CN102900528B - Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces from wasted work method - Google Patents
Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces from wasted work method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102900528B CN102900528B CN201210438095.6A CN201210438095A CN102900528B CN 102900528 B CN102900528 B CN 102900528B CN 201210438095 A CN201210438095 A CN 201210438095A CN 102900528 B CN102900528 B CN 102900528B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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Abstract
The present invention relates to gas turbine, steam turbine technology field, namely Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces gas turbine from wasted work method.Be supplement liquid refrigerant to firing chamber, liquid refrigerant is undergone phase transition, reduce fuel consumption, replace low-density air, reduce the compression work consumption of gas compressor, save shaft work and be supplied to load completely.Gas compressor only need provide enough oxygen supply air by " air-fuel ratio " for fuel, only needs the turbine merit of 20 ~ 25%, and all the other 75% shaft works are supplied to load completely.Supplement liquid refrigerant, liquid second working medium absorbs vaporization heat in two matter turbine, substituting low-density air comes for firing chamber and impeller cooling, oil consumption rate reduction at double, oxygen supply ratio also reduces thereupon in proportion, the compression work that gas compressor consumes reduces naturally in proportion, reduces from wasted work, and improving mechanical efficiency is the object of the invention.
Description
technical field
The present invention relates to gas turbine, steam turbine technology field, namely Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine is eliminated heat injury for gas turbine, improve the thermal efficiency, is reduced method from wasted work.Be applicable to the power source of land route, water route size running mechanism and seat stand machinery.
Background technique
In the prior art, because: " ' heat ' directly can not transform into mechanical work, must by means of working medium "." heat ~ working medium-mechanical work ", the source of " heat " is the calorific value of fuel, is a fixed value; " working medium " is the medium of heat to power output, and it is precisely fixed by the structure of " air-fuel ratio " and motor, is also a fixed value; " mechanical work " transforms fixing " heat " with fixing " working medium ", " mechanical work " result obtained, and inevitable is also a fixed value.
So the result necessarily fixed value obtained by fixed value conversion fixed value, Here it is, and the thermal machine thermal efficiency improves the basic reason do not got on.
The motor of combustion manner of remaining silent can only utilize the chemical energy of the first step, and the energy later to the second step can only be discharged in air as " delayed heat ", makes idle work.
The motor of opening combustion manner does not possess the appointed condition utilizing and transform to the first step energy, can only utilize the physical energy of the second step, gratuitously discharges, make idle work to the first step and the later heat energy of the 3rd step.
Gas turbine: the thermal efficiency is low, heat injury is serious, large from wasted work, choice requirement is high, manufacture cost is high, practical application.A, the thermal efficiency: 18 ~ 38%.B, operating temperature: 1340 ~ 1430 DEG C (combustion gas index).The theory of C, the raising thermal efficiency is: improve operating temperature as far as possible, improves working medium flow by the method increasing working medium " specific volume ".D, impeller and firing chamber must adopt senior high temperature resistant material.
Cheng's cycle: parallel connection completes Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation in a gas turbine.
A, the thermal efficiency: ≈ 53%.B, the second working medium complete phase transformation in exhaust heat boiler.C, steam (with combustion gas) isopiestic state fill into firing chamber.D, phase transition potential energy are just utilized after storage and conveying decay.E, exhaust heat boiler and auxiliary facility take huge space.Recycle after F, heat recovery.
Two-shipper combined cycle thermodynamic conditions: gas turbine and steam turbine use a fuel energy jointly, uses two kinds of different working medium.Complete Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation respectively, make output work respectively.Dual-locomotive heat efficiency: ≈ 55%.Be not suitable for small-sized machine and running mechanism.
Internal-combustion engine: " air-fuel ratio " guarantees the accurate ratio of hydrocarbon complete oxidation oxygen supply demand, instead of ensure " heat to power output " precisely " working medium demand ".A, the petrol engine thermal efficiency: 27 ~ 30%, the diesel engine thermal efficiency: 37 ~ 42%.B, single working medium complete simple subprogram.C, piston connecting rod unit inertia are large, and running vibrations are large, and noise is large, rate of fault is high, service cycle is short.D, pressure cooling system dissipated heat 30%, tail gas carries off heat 30%, has made idle work.How realizing working medium overall adjustment and control, is the key eliminated heat injury, improve the thermal efficiency.
Gas turbine improves operating temperature simply in order to improve the thermal efficiency, causes serious heat injury; In order to alleviate heat injury, need gas compressor a large amount of cooling-air is provided, for this reason, substantially increase the burden of gas compressor.The huge gas compressor of gas turbine will consume the turbine merit of about 65%, only has about 30% to make effective mechanical work.The pressurized air that gas compressor provides has 60 ~ 70% to use as cooling working medium, and another more than 30% are only as fuel combustion provides oxygen demand.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide for above-mentioned deficiency a kind of with combustion gas, water for working medium, two kinds of different working medium connects Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation in a turbine, and the Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduction of the raising thermal efficiency is from wasted work method.
Technical solution of the present invention is: it is spray the hot water of interface temperature to outer wall of combustion chamber (longitudinal ripple isolating plate) from wasted work method that Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces gas turbine, absorb outer wall of combustion chamber (longitudinal ripple isolating plate) heat undergo phase transition, and replace low-density air be firing chamber cooling; Significantly reduce oil consumption rate and also just reduce oxygen supply demand in proportion, reduce the compression work of gas compressor further.Water has the water of 100 DEG C and the vapour of 100 DEG C under an atmospheric environment, this 100 DEG C be exactly water interface temperature at one atm, the interface temperature of water changes along with the change of pressure environment.
Gas compressor only need provide enough oxygen supply air by " air-fuel ratio " for fuel, only needs the turbine merit of 20 ~ 25%, and all the other ≈ 75% turbine merits are supplied to load completely.
It is that supplementary highdensity liquid refrigerant replaces low-density gaseous working medium from wasted work method that Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces gas turbine, with " delayed heat ", liquid refrigerant is undergone phase transition, reduce the compression work of gas compressor, the air of large specific volume is substituted completely for firing chamber and turbo wheel cooling with the water of little specific volume, do not need to compress cooling working medium, any transmitting powers are only provided.
Second working medium fills into phase change chamber with liquid-vaqor interface temperature, for component cooling undergoes phase transition simultaneously.
Two matter turbine needs " combustion gas " of consume fuel due to a large amount of instead of of the second working medium, reduces oil consumption rate, decreases fuel delivery, and for this reason, oxygen supply demand also reduces in proportion, can reduce again the compression work of gas compressor further.
Two of different combustion manner turbine engine are condensed into a turbine, realize connected in turbine Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken of two kinds of different working medium and circulate.
" burning potential energy " is irreversible potential energy in fuel combustion chemical reaction process, this chemical reaction process to draw and the energy transformed is set to the chemical energy of " the first step ".The remaining heat of " phase transition potential energy " utilization " burning potential energy " work done carries out hot merit conversion, this is " the second ladder " reversible physical energy, " heat " in tail gas is set to " the 3rd step energy ", and the energy in two gas of discharge is set to " the 4th step energy "
The heat energy of low heat density is progressively brought back (instead of transmission) to high temperature heat source by the second working medium from low-temperature heat source, then absorbs the heat of outer wall of combustion chamber (ripple dividing plate) high temperature heat source, completes phase transformation, produces phase transition potential energy, directly make useful work.
Annular combustion chamber and phase change chamber just two matter turbine can carry out the complementary device condition of hot merit conversion simultaneously to the chemical energy of the first step in fuel energy and the second step and later physical energy.
The working medium of Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine adopt combustion gas and water (can only be water, economic, pollution-free, lower calorific value, but be not definitely limited to water also can be other working medium, as: freon, liquid ammonia, etc. liquid goods and materials.), combustion gas and water enter at burning indoor separation; Second working-medium water converges with wet vapor and combustion gas after phase change chamber undergoes phase transition, temperature control, work done, realize working medium total amount adjustable.Second working-medium water fills into phase change chamber with liquid-vaqor interface temperature, for undergoing phase transition while component cooling.
Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine (being called for short: two matter turbine) completes Bo Leideng circulation based on the structure of gas turbine and working principle, completes Lang Ken circulation based on the working principle of steam turbine in the turbine of gas turbine.Two of different combustion manner turbine engine are condensed into a turbine, use connected in turbine Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken of two kinds of different working medium to circulate.In two matter turbine: adiabatic compression process and level pressure heat, level pressure endothermic process is unaided; Adiabatic expansion and level pressure exothermic process jointly complete in same turbine.
" adjustable working medium total amount " controls " heat to power output ability " new approaches.The Bo Leideng that connected in a turbine circulates and Lang Ken circulation.In the fuel transforming fixed value with the working medium of variable can, control heat utilization rate, the thermal efficiency >=60%(can be made because: " ' heat ' directly can not transform into mechanical work, must by means of working medium ".The way improving working medium specific volume is substituted to improve working medium total amount).Operating temperature: minimum controllable 480 DEG C (water is low-heat goods and materials, and latent heat of phase change is very large, and phase transition potential energy is very strong).Impeller and firing chamber adopt common high temperature-resistant acid-resistant material.Second working medium fills into phase change chamber with liquid-vaqor interface temperature.Phase transformation is completed for its pressure starting point in phase change chamber with the pressure spikes value of combustion gas potential energy.Without piston inertia, rotating speed is high, failure rate is low, service cycle long, continuous running characteristic is good.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, two matter turbine supplements highdensity liquid refrigerant and replaces low-density gaseous working medium, with " delayed heat ", liquid refrigerant is undergone phase transition, reduce the compression work of gas compressor, the air of large specific volume is substituted completely for firing chamber and turbo wheel cooling with the water of little specific volume, do not need to compress cooling working medium, any transmitting powers are only provided.Two matter turbine only needs gas compressor by " air-fuel ratio " for fuel provides enough oxygen supply air.
2, two matter turbine needs " combustion gas " of consume fuel due to a large amount of instead of of the second working medium, and reduce oil consumption rate, decrease fuel delivery, for this reason, oxygen supply demand also reduces in proportion, can reduce again the compression work of gas compressor further.
3, two matter turbine compares with gas turbine: the thermal efficiency is high, eliminates heat injury, meets discharge highest standard, and selection is easy, low cost of manufacture.Double-work medium can implement combined cycle in superminiature, miniature, small-sized, neutral, heavy, superduty, super superduty.The thermal efficiency: >=60%.Operating temperature: minimum controllable 480 DEG C (two gas balance index).Impeller and firing chamber adopt common high temperature-resistant acid-resistant material.
4, two matter turbine compares with " Cheng's cycle ": the Bo Leideng that connected in a turbine circulates and Lang Ken circulates.The thermal efficiency: >=60%.Second working medium fills into phase change chamber with liquid-vaqor interface temperature, completes phase transformation in phase change chamber.Gaseous-pressure peak is phase transition potential energy pressure starting point, embodies surging utilization.Second working medium supply system space hold is little.Direct and recovery combines and utilizes waste heat.
5, two matter turbine compares with " two-shipper combined cycle thermodynamic conditions ": in a turbine, use burning potential energy to complete Bo Leideng circulate, and uses phase transition potential energy to complete Lang Ken circulation.Unit exports mechanical work.The unit thermal efficiency: >=60%.Be applicable to the power source of land route, water route size running mechanism and seat stand machinery.
6, two matter turbine compares with internal-combustion engine: working medium total amount is adjustable.The thermal efficiency: >=60%." double-work medium " combined cycle in a turbine.Without piston inertia, rotating speed is high, failure rate is low, service cycle long, continuous running characteristic is good.Second working medium undergoes phase transition while being parts cooling, and without pressure cooling system, tail gas does not directly discharge, and makes idle work become useful work.
7, discharge: the combustion temperature of any heat engine is all very high, incandescent spot is all more than 2000 DEG C, and in the broiling conditions of high heat, carbon dioxide is likely by second time pyrolysis, and generate carbon monoxide and oxygen, nitrogen can be oxidized, generates oxynitrides.Two matter machine adopts low-temperature burning technology, there is not incandescent spot all the time, low-carbon environment-friendly.
8, in two matter machine, a large amount of water vapor instead of (needing consume fuel) combustion gas, and oil consumption rate is reduced, the discharge of carbon dioxide also reduction in proportion, low-carbon environment-friendly.
9, two matter turbine improves working medium gross mass in a large number, and the second working medium undergoes phase transition while being component cooling.Fuel gas temperature is suitable for regulation and control at 1300 ± 50 DEG C.Not only eliminate heat injury, the generation of harmful gas can also be stopped.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine overall structure sketch.
Fig. 2 is longitudinal ripple isolating plate cross-sectional structure sketch.
Embodiment
The ideas of energy-saving of two matter turbine is the working medium total amount as far as possible increasing heat to power output, improves the heat to power output ability of heat engine, if it is nonsensical to change fuel value, must change " working medium " if want.
Two matter turbine supplements highdensity liquid refrigerant and replaces low-density gaseous working medium, with " delayed heat ", liquid refrigerant is undergone phase transition, reduce the compression work of gas compressor, the air of large specific volume is substituted completely for firing chamber and turbo wheel cooling with the water of little specific volume, do not need to compress cooling working medium, any transmitting powers are only provided.
Two matter turbine only needs gas compressor by " air-fuel ratio " for fuel provides enough oxygen supply air.
Cancel the compression work of cooling-air and reduce the compression work of keeping demand, the demand of final compression work is very little, only account for about 17% of turbine merit, add the conveying merit of 3 ~ 5% of the second working medium supply system needs, all gross demands from wasted work account for 20 ~ 25% of turbine merit.Remaining shaft work of about 75%, can be supplied to load completely.
See Fig. 1,2, component title is as follows: turbine and axle 1, compressor impeller 2, compressor blade 3, compressor housings 4, lubricating oil inlet 5, fuel filler 6, infrared rays guard 7, body 8 in oil, water nozzle, oil nozzle 9, relief opening 10, water spout 11, Tap cover 12, annular combustion chamber 13, phase change chamber 27; Annular combustion chamber, phase change chamber have isolating plate 14 therebetween, are divided into firing chamber 13 and phase change chamber 27; Doughnut one end is with annular oil nozzle 9 and annular water spout 11, and annular oil nozzle 9 is communicated with firing chamber 13; Annular water spout 11 is communicated with phase change chamber 27; Turbine blade 17 is jointly blowed to through guide plate after the other end steam of doughnut and combustion gas converge.
Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine comprises a moving element, fuel supply system, the second working medium supply system, Electrical System, lubricating system, load.Specific experiment structure is: it comprises left side turbine and axle 1, the right turbine, turbine blade 17; Left side turbine and axle 1 there is compressor impeller 2, compressor blade 3, compressor housings 4; Annular combustion chamber 13, phase change chamber 27 is had in turbine shroud; Firing chamber, phase change chamber comprise doughnut, and doughnut has isolating plate 14 therebetween, are divided into firing chamber 13 and phase change chamber 27; Doughnut one end is with annular oil nozzle 9 and annular water spout 11, and annular oil nozzle 9 is communicated with firing chamber 13; Annular water spout 11 is communicated with phase change chamber 27; The steam of the doughnut the other end and combustion gas blow to turbine blade 17 jointly through baffle after joining.
Isolating plate 14 is corrugated sheet (back taper tubular), and area of contact is large.Oil nozzle 9 is in 45o cone angle.Infrared rays guard 7 is provided with before ingress, firing chamber 13 oil nozzle 9.Firing chamber 13 is ring circular cone longitudinal ripple spaces.Phase change chamber 27 is the back taper longitudinal ripple spaces between outer wall of combustion chamber isolating plate 14 and phase change chamber outer wall 25.
See Fig. 2, separated between firing chamber 13 and phase change chamber 27 by longitudinal ripple isolating plate 14, isolating plate 14 is the outer wall of firing chamber 13 and the inwall of phase change chamber 27.
Gas compressor circumference is supplied gas.Fuel injection nozzle is annular, and 45o cone angle circumference sprays.Narrow annular passage of calming the anger connects the narrow annular entry of annular combustion chamber 13.Firing chamber 13 can be divided into two kinds: direct-fired and infrared-type.Direct-fired: fuel closely sprays to the narrow annular entry in firing chamber 13 with 45o cone angle, and fuel takes fire in ingress; Infrared-type: infrared rays guard 7(is set before entrance as tungsten filament), fuel burns between infrared rays guard 7.Firing chamber 13 is " ring circular cone longitudinal ripple spaces ".Phase change chamber 27 is " back taper longitudinal ripple spaces " between firing chamber 13 outer wall corrugated sheet and tubular phase change chamber outer wall 25.
The combustion process of combustion gas and the phase transition process of the second working medium, at same pressure space complete independently, directly do not absorb vaporization heat, do not affect fuel normal combustion from combustion gas.
The heat energy of low heat density is progressively reclaimed by the second working medium brings (instead of transmission) back to high temperature heat source, then absorbs the heat of outer wall of combustion chamber ripple isolating plate 14, completes phase transformation, produces phase transition potential energy, directly make useful work.
The motor of combustion manner of remaining silent can only utilize the chemical energy of the first step, and the energy later to the second step can only be discharged in air as " delayed heat ", makes idle work.
The motor of opening combustion manner does not possess the appointed condition utilizing and transform to the first step energy, can only utilize the physical energy of the second step, gratuitously discharges make idle work to the first step and the later heat energy of the 3rd step.
Annular combustion chamber and phase change chamber just two matter turbine can carry out the complementary device condition of hot merit conversion simultaneously to the chemical energy of the first step in fuel energy and the second step and later physical energy.
Working procedure: 1, start: first disconnecting consumers during startup, opens ignition power, starts turbine rotor with pressurized air (or motor).When rotating speed reaches 8, when 000 ~ 10,000 rev/min, open rapidly 40% of combustion gas (combustion gas liquid gas replaces) valve, warming up, in good time standard-sized sheet LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) valve.Combustion gas enters annular oil nozzle 9 from fuel filler 6, supply pressurized air by gas compressor, in the mixing of annular oil nozzle 9 place, (spark ignition) directly enters annular combustion chamber 13 and burns, and longitudinal ripple isolating plate 14 is burnt heat by combustion gas, 2, through the running preheating of 30 ~ 40 seconds, start the second working medium supply system, trace opens valve, allows a small amount of water enter phase change chamber 27, and cooling combustion room isolating plate 14 undergoes phase transition simultaneously, 3, wet vapor and combustion gas enter two gas passage mixed heat transfer in the outlet port of longitudinal ripple isolating plate 14: 4, the cold water of prior filling in water storage box (heat exchanger) enters stealthy heat exchanger 19 through cold water inlet 26, absorb tail gas heat quantity, further intensification, export 20 by warm water and enter firing chamber cooling jacket, absorb the heat of Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber, reach liquid-vaqor interface temperature, hot water enters annular water spout 11 by entrance 24, longitudinal ripple isolating plate 14 is sprayed to through annular water spout 11, lower the temperature for annular combustion chamber 13 and undergo phase transition simultaneously, the water vapor undergone phase transition enters two gas passage from relief opening 10 through steam-water separator, 5, wet vapor is in isolating plate 14 outlet port and combustion gas mixing, heat exchange, superheated vapor and combustion gas through eddy flow guide plate 16 turbulent mixture heat exchange, accelerate after jointly blow to turbine blade 17, 6, stator guide plate 18 stops the eddy flow of two gas to play a leading role, and pushes back to turbine blade 17 1 reaction forces, 7, turbine merit drives compressor impeller 2 to provide compression work for gas compressor by turbine and turbine and axle 1, is with dynamic load to make shaft work simultaneously.
Claims (1)
1. Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces gas turbine from a wasted work method, it is characterized in that spraying the hot water of interface temperature to outer wall of combustion chamber, and the heat absorbing outer wall of combustion chamber undergoes phase transition, and to replace low-density air be firing chamber cooling; Significantly reduce oil consumption rate and also just reduce oxygen supply demand in proportion, reduce the compression work of gas compressor further; Gas compressor only need provide enough oxygen supply air by air-fuel ratio for fuel, only needs the turbine merit of 20 ~ 25%, and all the other turbine merits are supplied to load completely; Firing chamber (13) and phase change chamber (27) are separated by isolating plate (14); Isolating plate (14) is corrugated sheet; The oil nozzle (9) of firing chamber (13) is the tapered angle of attack of single-row Round Porous in 45o; Firing chamber (13) ingress is provided with infrared rays guard (7); Firing chamber (13) is ring circular cone longitudinal ripple space; Phase change chamber (27) is the back taper longitudinal ripple space between outer wall of combustion chamber isolating plate (14) and phase change chamber outer wall (25).
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| CN104454174A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-25 | 罗显平 | Method for improving power take-off power of gas engine |
| CN110374749A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-25 | 李贵臣 | A kind of consumption reduction speed-raising reduction infrared radiation device for jet engine |
| CN111197534B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-01-29 | 田国庆 | Hybrid power aeroengine |
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| US6324847B1 (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2001-12-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Dual flow turbine housing for a turbocharger in a divided manifold exhaust system having E.G.R. flow |
| CN2752444Y (en) * | 2004-08-01 | 2006-01-18 | 王军 | Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine |
| CN201991616U (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-09-28 | 苏艾今 | Scramjet double-working substance steam turbine |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2001012209A (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2001-01-16 | Hiroyasu Tanigawa | Steam gas turbine united engine device |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1202572A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1998-12-23 | 抚顺市科学技术委员会 | Double working medium united circulation single machine system engine |
| US6324847B1 (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2001-12-04 | Caterpillar Inc. | Dual flow turbine housing for a turbocharger in a divided manifold exhaust system having E.G.R. flow |
| CN2752444Y (en) * | 2004-08-01 | 2006-01-18 | 王军 | Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine |
| CN201991616U (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-09-28 | 苏艾今 | Scramjet double-working substance steam turbine |
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