12O
6+ HCO
3 -+ 2.06O
2→ C
5H
7O
2N+6.06H
2O+3.07CO
2As can be known, the mineralized nitrogen of every g is the dissolved oxygen that bacterium need to consume 4.71g, 3.57g basicity (0.86g DIC) and 15.17g carbohydrate (6.07g organic carbon).Reaction can generate the bacterium living beings body (4.29g organic carbon) of 8.07g and the carbonic acid gas (DIC of 2.63g) of 9.65g.The present invention is by the organic carbonizable substance of artificial interpolation, regulate the C/N ratio of water body, improve the quantity of heterotrophic bacteria in the water environment, utilize the microbial assimilation inorganic nitrogen, the cultivation metabolites such as ammonia nitrogen in the water body are changed into the bacterium self component, and flocculate into particulate matter by bacterium and ingested by aquaculture organism, play the effect of regulation and control water quality, promotion Cycle of nutrients, reduction feed coefficient, raising aquaculture organism survival rate.Studies show that, biological flocculation is the bacterium granule that is mutually flocculated and formed by bacterial community, plankton, organic debris and some polymeric materials.
It is generally acknowledged that the C/N ratio in the bacterial cell is about 5, the C/N in the raising pond waters is than the breeding that will be conducive to bacterium self; And make Chi Shuizhong take the bacterium of certainly nourishing one's nature as main system transition as heterotrophic bacteria as main system, simultaneously can be with the heterotrophic bacteria sum from 10
4CFU/mL brings up to 10
7CFU/mL.The raising of heterotrophic bacteria quantity, breeding that can the establishment vibrios.C/N in the raising pond waters is than the breeding that will be conducive to bacterium self; And make Chi Shuizhong take the bacterium of certainly nourishing one's nature as main system transition as heterotrophic bacteria as main system, can be with the heterotrophic bacteria sum from 10
4CFU/mL brings up to 10
7CFU/mL, establishment vibrios, particularly growing of green bacterium and fluorescens strain, thus greatly reduce the infringement of prawn body.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be apparent concerning those skilled in the art, and General Principle as defined herein can be in the situation that do not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention, in other embodiments realization.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet the widest scope consistent with principle disclosed herein and features of novelty.
Claims (5)
1. the method for vibrios breeding in the establishment prawn culturing is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1), puts in order, sterilizes, sterilization after the cultivating pool arrangement; Be exposed to the sun in the empty pool, then available chlorine 25g/m is used in water inlet
3Concentration process more than 6 hours aeration;
(2), adjust the C/N ratio of water body, aeration adds carbon source 8g/m every day
3, protein content is at the prawn slice 4g/m more than 45%
3, the DO of water body is not less than 5 ~ 6g/m
3
(3), after 4 ~ 5 days, transparency can be tried the water and put seedling at 40 ~ 50cm, 24 hours, survival rate can put seedling more than 95%, put seedling density look the hardware condition difference can 1000 ~ 10000/square metre;
(4), regulate C/N ratio, the content of monitoring vibrios, when the quantity of vibrios surpasses 4 orders of magnitude, the addition of carbon is brought up to the forage volume of throwing something and feeding 1.2 ~ 1.5 times; If amount of vibrio is when 2 ~ 4 orders of magnitude, the addition of carbon is 1.0 ~ 1.2 times of forage volume of throwing something and feeding; If amount of vibrio 2 below the order of magnitude and luminous Vibrio be 0 o'clock, the addition of carbon is the getting final product below 0.5 times of forage volume of throwing something and feeding;
(5), cultivation 30 days, the seedling specification is at 0.3 ~ 1.0g/ tail, can divide and dredge culture pond, culture pond can be adjusted C/N ratio according to detecting vibrios content equally, greatly improves the cultivation success rate;
(6), cultivate with conventional method after dividing seedling.
2. the method for vibrios breeding in the establishment prawn culturing according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (2), carbon source is a kind of or combination in brown sugar, molasses or the glucose, and nitrogenous source is the thick special-purpose prawn slice of ecological mark.
3. the method for vibrios breeding in the establishment prawn culturing according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the step (3), puts seedling same day, throw special-purpose penaeus vannamei boone feed, 1 jin/100,000 tails, 6 meal, per four hours a meal, according to the situation of ingesting, every day reinforced 10 ~ 20%.
4. the method that vibrios breeds in the establishment prawn culturing according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the step (5), before the preparation on minute seedling pool is put seedling with reference to the thick pool of mark, divide the seedling pool and mark thick pool exchanged water to dwindle the gap between two pools, front 5 days of minute seedling is marked the thick pool shrimp seedling medicine that improves immunity for oral administration, stop material in front 1 day, select the shelling interval of shrimp to divide seedling.
5. the method for vibrios breeding in the establishment prawn culturing according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the salinity range of marking water in the thick pool is 3 ‰-30 ‰.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104770600A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-07-15 | 烟台大乐饲料有限公司 | Special penaeus orientalis functional biological feed in the thickness marking period |
| CN105210975A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-01-06 | 广东海洋大学 | The processing method in the sick pond of prawn Vibrio luminous |
| CN108184734A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-22 | 正丰源生物科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei high-efficiency breeding method |
| CN108522381A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-14 | 广州普麟生物制品有限公司 | A kind of closed zero-emission batch production culture of Penaeus vannamei method |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104770600A (en) * | 2015-04-10 | 2015-07-15 | 烟台大乐饲料有限公司 | Special penaeus orientalis functional biological feed in the thickness marking period |
| CN105210975A (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2016-01-06 | 广东海洋大学 | The processing method in the sick pond of prawn Vibrio luminous |
| CN105210975B (en) * | 2015-11-05 | 2017-07-28 | 广东海洋大学 | The processing method in prawn Vibrio luminous disease pond |
| CN108184734A (en) * | 2018-01-10 | 2018-06-22 | 正丰源生物科技（苏州）有限公司 | A kind of Penaeus Vannmei high-efficiency breeding method |
| CN108522381A (en) * | 2018-04-19 | 2018-09-14 | 广州普麟生物制品有限公司 | A kind of closed zero-emission batch production culture of Penaeus vannamei method |
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|---|---|
| CN102919183B (en) | 2014-03-26 |
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