CN1029083C - 多种药物注射器 - Google Patents

多种药物注射器 Download PDF

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CN1029083C
CN1029083C CN92101416A CN92101416A CN1029083C CN 1029083 C CN1029083 C CN 1029083C CN 92101416 A CN92101416 A CN 92101416A CN 92101416 A CN92101416 A CN 92101416A CN 1029083 C CN1029083 C CN 1029083C
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syringe
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fluid reservoir
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fluid
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特里·M·哈伯
威廉·H·斯马德列
克拉克·B·福斯特
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Habley Medical Technology Corp
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Abstract

分配如胰岛素的多种药物注射器,包含安放第一和第二药液的液管的壳体,液管的一端有隔膜,另一端有活塞,中间有药液。壳体内还有储液室,装有储液活塞。杆可分别与活塞连接。当液管装在壳体内,空心长针刺破隔膜。长针的远端设置单向阀防止流体倒流。对液管活塞加压使液体流到储液室。在储液室中有要求量的两种药液时,把喷针组件移到伸出位置使喷针与储流室流体连通。用杆推储液活塞即可注射。

Description

本发明涉及药物注射器,具体地涉及一种多种药物注射器,用来注射多种药物混合液特别是胰岛素混合液。
医用胰岛素有三种基本类型:短效、中效和长效。胰岛素使用者常常根据其血糖量、每天的服用时间、营养的吸入情况以及预定的活动安排而采用两种类型胰岛素的混合液。例如,在一个工作日开头注射胰岛素时,可以使用较多的短效胰岛素,而在一天即将结束的临睡前注射胰岛素时,则最好使用较多的中效或长效胰岛素。
普通的胰岛素注射器的问题之一是只能注射一种类型的胰岛素而不能注射多种胰岛素的混合液。虽然也能买到两种类型胰岛素的混合液,但这种混合液的组分往往是固定的,例如70%中效加30%短效。因此,现有技术限制着胰岛素使用者使用预定的两种胰岛素的混合液,或者必须分别进行两次注射。
本发明的目的是克服现有技术存在的问题,提供一种使用两个以上普通的药物管的注射器,它可让用者在一次注射时按所需的每种药物的量和比例从共同的储液室排出药液。例如,它可使胰岛素使用者任意选择一次注射中注入的两种胰岛素的量和比例。
这种多管注射器含有一个安置第一和第二药液管的壳体。所述液管最好是一种在一端有隔膜,而另一端有暴露的活塞,且该二者之间有药液的液管。壳体中还有一个储液室,储液室中有一个滑动的储液活塞。在一个实施例中,壳体之近端是开口的,以便用一个杆分别将三个活塞推入管中。而在另一个实施例中则是每个液管活塞和储液活塞各有其驱动杆。它们的隔膜分别都由空心长针刺穿,空心针与通向储液室远端的流道连通。通常在长针的远端最好用单向阀,以便使每个液管内的药液通过长针流出液管而不发生逆流。
推压液管内的活塞使液管内药液通过长针和单向阀,沿流道流入储液室。储液室内压力和药液量的增加迫使储液活塞离开储液室的远端移向壳体的近端。液管活塞各自工作到所需的两种药液压入储液室并在储液室内混合为止。
然后,喷针组件与储液室连通。在一个实施例中,这一点是靠将喷针组件从其通常的贮存位置或收起位置移到伸出位置来完成的。这样就使储液室的远端与空心喷针实现流体连通。推压与储液活塞连接的杆迫使储液室内新混合的药液流过空心喷针。一旦注射完成,喷针组件就移回其收起位置。这不仅是将喷针移到壳体内的安全位置,而且使喷针与储液室隔离。
最好用一根杆,一次推动一个活塞。可以用一个滑动地安装到壳体的近端的端盖来支承杆。当杆推动各个活塞时,端盖对杆实行导引。从壳体抽拉出活塞后,端盖可以侧向滑动以便使杆的远端对准另 一个活塞。
本发明的主要特征在于它可用一个简单的小型注射器一次注射所需的两种或两种以上的不同量和比例的药液。此外,本发明设计成可采用普通的药液管以降低成本,增加灵活性,为胰岛素用者提供了一种灵活、轻便且紧凑的注射器,使用这种注射器,在一次注射中可注入所需的任何比例的胰岛素。
虽然上述的注射器是一种可再用的设计,但是,它也很容易变成一次性使用的注射器,只要用者不取下端盖并且不更换一种或两种消耗性的药液管即可。
储液室活塞可做成带有一个与储液室近端连接的可折叠的无菌罩裙,这将有利于保证储液室在使用过程中或两次使用之间的无菌性。
储液室的尺寸最好是在注射器不用时能完全放入整个的杆,这样,再加上液管和储液室成一排排列,可使注射器变得十分紧凑,并可将它装进一个相当坚实的袋中。这种注射器的最佳外形减少了或消除了使用普通皮下注射器和药瓶时的缺点。
本发明可以做成这样的结构,即其单向阀和连接液管内部和储液室及空心喷针的流道是可更换的,这就使大多数注射器可重复使用,从而为用者减少费用而增加了无菌程度。在一个最佳实施例中,这一点靠在壳体上安装一个可更换的流道液管来实现,这种可更换的流道液管含有来自长针的流道元件,所述长针通过储液室刺穿 液管上的隔膜。
本发明的另一特征是设置了一种药物计量装置。为此,最好用一个带外螺纹的杆,它由一端带有内螺纹的空心驱动杆来驱动,而空心驱动杆则可由用者转动。上述带螺纹的驱动杆最好带有棘齿,可被制动,以便提供从每个液管分配来的药液量的能听到和能触知的信息。为了使带外螺纹的杆相对于带内螺纹的驱动杆复位(这在更换液管时是必需做的),最好用一个锁紧套环,以便有选择地将带外螺纹的杆固定到带内螺纹的驱动杆端。这样,通过移动锁紧套环,可使螺纹脱开,使带螺纹的杆在空心驱动杆内复位。
本发明也可以做成使用一种在视觉上清晰的指示器,用于目视测出柱塞在药液管内的移动,从而测出从每个液管分配来的药液量。这最好用一个能感受带螺纹驱动杆的转动并显出视觉指示的传感元件,例如,用一种能将活塞的移动放大的连续回路,就是说,若活塞移动0.84mm来分配一个药物单位的药液,那么回路指示带可移动该距离的两倍或两倍以上。这种放大距离指示法特别有助于视力较差的用者。注射一次或几次后,用者可以重新设置剂量指示器。
通过下面结合附图详细说明最佳实施例,本发明的其他特征和优点将会更加明白,附图中:
图1是本发明注射器的等角投影图;
图2是本发明的注射器的侧视图,示出了喷针组件的位置控制按钮;
图3是本发明注射器的端视图,示出推杆的指压表面;
图4是沿图2的4-4线的横截面图;
图5是图4注射器的横截面图,其端盖已移动,并且柱塞正在推动第一液管的第一活塞,迫使第一种药液进入储液室;
图6示出图5的注射器的端盖已移到另一个位置,杆与第二液管的第二活塞连接,迫使第二种药液进入储液室,并在储液室中与第一种药液混合;
图7是图6注射器沿7-7线剖开的放大视图;
图8表示图6的注射器端盖已移回到图4的位置,喷针组件位于伸出位置且针护套已取掉,杆开始驱动储液活塞迫使混合药液流出储液室并通过空心喷针;
图9示出图8的注射器,在混合药液已排出后,喷针组件已缩回并套上了保护套后的状态;
图10A和图10B为透明计量标牌的前视图;
图11A和图11B示出了带有无菌罩裙的图4和图5的储液活塞的简图;
参看图1~3,多管注射器2含有壳体4,壳体内有第一和第二室6、8以及储液室10。壳体4用与药物相容的透明塑料例如聚丙烯或丙烯酸塑料制成。其近端12用一滑动端盖14盖上,因而盖住了室6、8的开口近端16、18。端盖14有一个让杆22通过的开口20。如图4所示,杆22的远端24通常位于靠近装在储液室10内的活塞26的 位置,参见图5,活塞26位于储液室10的远端28。
室6、8的尺寸与第一和第二普通药液管30、32相配合,液管30、32分别有在其远端38和开口近端40带有一种可刺穿的隔膜36的圆筒34,35。第一和第二液管30,32分别有第一和第二活塞42,44,并在隔膜36与活塞42,44之间容纳第一和第二药液46,48。
第一和第二液管30,32的远端38靠在单向阀支板50上。空心长针52,53装到并穿过支板50,它们有锋利的尖端54,当液管30,32插入第一和第二室时,针尖54便穿破隔膜36。狭缝锥形单向阀58,59(在图7看得清楚)装在长针52的外端60。单向阀58,59具有可供流体按箭头64,66方向流动但不可反向流动的狭缝62。阀体58最好用坚实的弹性体材料如硅橡胶来制造,例如用密执安州(04765)米德兰Dow化学公司出售的硅橡胶。
支板50和单向阀58,59由用例如胶合剂永久性地装在壳体4上的端盖68来定位。端盖68有一流道70,它可提供在单向阀58,59与储液室10的远端28之间的流体连通。
壳体4还有一带有矩形横截面的导槽72,喷针组件74可滑动地安装在该导槽72内。喷针组件74还包括安置空心喷针78的针托76。针托76内做出一个L形的孔道80,用来将喷针78的近端82连接到沿针托76的平直边86的小孔84。喷针组件74还包括保护套88,它活动地装在针托76之外端90,用以防止喷针78污染,并防止人们偶然受到针尖的伤害。
针托76包括一个带有扩大端部94的按钮92(见图2)。按钮92的尺寸使它可沿槽96移动,而扩大部分94的大小则可与槽96的扩大部分98,100相接合。为了将扩大部分94从槽的扩大部98(如图2和图4所示)移动到扩大部分100(如图8所示),用者可压下按钮92并使喷针组件74沿图8的箭头102的方向滑动。通过在针托内一部分(标号104处的横截面减小使针托76产生一个合适的回弹性。当针托76位于图8的伸出位置时,朝着L形孔道80的小孔84便对准孔道108的端部106(见图7),从而使细长储液室10的远端28与空心喷针78实现流体连通。
为了将杆22从图4的位置移到图5的位置,用者首先将杆22从储液室10尽可能往外抽,当杆22移至储液室19的最后位置时,圈弹簧110受压。然后将端盖14按箭头112方向移动。当杆22不再与储液室10成一直线之后,用者可松开杆22,一旦杆22变成与第一室6对准时,弹簧110就自动地迫使杆22进入第一室6,从而有助于正确的轴向对准。然后,用者再次指压接合面114逼迫第一活塞42沿箭头102的方向移动,这就使第一药液46流过长针52、单向阀58、流道70而进入储液室10的远端28。在储液室10内的药液46的流体压力使得活塞26沿箭头116的方向移动,由于用了单向阀59,不会使第一药液46进入第二液管32。
在足够量的第一药液46被引入储液室10的端28后,再次抽拉杆22,端盖14再沿箭头112方向滑动,直到杆22与第二室8对准为 止。对第二药液48也重复进行如上所述对第一药液46的操作(如图6和7所示),以便在储液室10的远端28形成一种混合药液118。
然后,从第二室8抽拉出杆22,端盖14沿箭头113的方向移到图8的位置。并且将按钮92降低,使喷针组件74从图6位置推到图8的位置。然后取下保护套88,并将套的一端插入设在端盖68上的盲贮孔120中。通过指压杆22的接合面144进行注射,使混合药液流过孔道108、孔道80和空心喷针78。
受迫进入储液室10的远端28的药液46、48的量,用图10A和10B所示的透明的计量标牌126、128来度量。标牌126、128有储液刻度130。除了图10A和10B所示的标记外,标牌126,128是透明的,容易看出液管30、32和储液室10的液量。每个刻度130之间的间隔等于一个药物单位。标牌126还有第一和第二药物刻度132、134。刻度132、134各自相隔半个药物单位的距离。因此,如果用者将活塞42,44从一个刻度132,134移到下一个刻度132,134,那么,等量的(各自为半个药物单位)药液46,48就被迫进入储液室10,使活塞26移动一个等于相邻的两刻度130之间距离的距离。
当第一药液46与第一药液48的比例为7∶3时,则使用安装在壳体4上与标牌126相对的标牌128。相继的第一和第二药物刻度136,138之间的距离分别相应于一个药物单位的70%和30%。注意,相邻的刻度138是错列的,否则刻度太密集,不易读数。标牌126、128最好是可拆卸的,以便也可以使用其他混合比例刻度的标 牌。
一旦注射完毕,即从孔道120取下保护套88,并安全地复原在喷针78上方,降下按钮92,从扩大部分100松开扩大端94,喷针74回到图4~6所示的收起位置。放松按钮92使扩大端94再次与槽扩大部分98接合,以防止喷针组件偶尔伸出。
用O形环124对孔道108的端部106进行流体密封,如图7所示。当喷针组件74处于图4~6的收起位置时,O形环124与保护套88的外表面接合,当喷针组件处于图8的伸出位置时,O形环124便在围绕位置84和L形孔道80端部的区域内压向针托76的平直边86。不用单独的O形环,而用其他型式的密封也可以,例如,模压的向外延伸的密封环。另外,为了有助于做到无菌,在靠近O形环处可用单向阀,这在使用可拆卸喷针组件时特别有用。
使用暂时安放保护套88的盲贮孔120的好处使得保护套在装置使用过程中从注射器侧向外伸。因此,如果用者偶然忘记在将喷针组件抽回到导槽72之前就将保护套放回原处的话,那么,在用者想把注射器存放到其口袋、提包或携物袋时,保护套88就会直接发生阻碍。而且,如果在活塞42、44压下时,保护套88不在原位,药液就会漏泄透过孔道108漏出导槽72外。因此,用者必须正确地保持保护套88在其原位。
为了方便于使用者,通过端盖68设一透孔122,用来携带注射器2,例如,可串上钥匙链。
图11A和图11B示意地说明一个安放有储液活塞146无菌罩裙148的储液室144。罩裙148是一种轻型的、抗渗透的、柔韧的管状材料例如硅橡胶,其一端150固定到活塞146上,另一端154固定到储液室144的近端152。当活塞146处在储液室144内的极限位置时,罩裙148便处于伸长状态(图11A),当活塞146接近于近端152时,罩裙就处于受压状态(图11B)。因此,罩裙148和活塞146有助于在使用时和使用之间保持储液室144的内壁无菌。还可用其他的方法来保证无菌。
在不背离下述权利要求规定的本发明的范围的情况下,上述实施例还可作其他的改变和改良。例如,注射器2可进行改进,用普通的空管作为储液室10。喷针组件可以转动地安装在注射器壳体上。喷针组件也可以永久性地安装在适当位置上。或者可用例如普通的扭转锁紧接头把分离的喷针组件安装到注射器壳体上。不用单向阀58,59,而是使活塞42,44仅沿一个朝着远端38的方向移动,以防止药液反流回到液管。注射器可做成在多于两个液管的场合使用。本发明还可有一个附加的液管和液室,盛装无菌盐水,用来在注射之后冲洗空的喷针。

Claims (15)

1、一种注射器,使用盛装液体的带有筒体的药液管,该筒体有一个开口端和一个可刺入端,筒内有一活塞,在筒内活塞与可刺入端之间有一种药液,所述注射器包含一个与活塞可接合的杆,一个其形状可在其内安放第一和第二液管的壳体;可与第一和第二液管的可刺入端接合的机构,用来将第一和第二液管的筒体内部与储液室实现流体连通;阻止流体流入第一和第二液管的筒内的机构;和一根空心喷针;其特征在于,还包括
一个长的储液室;
一个安放在储液室内的活动的储液活塞;使空心喷针与储液室可选择地流体连通的机构;和
所述的杆可与储液室活塞相接合,通过该杆组件,选定数量的药液被杆从第一和第二液管压入储液室,以便在储液室内混合,在储液室内的混合药液由杆加压流过上述选择地流体连通的机构并流过上述空心喷针。
2、根据权利要求1的注射器,其特征在于,上述的阻止流体流动的机构包括每个所述的第一和第二液管的单向阀。
3、根据权利要求1的注射器,其特征在于,上述选择地流体连通的机构包括一个安装到壳体中的针托,可在伸出位置及退回位置之间移动。
4、根据权利要求1的注射器,其特征在于,选择地使流体连通机构包括一个在壳体内形成的在储液室和第一密封位置之间的第一孔道,和一个在针托内形成的并把空心喷针与第二密封位置流体连通的第二孔道,当针套处在伸出位置时,第一和第二密封位置对齐,使储液室与空心喷针连通,当针套处在退回位置时,第一和第二密封位置相偏开。
5、根据权利要求4的注射器,其特征在于,所述的选择地流体连通机构包括一个安装到针托上的拆卸的喷针保护套。
6、根据权利要求5的注射器,其特征在于,所述的壳体包括一个保护套贮存元件,其形状可适合于在保护套从针套上卸下时把保护套装在壳体上。
7、根据权利要求5的注射器,其特征在于,保护套包括在针托处在退回位置时盖住第一密封位置以密封第一孔道的一个外表面。
8、根据权利要求4的注射器,其特征在于所述的储液室有一远端及一近端,所述杆可从近端伸出。
9、根据权利要求8的注射器,其特征在于所述第一孔道口入储液室远端。
10、根据权利要求1的注射器,其特征在于它还包括可活动地装在壳体上的对准装置,用来有选择地使杆与储液室对准,和与第一、第二液筒的活塞对准。
11、根据权利要求10的注射器,其特征在于所述的对准装置包括可滑动地装在壳体上的端盖,所述的杆可穿过端盖,所述的杆的外端有可与使用者相接合的形状。
12、根据权利要求11的注射器,其特征在于所述的对准装置有弹簧装置,用来在所述的杆从壳体中抽出来时,把杆朝壳体偏压,以便在由端盖移位的杆与一个活塞相对齐时,自动把杆偏压向该活塞。
13、根据权利要求1的注射器,其特征在于所述的壳体带有能使使用者观察到液管和储液室的结构部分。
14、根据权利要求13的注射器,其特征在于所述的注射器还含有刻在上述壳体上的刻度,以便让使用者度量从液管压入储液室的药液的量。
15、一种带有多种药液管的注射器,药液管有空心筒体,该筒体有一个药液管内部,一开口端和一可刺入端,筒内有一活塞,在筒内活塞与可刺入端之间装有药液,所述注射器包括一壳体,其装有药液管,其特征在于,还包括安装在壳体上的并包括与药液管内部连通的储液室的储液/分配装置;
有选择地把药液管内部的部分液体压入储液室的装置,和所述的储液/分配装置包括从储液液分配出液体的装置。
CN92101416A 1991-03-08 1992-03-06 多种药物注射器 Expired - Fee Related CN1029083C (zh)

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CN1065020A (zh) 1992-10-07
EP0574544A1 (en) 1993-12-22
US5147323A (en) 1992-09-15
JPH06505415A (ja) 1994-06-23
AU1678192A (en) 1992-10-06
AU653227B2 (en) 1994-09-22
EP0574544A4 (en) 1994-07-20
WO1992015347A1 (en) 1992-09-17
CA2101930A1 (en) 1992-09-09

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