CN105210975A - The processing method in the sick pond of prawn Vibrio luminous - Google Patents
The processing method in the sick pond of prawn Vibrio luminous Download PDFInfo
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- AYIRNRDRBQJXIF-NXEZZACHSA-N (-)-Florfenicol Chemical compound CS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C([C@@H](O)[C@@H](CF)NC(=O)C(Cl)Cl)C=C1 AYIRNRDRBQJXIF-NXEZZACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 231100000225 lethality Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium bisulfate Chemical compound [K+].OS([O-])(=O)=O CHKVPAROMQMJNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the processing method in the sick pond of a kind of prawn Vibrio luminous.The inventive method is the ecosystem characterization according to pond Vibrio luminous; to the pond of prawn Vibrio luminous disease that the dead initial stage occurs; while desalination pond waters salinity; disinfectant is utilized to suppress Vibrio luminous; and discharge propagation in dead shrimp minimizing pond in time, and timely protection water colour and prawn, finally reach all suppression pond pathogens; to the process completed pond, be conducive to prawn health and ingest growth.The inventive method selects novel disinfectant, compares and adopts traditional antibacterials, greatly can reduce the interference to water body physical and chemical factor, algae, prawn growth.The inventive method has efficiently, low toxicity, and the additive residence time is short, affect little feature to algae and water.Pond treatment method of the present invention, also may be used for preventing and treating and process other pathogenetic ponds of vibrios needing the vibrios of certain salinity ability normal growth to cause.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of processing method of cultivating pool, specifically a kind of pond treatment method of prawn Vibrio luminous disease, belongs to aquaculture processing technology field.
Background technology
Vibrio luminous disease is the disease that the common harm in marine cultivation region is large.What shrimp common in seawater prawn culturing caused a disease that Vibrio luminous belongs to vibrio (Vibrio) has Vibrio harveyi (Vibrioharveyi), beautiful vibrios biotype I (V.splendidusbiotypeI), Fermi operator (V.fischeri) and Mediterranean vibrios (V.mediterranei) etc.The fall ill outside of belly of cephalothorax, belly before this of adult fluoresces, and time serious, whole body is luminous, causes the yellow gill, corpus hemorrhagicum, the enlargement of liver pancreas, rubescent, the clinical symptoms such as to turn white.Have onset speed fast, lethality rate is higher, all can cause disease, be most commonly in 35 ~ 55 days that cultivate after putting seedling in culture of Penaeus vannamei in prawn seed-rearing, cultivation different phase.
Treatment for Vibrio luminous disease normally adopts various antibacterials.Various antibacterials are all effective to this vibrios of suppression, the wherein antibiotic such as Florfenicol, the mode such as to disinfect has certain effect, but, in the morbidity of Penaeus Vannmei cultivating large area, these measures produce little effect, and Vibrio luminous disease is caused a long delay, can not be completely cured for a long time, one has unfavorable conditions, just break out massive mortality, cause secondary disease as generations such as virus diseases simultaneously, and eventually can not continue cultivation.
Trace it to its cause, mainly contain following some: 1) prawn ingests disease shrimp and dead shrimp, the a large amount of disposable infection of cause of disease, reason is the habit that prawn kills and devour mutually, disposable killing and devouring is made just to have a large amount of pathogen to enter health or the slight prawn of the state of an illness like this, disease is intensification rapidly, and treatment is completely cured becomes impossible; 2) aquatic animal medicine throw in and feed efficiency extremely low, most of medicine can not effectively enter in prawn body, but is dissolved in water body; 3) ill prawn ingests extreme difference, and medicine of ingesting is also less, and this just causes an important technical problem, and the medicine of anti-bacteria may be optimal treatment mode by the mode of water body bath medicine; 4) drug resistance to throwing in medicine is easily produced; 5) even if by the mode of dipping, make a certain amount of medicine arrive in animal body, its result for the treatment of still can not reach and significantly reduce dead result; Therefore, research ecological condition and water body physico chemical factor suppress cause of disease to be necessary; 6) use disinfectant more than 2 times, water ecosystem all destroys, and growth of pathogenic bacteria concentration increases, and it is important for how restoring ecological condition physics and chemistry level in time; 7) dead prawn is the larger individuality that growth is fast, and long-time dead (stealing dead), makes culture benefit lose; 8) processing procedure or lysis delay time oversize (10-30 day), the simultaneously acute variation of water body physico chemical factor, causes the shell of prawn, serious hindrance of ingesting, and causes problem.
Existing Penaeus Vannmei Vibrio luminous disease processing mode, does not reach effective treatment, can not be completely cured, so most pathogenic infection outbreak disease, all with failure, does not control, abandons terminating, the lighter object not going up prevention and again show effect.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the processing method in the sick pond of a kind of prawn Vibrio luminous, the method is the ecosystem characterization according to pond Vibrio luminous, to being in the pond of having infected the prawn Vibrio luminous disease initial stage, by desalinating pond waters salinity, adding disinfectant suppression Vibrio luminous, discharging in dead shrimp minimizing pond in time and propagate, timely protection water colour and prawn, realize all suppressing to the pathogen in pond, obtain the breeding environment of the healthy growth of ingesting of prawn; The method can reduce the interference to water body physical and chemical factor, algae, prawn growth greatly, has efficient, low toxicity, and the additive residence time is short, affect little feature to algae and water.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: the processing method in the sick pond of a kind of prawn Vibrio luminous, comprises the steps:
(1) in prawn culturing pond, find that prawn Vibrio luminous disease starts, after having the dead or prawn of prawn to float, first draining, in 6 hours water level arrange low to middle part at the bottom of pond 60-80cm; In reduction water level process, the whole aerators in pond are opened and rotates, the prawn complete liquidation of death on the same day is gone out pond, and floating prawn is pulled out pond; Death and floating prawn are concentrated and destroys;
(2) in the pond of above-mentioned reduction water level, throw in the epsom salt of 1 ~ 2kg/ mu rice immediately, then throw in food-grade citric acid 100g/ mu rice, food-grade malic acid 100g/ mu rice;
(3) ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate sheet disinfectant 100 ~ 250g/ mu rice of input 98% is continued after 1h;
(4) after adding disinfectant, open aerator and rotate 1 ~ 2h, add fresh water, add fresh water time controling at 12 ~ 24h, add fresh water to the water surface distance pond edge degree of depth 1 meter after 4 ~ 8h to pond, pond waters salinity reduces by 2 ~ 5 ‰;
(5), after pond water level gets back to the edge degree of depth 1 meter, successively sodium humate 600g/ mu is added, zeolite powder 10kg/ mu immediately; After 4 ~ 8h, throw in the epsom salt of 1 ~ 2kg/ mu rice, then throw in food-grade citric acid 100g/ mu rice, food-grade malic acid 100g/ mu rice; Throw in sodium bicarbonate 5kg/ mu rice, dolomite dust 25kg/ mu rice, makes water body water colour normal;
(6) detect water body ammonia nitrogen numerical value, as water body ammonia nitrogen numerical value >=0.8mg/L, throw in the zeolite powder 20kg/ mu rice of granularity 200 order, more than ammonia absorption value 100mg/L, and in the prawn feed of often eating input, increase the sucrose of bait 10%;
(7) during pond treatment, prawn according to normal management bait throwing in, the half-mature fish cream that the fresh flesh of fish adding bait 1% in bait is made, strengthening bait attractant, reduces prawn and to ingest dead prawn chance;
(8) while step (7), increase amino acid calcium in bait, vitamin, trace element, change water reduction salt except necessity and be outside one's consideration, reduce unnecessary stimulation, prevent prawn continuous husking;
(9) during pond treatment, concentrate dead shrimp in the middle part of pond by oxygenator in pond, draining in every 2 hours once, discharges dead shrimp simultaneously; Remove and fine and closely wovenly in the middle of pond anti-ly escape net, prevent shrimp shell and dead shrimp from stopping draining and discharging dead shrimp;
(10) after the process by above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (9), keep 48 ~ 72h, during this period, according to water colour, throw in amino acid fertilizer 1 ~ 2kg/ mu rice, phosphate 50 ~ 100g/ mu rice, maintain water body algae look;
Described pond should have mulch film, the closely square or circular the bottom of a pan, and salt-fresh water is convenient, and area 2 ~ 5 mu, is configured with aerator by 2/mu, can be rotated by aerator, drives current, powerful blowdown in the middle of pond; The cultivation density of every mouthful of pond input white leg Shrimp seedling is 10 ~ 150,000 tails/mu.
Further, during processing, Tilapia mossambica 15 ~ 20 tails/mu rice of 15 ~ 25 centimeter length through seawater acclimation can be thrown in pond.
Adopt the process of above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (9), when can not suppress prawn dead, need carry out the second process taken turns according to step (1) ~ (9) again, reduce salinity, control bacterium.Second when taking turns process, and disinfectant and the consumption thereof of exchonge step (3) are: 20% glutaral disinfectant solution 85 ~ 170ml/ mu rice, all the other operate same step (1) ~ (9).
As second takes turns the death that process still can not suppress prawn, then repeat the method for step (1) ~ (9), then carry out third round process, fourth round process, through two ~ tetra-process, until pond waters salinity is reduced to 3 ~ 5 ‰, keep cultivation.
When carrying out third round process, fourth round process, step (3) process of each process, need change a kind of disinfectant, preferred disinfectant and consumption thereof are following one: glutaral disinfectant solution 85 ~ 170ml/ mu rice of concentration 20% or the chlorine dioxide powder 100g ~ 150g/1000m of concentration 15%
3or 98% ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate tablet 100 ~ 250g/ mu rice.
Processing method of the present invention be suitable for water salinity > 5 ‰ and≤20 ‰, prawn culturing pond that Vibrio luminous disease occurs; Be not suitable for water salinity > 20 ‰ ,≤5 ‰, prawn culturing pond that Vibrio luminous disease occurs.
Processing method of the present invention is applicable to cultivate 30 ~ 45, the process grow 4 ~ 7 centimetres containing body, having infected Vibrio luminous, be in the cultivating pool of the prawn at period of disease initial stage.Processing method of the present invention is applicable to pond waters temperature in the pond of 28 ~ 35 DEG C, is not suitable for pond waters temperature in the pond of 23 ~ 28 DEG C.
Fresh water used herein should meet the breeding water requirement of water quality standard for fishery (GB11607-89).
The explanation of processing method of the present invention: the disease prawn infected by Vibrio luminous, disease is rapid.Early stage 1 ~ 3 day, prawn health transparency reduced, instability of ingesting, and bait is ingested minimizing, and now, the floating prawn that the pond water surface floats with starting myasthenia, pond has just started to occur dead shrimp, and every day can take out dead prawn 1 ~ 20 tail with square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports net in the middle part of every mouthful of pond.To dead prawn muscle and body fluid, liver is cultivated on the TCBS medium of the temperature 30 DEG C of salinity 20 degree vibrios, and observing in dark place has fluorescence.Adopt sustainable 15 ~ 20 days of the processing time of processing method of the present invention.Low-salinity 3 ~ 5 ‰ times, when prawn grows into 50 ~ 60 age in days, Vibrio luminous is all controlled in pond waters and prawn body.After method process of the present invention, pond waters and the Vibrio luminous of prawn organ in culture dish is cultivated are 0 counting, and the dead shrimp in pond does not exist, and does not have to float and unable shrimp of floating.
The disease that the present invention relates to, when starting, every mouthful of pond prawn mortality is about middle part square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports net tail every day 1 ~ 20, and after starting process, mortality should keep not increasing or reducing to after below 10 ‰ at water salinity gradually reducing.If fruit increases square-shaped fishing net with poles as supports net tail every day 20 ~ 50 or more in the middle part of mortality to every mouthful of pond, or be reduced to less than 5 ‰ at water salinity, continue to increase death, or at water salinity lower than 5 ‰, cultivation age in days was more than 55 days, still continue death, just must consider that secondary infection or other pathogen infections or water body chemical factors worsen or prawn physiological function major injuries evil, other processing modes unrelated to the invention should be taked.
The present invention utilizes disinfectant process water body, does not use antibacterials.Be have minimum interference to water body physical and chemical factor and algae, prawn to the requirement of disinfectant sterilization processing, or this interference can recover through conditioning rapidly.The present invention selected chlorine dioxide powder and the 20%(25% of 98% potassium acid sulfate complex salt pulvis, concentration more than 10%) content glutaraldehyde disinfectant, these disinfectants have novel, efficient, low toxicity, the feature that residence time is short, particularly little on algae and water impact, can recover rapidly by throwing in other articles for use.
Keep the effective measures of water body particularly marine culture water pH to be cultivate planktonic algae, and the lower breeding water body of salinity cultivates the raising water body basicity of the key of water colour, therefore the present invention takes the modes such as dolomite dust to cultivate water colour.
Pond treatment mode of the present invention, also may be used for preventing and treating other vibriosises needing the vibrios of certain salinity ability normal growth to cause, but the disease of prawn of virus infections is in this processing mode, easily be induced, therefore, the present invention to water temperature, lapsing to of disease of prawn, Cure, proposes requirement; Secondly clean water source is very important, otherwise under Low-salinity, some fresh water bacteria diseases also can cause problem; Reduce salinity rapidly besides, continuous sterilization process, prawn stress reaction is violent, notes protection, the rhythm repeated in control treatment and amplitude just very important.
Embodiment
Be described in further details the present invention below by embodiment, these embodiments are only used for the present invention is described, do not limit the scope of the invention.
The mulch pond of embodiment 12 mouthfuls of prawn culturings, area 5 mu, configure 10 aerators, salt water is sea area seawater, salinity 17 ~ 25 degree, and fresh water is the underground water of 150 meters, underground, meets the breeding water requirement of water quality standard for fishery (GB11607-89).Pond is middle blowdown.White leg Shrimp seedling 150,000 tails/mu is thrown in pond, and prawn density is high density culture type.
Cultivate 35, the prawn generation Vibrio luminous that body is long 4 ~ 7 centimetres is sick.Morbidity shrimp floats and unablely to float, and floating shrimp health is rubescent, root reddening, there is dead shrimp in the middle part of pond.The health in the dark visible fluorescence of dead shrimp.To prawn muscle and body fluid, liver is cultivated on salinity 20 degree of TCBS medium vibrios, and dark place is observed fluorescence.
Culture (oldly offers original text, Wu Shuqin, Shi Cunbin etc. according to " uncle Jie Shi Bacteria Identification handbook " the 9th edition, document " Isolation and ldentification of Epinephelus coioides pathogen (Vibrio harveyi) ", Chinese aquatic science, 11 (4): 313 ~ 317,2004), Vibrio harveyi is accredited as.
This, pond waters temperature was 28 ~ 35 DEG C of scopes in season.Cultivate morbidity pond waters salinity on the same day 17 ‰ on the 35th, brink depth 1.2 meters.Adopt this pond of following disposal methods:
(1) first draining, arranged water level low to middle part far from bottom 80cm in 6 hours, in reduction water level process, was rotated by whole aerator, whole prawns of death on the same day was cleaned out pond, and floating prawn is all pulled out pond; Dead and floating prawn is concentrated and destroys;
(2) epsom salt of 10kg is thrown in every mouthful of pond immediately, food-grade citric acid 500g, food-grade malic acid 500g;
98% ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate tablet 1000g is thrown in after (3) 1 hours; Aerator rotates 1h;
(4) add fresh water to pond after 4h, adding the fresh water time is about 12h, until the pond edge depth of water 1 meter, salinity is reduced to 12 ‰;
(5) every mouthful of pond adds sodium humate 3kg immediately, and zeolite powder 50kg, drops into respectively; After 4h, in the pond of every mouthful, throw in the epsom salt of 10kg, food-grade citric acid 1000g, food-grade malic acid 1000g, drops into respectively; Throw in sodium bicarbonate 25kg again, dolomite dust 100kg, check table open fire body basicity is normal, and micro algae growth is good;
(6) detect water body ammonia nitrogen value and show that water body ammonia nitrogen is 0.9mg/L, the zeolite powder 100kg of 200 order more than ammonia absorption value 100mg/L is thrown in every pond;
(7) during disease process, prawn according to normal management bait throwing in, the half-mature fish cream that the fresh flesh of fish adding bait 1% in bait is made;
(8) simultaneously in the bait of often eating input, increase the sucrose of 10% of bait, shell is precious admittedly for the amino acid calcium that adds of appropriateness, increases vitamin, trace element in right amount;
(9) oxygenator in pond concentrates dead shrimp in the middle part of pond, and draining in every 2 hours once, discharges dead shrimp simultaneously;
(10) keep this kind of situation 48h, during this period, according to water colour, amino acid fertilizer 5kg is thrown in every pond, phosphate 500g, maintains water body algae look;
(11) after 48h, repeat step 1 ~ 9 beginning second and take turns reduction water level, repeat step 1 ~ 9 and process pond, when carrying out step 3, every pond uses 20% glutaral disinfectant solution 850ml to sterilize, and entering fresh water reduction salinity is 8 ‰, and all the other operations are identical;
(12) again after recovery water levelx, keep 72 hours, third round reduces water level, repeats step 1 ~ 9 and processes pond, and when carrying out step 3, every pond uses input 98% ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate tablet 1000g sterilization, and adding fresh water, to reduce salinity be 3 ‰, and all the other operations are identical;
(13) Low-salinity 3 ‰ is kept to cultivate 15, Vibrio luminous is controlled in pond waters, prawn body, and the Vibrio luminous cultivation being embodied in water body and prawn organ is 0, and the dead shrimp in pond does not exist, do not have to float and unable shrimp of floating, ingest and grow normal.
When starting, each pond prawn lethal dose is about 1 ~ 20 tail, and after starting process, mortality keeps not increasing, and reduces to after below 10 ‰ gradually reduce at water salinity.The method of the present embodiment, by adopting disinfectant anti-bacteria concentration, controls illness outbreak, reduces the salinity of pond waters during this period, cultivate water colour, make Vibrio luminous lose the primary condition of its growth and breeding, thus disease is controlled and treats.
The mulch pond of embodiment 22 mouthfuls of prawn culturings, area 4 mu, configure 8 aerators, salt water is sea area seawater, salinity 17 ~ 25 degree, and fresh water is the underground water of 150 meters, underground, meets the breeding water requirement of water quality standard for fishery (GB11607-89).Pond is middle blowdown.White leg Shrimp seedling 100,000 tails/mu is thrown in pond, and prawn density is high density culture type.
Cultivate 40, the prawn generation Vibrio luminous that body is long 4 ~ 7 centimetres is sick.Morbidity shrimp floats and unablely to float, and floating shrimp health is rubescent, root reddening, there is dead shrimp in the middle part of pond.The health in the dark visible fluorescence of dead shrimp.To prawn muscle and body fluid, liver is cultivated on salinity 20 degree of TCBS medium vibrios, and dark place is observed fluorescence.Through qualification, culture is Vibrio harveyi.
This, pond waters temperature was 28 ~ 35 DEG C of scopes in season.Cultivate morbidity pond waters salinity on the same day 15 ‰ on the 40th, brink depth 1.0 meters.Adopt this pond of following disposal methods:
(1) in prawn culturing pond, find that prawn Vibrio luminous disease starts, after having the dead or prawn of prawn to float, first draining, in 6 hours water level arrange low to middle part at the bottom of pond 70cm; In reduction water level process, the whole aerators in pond are opened and rotates, the prawn complete liquidation of death on the same day is gone out pond, and floating prawn is pulled out pond; Death and floating prawn are concentrated and destroys;
(2) in the pond of above-mentioned reduction water level, throw in the epsom salt of 4kg immediately, then throw in food-grade citric acid 400g, food-grade malic acid 400g;
(3) the ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate sheet disinfectant 800g of input 98% is continued after 1h;
(4) after adding disinfectant, open aerator and rotate 2h, add fresh water, add fresh water time controling at 12 ~ 24h, add fresh water to the water surface distance pond edge degree of depth 1 meter after 4h to pond, pond waters salinity reduces by 2 ~ 5 ‰;
(5), after pond water level gets back to the edge degree of depth 1 meter, successively sodium humate 600g is added, zeolite powder 40kg immediately; After 6h, throw in the epsom salt of 32kg, then throw in food-grade citric acid 400g, food-grade malic acid 400g; Throw in sodium bicarbonate 20kg, dolomite dust 100kg, makes water body water colour normal;
(6) detect water body ammonia nitrogen numerical value >=0.8mg/L, throw in the zeolite powder 80kg of granularity 200 order, more than ammonia absorption value 100mg/L, and in the prawn feed of often eating input, increase the sucrose of bait 10%;
(7) during pond treatment, prawn according to normal management bait throwing in, the half-mature fish cream that the fresh flesh of fish adding bait 1% in bait is made, strengthening bait attractant, reduces prawn and to ingest dead prawn chance;
(8) while step (7), increase amino acid calcium in bait, vitamin, trace element, change water reduction salt except necessity and be outside one's consideration, reduce unnecessary stimulation, prevent prawn continuous husking;
(9) during pond treatment, concentrate dead shrimp in the middle part of pond by oxygenator in pond, draining in every 2 hours once, discharges dead shrimp simultaneously; Remove and fine and closely wovenly in the middle of pond anti-ly escape net, prevent shrimp shell and dead shrimp from stopping draining and discharging dead shrimp;
(10) keep this kind of situation 40h, during this period, according to water colour, amino acid fertilizer 4kg is thrown in every pond, phosphate 400g, maintains water body algae look;
(11), after 48h, repeat step 1 ~ 9 beginning second and take turns reduction water level, repeat step 1 ~ 9 and process pond, when carrying out step 3, every pond makes the chlorine dioxide powder 100g ~ 150g/1000m of concentration 15%
3sterilization, entering fresh water reduction salinity is 8 ‰, and all the other operations are identical;
(12) again after recovery water levelx, keep 72 hours, third round reduces water level, repeat step 1 ~ 9 and process pond, when carrying out step 3, every pond uses the sterilization of input 98% ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate tablet 100g/ mu rice, adding fresh water reduction salinity is 3 ‰, and all the other operations are identical;
(13) Low-salinity 3 ‰ is kept to cultivate 15, Vibrio luminous is controlled in pond waters, prawn body, and the Vibrio luminous cultivation being embodied in water body and prawn organ is 0, and the dead shrimp in pond does not exist, do not have to float and unable shrimp of floating, ingest and grow normal.
The mulch pond of embodiment 32 mouthfuls of prawn culturings, area 3 mu, configure 6 aerators, salt water is sea area seawater, salinity 17 ~ 25 degree, and fresh water is the underground water of 150 meters, underground, meets the breeding water requirement of water quality standard for fishery (GB11607-89).Pond is middle blowdown.White leg Shrimp seedling 120,000 tails/mu is thrown in pond, and prawn density is high density culture type.
Cultivate 30, the prawn generation Vibrio luminous that body is long 4 ~ 7 centimetres is sick.Morbidity shrimp floats and unablely to float, and floating shrimp health is rubescent, root reddening, there is dead shrimp in the middle part of pond.The health in the dark visible fluorescence of dead shrimp.To prawn muscle and body fluid, liver is cultivated on salinity 20 degree of TCBS medium vibrios, and dark place is observed fluorescence.Through qualification, culture is Vibrio harveyi.
This, pond waters temperature was 28 ~ 35 DEG C of scopes in season.Cultivate morbidity pond waters salinity on the same day 12 ‰ on the 30th, brink depth 1.1 meters.Adopt this pond of following disposal methods:
(1) in prawn culturing pond, find that prawn Vibrio luminous disease starts, after having the dead or prawn of prawn to float, first draining, in 6 hours water level arrange low to middle part at the bottom of pond 60cm; In reduction water level process, the whole aerators in pond are opened and rotates, the prawn complete liquidation of death on the same day is gone out pond, and floating prawn is pulled out pond; Death and floating prawn are concentrated and destroys;
(2) in the pond of above-mentioned reduction water level, throw in the epsom salt of 6kg immediately, then throw in food-grade citric acid 300g, food-grade malic acid 300g;
(3) the ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate sheet disinfectant 750g of input 98% is continued after 1h;
(4) after adding disinfectant, open aerator and rotate 1.5h, add fresh water, add fresh water time controling at 12 ~ 24h, add fresh water to the water surface distance pond edge degree of depth 1 meter after 8h to pond, pond waters salinity reduces by 2 ~ 5 ‰;
(5), after pond water level gets back to the edge degree of depth 1 meter, successively sodium humate 600g is added, zeolite powder 30kg immediately; After 8h, throw in the epsom salt of 3kg, then throw in food-grade citric acid 300g, food-grade malic acid 300g; Throw in sodium bicarbonate 15kg, dolomite dust 75kg, makes water body water colour normal;
(6) detect water body ammonia nitrogen numerical value, water body ammonia nitrogen numerical value >=0.8mg/L, throw in the zeolite powder 60kg of granularity 200 order, more than ammonia absorption value 100mg/L, and in the prawn feed of often eating input, increase the sucrose of bait 10%;
(7) during pond treatment, prawn according to normal management bait throwing in, the half-mature fish cream that the fresh flesh of fish adding bait 1% in bait is made, strengthening bait attractant, reduces prawn and to ingest dead prawn chance;
(8) while step (7), increase amino acid calcium in bait, vitamin, trace element, change water reduction salt except necessity and be outside one's consideration, reduce unnecessary stimulation, prevent prawn continuous husking;
(9) during pond treatment, concentrate dead shrimp in the middle part of pond by oxygenator in pond, draining in every 2 hours once, discharges dead shrimp simultaneously; Remove and fine and closely wovenly in the middle of pond anti-ly escape net, prevent shrimp shell and dead shrimp from stopping draining and discharging dead shrimp;
(10) keep this kind of situation 72h, during this period, according to water colour, amino acid fertilizer 6kg is thrown in every pond, phosphate 300g, maintains water body algae look;
(11) after 48h, repetition step 1 ~ 9 start second and take turns reduction water level, repeat step 1 ~ 9 and process pond, and when carrying out step 3, every pond uses 20% glutaral disinfectant solution 85 ~ 170ml/ mu rice sterilization, and entering fresh water reduction salinity is 8 ‰, and all the other operations are identical;
(12) again after recovery water levelx, keep 72 hours, third round reduces water level, repeat step 1 ~ 9 and process pond, when carrying out step 3, every pond uses the sterilization of input 98% ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate tablet 250g/ mu rice, adding fresh water reduction salinity is 3 ‰, and all the other operations are identical;
(13) Low-salinity 3 ‰ is kept to cultivate 15, Vibrio luminous is controlled in pond waters, prawn body, and the Vibrio luminous cultivation being embodied in water body and prawn organ is 0, and the dead shrimp in pond does not exist, do not have to float and unable shrimp of floating, ingest and grow normal.
Claims (7)
1. the processing method in the sick pond of prawn Vibrio luminous, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1) in prawn culturing pond, find that prawn Vibrio luminous disease starts, after having the dead or prawn of prawn to float, first draining, in 6 hours water level arrange low to middle part at the bottom of pond 60-80cm; In reduction water level process, the whole aerators in pond are opened and rotates, the prawn complete liquidation of death on the same day is gone out pond, and floating prawn is pulled out pond; Death and floating prawn are concentrated and destroys;
(2) in the pond of above-mentioned reduction water level, throw in the epsom salt of 1 ~ 2kg/ mu rice immediately, then throw in food-grade citric acid 100g/ mu rice, food-grade malic acid 100g/ mu rice;
(3) ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate sheet disinfectant 100 ~ 250g/ mu rice of input 98% is continued;
(4) after adding disinfectant, open aerator and rotate 1 ~ 2h, add fresh water, add fresh water time controling at 12 ~ 24h, add fresh water to the water surface distance pond edge degree of depth 1 meter after 4 ~ 8h to pond, pond waters salinity reduces by 2 ~ 5 ‰;
(5), after pond water level gets back to the edge degree of depth 1 meter, successively sodium humate 600g/ mu is added, zeolite powder 10kg/ mu immediately; After 4 ~ 8h, throw in the epsom salt of 1 ~ 2kg/ mu rice, then throw in food-grade citric acid 100g/ mu rice, food-grade malic acid 100g/ mu rice; Throw in sodium bicarbonate 5kg/ mu rice, dolomite dust 25kg/ mu rice, makes water body water colour normal;
(6) detect water body ammonia nitrogen numerical value, as water body ammonia nitrogen numerical value >=0.8mg/L, throw in the zeolite powder 20kg/ mu rice of granularity 200 order, more than ammonia absorption value 100mg/L, and in the prawn feed of often eating input, increase the sucrose of bait 10%;
(7) during pond treatment, prawn according to normal management bait throwing in, the half-mature fish cream that the fresh flesh of fish adding bait 1% in bait is made, strengthening bait attractant, reduces prawn and to ingest dead prawn chance;
(8) while step (7), increase amino acid calcium in bait, vitamin, trace element, change water reduction salt except necessity and be outside one's consideration, reduce unnecessary stimulation, prevent prawn continuous husking;
(9) during pond treatment, concentrate dead shrimp in the middle part of pond by oxygenator in pond, draining in every 2 hours once, discharges dead shrimp simultaneously; Remove and fine and closely wovenly in the middle of pond anti-ly escape net, prevent shrimp shell and dead shrimp from stopping draining and discharging dead shrimp;
(10) after the process by above-mentioned steps (1) ~ (9), keep 48 ~ 72h, during this period, according to water colour, throw in amino acid fertilizer 1 ~ 2kg/ mu rice, phosphate 50 ~ 100g/ mu rice, maintain water body algae look;
Described pond has mulch film, square or circular base, and salt-fresh water is convenient, and area 2 ~ 5 mu, is configured with aerator by 2/mu, can be rotated by aerator, drives current, powerful blowdown in the middle of pond; The cultivation density of every mouthful of pond input white leg Shrimp seedling is 10 ~ 150,000 tails/mu.
2. processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during pond treatment, throws in Tilapia mossambica 15 ~ 20 tails/mu rice of 15 ~ 25 centimeter length through seawater acclimation in pond.
3. processing method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: by the process of described step (1) ~ (9), when can not suppress prawn dead, the second process taken turns is carried out according to step (1) ~ (9), second when taking turns process, carry out disinfectant that step (3) adopts and consumption is: 20% glutaral disinfectant solution 85 ~ 170ml/ mu rice, all the other operate same step (1) ~ (9).
4. processing method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: by described second take turns process still can not suppress prawn dead time, repeat the method for step (1) ~ (9), carry out third round process, fourth round process, until after pond waters salinity is reduced to 3 ~ 5 ‰, keep cultivation; When carrying out third round process, fourth round process, change the disinfectant carrying out step (3) at every turn and adopt.
5. processing method according to claim 5, is characterized in that: the disinfectant of described third round process, fourth round process and consumption thereof are following one: the chlorine dioxide powder 100g ~ 150g/1000m of concentration 20% glutaral disinfectant solution 85 ~ 170ml/ mu rice or concentration 15%
3or 98%d ammonium persulfate-sodium bisulfate tablet 100 ~ 250g/ mu rice.
6. processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this processing method be used for water salinity > 5 ‰ and≤20 ‰, the process in prawn culturing pond that Vibrio luminous disease occurs.
7. processing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that: this processing method for cultivating 30 ~ 45, the process having infected Vibrio luminous, be in the cultivating pool of the prawn at period of disease initial stage long 4 ~ 7 centimetres containing body.
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