CN102900528A - Self power consumption reduction method of double-working-medium combined cycle turbine - Google Patents
Self power consumption reduction method of double-working-medium combined cycle turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN102900528A CN102900528A CN2012104380956A CN201210438095A CN102900528A CN 102900528 A CN102900528 A CN 102900528A CN 2012104380956 A CN2012104380956 A CN 2012104380956A CN 201210438095 A CN201210438095 A CN 201210438095A CN 102900528 A CN102900528 A CN 102900528A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical fields of combustion gas turbines and steam turbines, in particular to a self power consumption reduction method of a double-working-medium combined cycle turbine. According to the self power consumption reduction method, liquid working medium is supplemented to a combustion chamber to ensure that the liquid working medium is subjected to phase change so as to reduce the fuel consumption, replace low-density air, reduce the compression work consumption of a gas compressor and provide all surplus shaft work to a load; enough oxygen supply air is only needed to be provided for fuels by the gas compressor according to an air-fuel ratio, only 20-25 percent of turbine work is needed, and the rest 75 percent of shaft work is all provided for the load; and the liquid working medium is supplemented, and the heat of vaporization is absorbed in double-medium turbine by a second liquid working medium to replace the low-density air to cool the combustion chamber and an impeller, so that the oil consumption rate is reduced in multiples, the oxygen supply proportion is reduced therewith proportionately, and the compression work consumed by the gas compressor is naturally reduced proportionately. The invention aims to reduce the self consumption work and improve the mechanical efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to gas turbine, steam turbine technology field, namely Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine is eliminated heat injury, improves the thermal efficiency, is reduced the method from wasted work for gas turbine.Be applicable to the power source of land route, water route size running mechanism and seat stand machinery.
Background technique
In the prior art, because: " ' heat ' can not directly transform into mechanical work, must by means of working medium "." heat ~ working medium-mechanical work ", the source of " heat " is the calorific value of fuel, is a fixed value; " working medium " is the medium of hot merit conversion, and it is precisely fixing by the structure of " air-fuel ratio " and motor, also is a fixed value; " mechanical work " is to transform fixing " heat " with fixing " working medium ", " mechanical work " result who obtains, and inevitable also is a fixed value.
So the result who obtains with fixed value conversion fixed value must be fixed value, the basic reason that thermal machine thermal efficiency raising that Here it is is not got on.
The motor of combustion manner of remaining silent can only utilize the chemical energy of the first step, and the energy later to the second step can only be discharged in the atmosphere as " delayed heat ", makes idle work.
The motor of opening combustion manner does not possess the appointed condition that utilizes and transform to the first step energy, can only utilize the physical energy of the second step, and the first step and the later heat energy of the 3rd step are gratuitously discharged, and makes idle work.
Gas turbine: the thermal efficiency is low, heat injury is serious, large from wasted work, choice requirement is high, and manufacture cost is high, practical application.A, the thermal efficiency: 18 ~ 38%.B, operating temperature: 1340 ~ 1430 ℃ (combustion gas index).The theory of C, the raising thermal efficiency is: improve operating temperature as far as possible, improve working medium flow with the method that increases working medium " specific volume ".Senior high temperature resistant material must be adopted in D, impeller and firing chamber.
Cheng's cycle: Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation are finished in parallel connection in a gas turbine.
A, the thermal efficiency: ≈ 53%.B, the second working medium are finished phase transformation in exhaust heat boiler.C, steam (with combustion gas) isopiestic state fill into the firing chamber.D, phase transition potential energy are just utilized in storage with after carrying decay.E, exhaust heat boiler and auxiliary facility take huge space.Recycle after F, the heat recovery.
Two-shipper combined cycle heating power unit: gas turbine and steam turbine use a fuel energy jointly, use two kinds of different working medium.Finish respectively Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation, make respectively output work.Dual-locomotive heat efficient: ≈ 55%.Be not suitable for small-sized machine and running mechanism.
Internal-combustion engine: " air-fuel ratio " is to guarantee the accurate ratio of hydrocarbon complete oxidation oxygen supply demand, rather than guarantees " hot merit conversion " precisely " working medium demand ".A, the petrol engine thermal efficiency: 27 ~ 30%, the diesel engine thermal efficiency: 37 ~ 42%.B, single working medium are finished single circulation.C, piston rod group inertia are large, and the running vibrations are large, and noise is large, rate of fault is high, service cycle is short.D, pressure cooling system dissipated heat 30%, tail gas carries off heat 30%, has made idle work.How realizing the working medium overall adjustment and control, is the key of eliminating heat injury, improving the thermal efficiency.
Gas turbine improves operating temperature simply in order to improve the thermal efficiency, has caused serious heat injury; In order to alleviate heat injury, need gas compressor a large amount of cooling-air is provided, for this reason, greatly increased the burden of gas compressor.The huge gas compressor of gas turbine will consume the turbine merit about 65%, only has about 30% to make effective mechanical work.The pressurized air that gas compressor provides has 60 ~ 70%, uses as cooling working medium, in addition more than 30% is only as fuel combustion oxygen demand is provided.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is provides a kind of take combustion gas, water as working medium for above-mentioned deficiency, and two kinds of different working medium are connected in a turbine and finished Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation, and the Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine that improves the thermal efficiency reduces from the wasted work method.
Technical solution of the present invention is: it is to spray the hot water of interface temperature to outer wall of combustion chamber (longitudinal ripple isolating plate) from the wasted work method that Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces gas turbine, the heat that absorbs outer wall of combustion chamber (longitudinal ripple isolating plate) undergoes phase transition, and to replace low-density air be the firing chamber cooling; The decrease oil consumption rate also just reduces the oxygen supply demand in proportion, further reduces the compression work of gas compressor.Water has 100 ℃ water and 100 ℃ vapour under an atmospheric environment, this 100 ℃ be exactly the interface temperature of water under a barometric pressure, the interface temperature of water changes along with the variation of pressure environment.
Gas compressor only need only need 20 ~ 25% turbine merit by " air-fuel ratio " for fuel provides capacity oxygen supply air, and all the other ≈ 75% turbine merits offer load fully.
It is to replenish highdensity liquid refrigerant to replace low-density gaseous working medium from the wasted work method that Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces gas turbine, with " delayed heat " liquid refrigerant is undergone phase transition, reduce the compression work of gas compressor, water take little specific volume substitutes the air of large specific volume fully as firing chamber and turbo wheel cooling, do not need cooling working medium is compressed, only provide some transmitting powers to get final product.
The second working medium fills into the phase transformation chamber with the liquid-vaqor interface temperature, for the component cooling undergoes phase transition simultaneously.
Two matter turbines have reduced oil consumption rate because a large amount of having substituted of the second working medium needs " combustion gas " of consume fuel, have reduced fuel delivery, and for this reason, the oxygen supply demand has also reduced in proportion, can further reduce again the compression work of gas compressor.
Two turbine-type motors of different combustion manners are condensed into a turbine, realize that two kinds of different working medium are connected to finish Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulates in a turbine.
" burning potential energy " is irreversible potential energy in the fuel combustion chemical reaction process, and the energy that this chemical reaction process drew and transformed is made as the chemical energy of " the first step ".The remaining heat of " phase transition potential energy " utilization " burning potential energy " work done carries out hot merit and transforms, this is " the second ladder " reversible physical energy, " heat " in the tail gas is made as " the 3rd step energy ", and the energy in two gas of discharging is made as " the 4th step energy "
The heat energy of low heat density is progressively brought back (rather than transmission) by the second working medium from low-temperature heat source and to high temperature heat source, is absorbed the heat of outer wall of combustion chamber (ripple dividing plate) high temperature heat source again, finishes phase transformation, produces phase transition potential energy, directly makes useful work.
The complementary device condition that hot merit transforms can be carried out simultaneously to the chemical energy of the first step in the fuel energy and the second step and later physical energy in annular combustion chamber and phase transformation chamber just two matter turbines.
The working medium of Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine adopt the combustion G﹠W (can only be water, economical, pollution-free, lower calorific value, but definitely be not limited to water also can be other working medium, as: freon, liquid ammonia, etc. liquid goods and materials.), the combustion G﹠W enters at the burning indoor separation; The second working-medium water after the phase transformation chamber undergoes phase transition with wet vapor and combustion gas converge, temperature control, work done, realize that the working medium total amount is adjustable.The second working-medium water fills into the phase transformation chamber with the liquid-vaqor interface temperature, undergoes phase transition when lowering the temperature for component.
Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine (is called for short: two matter turbines) finish the Bo Leideng circulation as the basis take structure and the working principle of gas turbine, finish the Lang Ken circulation as the basis take the working principle of steam turbine in the turbine of gas turbine.Two turbine-type motors of different combustion manners are condensed into a turbine, use two kinds of different working medium in a turbine, to connect and finish Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation.In two matter turbines: adiabatic compression process and level pressure heating, level pressure endothermic process are unaided; Adiabatic expansion and level pressure exothermic process are finished in same turbine jointly.
" adjustable working medium total amount " is to control " hot merit transfer capability " new approaches.Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation are finished in series connection in a turbine.Transform with the working medium of variable in the fuel of fixed value can, control heat utilization rate, can make the thermal efficiency 〉=60%(because: " ' heat ' can not directly transform into mechanical work, must by means of working medium ".Substitute the way that improves the working medium specific volume to improve the working medium total amount).Operating temperature: minimumly regulate and control 480 ℃ (water is the low-heat goods and materials, and latent heat of phase change is very large, and phase transition potential energy is very strong).Common high temperature-resistant acid-resistant material is adopted in impeller and firing chamber.The second working medium fills into the phase transformation chamber with the liquid-vaqor interface temperature.Finish phase transformation take the pressure peak value of combustion gas potential energy as its pressure starting point in the phase transformation chamber.Without piston inertia, rotating speed is high, failure rate is low, service cycle long, the continuous running characteristic is good.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, the additional highdensity liquid refrigerant of two matter turbines replaces low-density gaseous working medium, with " delayed heat " liquid refrigerant is undergone phase transition, reduce the compression work of gas compressor, water take little specific volume substitutes the air of large specific volume fully as firing chamber and turbo wheel cooling, do not need cooling working medium is compressed, only provide some transmitting powers to get final product.Two matter turbines only need gas compressor to get final product for fuel provides the oxygen supply air of capacity by " air-fuel ratio ".
2, two matter turbines have reduced oil consumption rate because a large amount of having substituted of the second working medium needs " combustion gas " of consume fuel, have reduced fuel delivery, and for this reason, the oxygen supply demand has also reduced in proportion, can further reduce again the compression work of gas compressor.
3, two matter turbines and gas turbine are relatively: the thermal efficiency is high, eliminates heat injury, meets the discharging highest standard, and selection is easy, low cost of manufacture.Double-work medium can be implemented combined cycle in superminiature, miniature, small-sized, neutral, heavy, superduty, super superduty.The thermal efficiency: 〉=60%.Operating temperature: minimumly regulate and control 480 ℃ (two gas balance index).Impeller and firing chamber adopt common high temperature-resistant acid-resistant material to get final product.
4, two matter turbines compare with " Cheng's cycle ": connect in a turbine and finish Bo Leideng circulation and Lang Ken circulation.The thermal efficiency: 〉=60%.The second working medium fills into the phase transformation chamber with the liquid-vaqor interface temperature, finishes phase transformation in the phase transformation chamber.The gaseous-pressure peak is phase transition potential energy pressure starting point, embodies surging the utilization.The second working medium supply is that space hold is little.Direct and recovery combines and utilizes waste heat.
5, two matter turbines compare with " two-shipper combined cycle heating power unit ": use burning potential energy to finish the Bo Leideng circulation in a turbine, use phase transition potential energy to finish the Lang Ken circulation.Unit output mechanical work.The unit thermal efficiency: 〉=60%.Be applicable to the power source of land route, water route size running mechanism and seat stand machinery.
6, two matter turbines and internal-combustion engine are relatively: the working medium total amount is adjustable.The thermal efficiency: 〉=60%." double-work medium " combined cycle in a turbine.Without piston inertia, rotating speed is high, failure rate is low, service cycle long, the continuous running characteristic is good.The second working medium undergoes phase transition when being the parts cooling, and without pressure cooling system, tail gas is directly discharging not, makes idle work become useful work.
7, discharging: the combustion temperature of any heat engine is all very high, and incandescent spot is all more than 2000 ℃, and in the red-hot environment of high heat, carbon dioxide might be generated carbon monoxide and oxygen by for the second time pyrolysis, and nitrogen can be oxidized, generates oxynitrides.Two matter machines adopt the low-temperature burning technology, do not have all the time incandescent spot, low-carbon environment-friendly.
8, a large amount of water vapors have replaced (needing consume fuel) combustion gas in two matter machines, and oil consumption rate reduced, also in proportion reduction of the discharging of carbon dioxide, low-carbon environment-friendly.
9, two matter turbines have improved the working medium gross mass in a large number, and the second working medium undergoes phase transition when being the component cooling.Fuel gas temperature is suitable for regulation and control at 1300 ± 50 ℃.Not only eliminate heat injury, can also stop the generation of harmful gas.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine overall structure sketch.
Fig. 2 is longitudinal ripple isolating plate cross-sectional structure sketch.
Embodiment
The ideas of energy-saving of two matter turbines is the working medium total amounts that as far as possible increase the hot merit conversion, if want to improve the hot merit transfer capability of heat engine, if it is nonsensical to change fuel value, must change " working medium ".
Two matter turbines replenish highdensity liquid refrigerant and replace low-density gaseous working medium, with " delayed heat " liquid refrigerant is undergone phase transition, reduce the compression work of gas compressor, water take little specific volume substitutes the air of large specific volume fully as firing chamber and turbo wheel cooling, do not need cooling working medium is compressed, only provide some transmitting powers to get final product.
Two matter turbines only need gas compressor to get final product for fuel provides the oxygen supply air of capacity by " air-fuel ratio ".
The compression work of cancellation cooling-air also reduces the compression work of keeping demand, the demand of final compression work is very little, only account for about 17% of turbine merit, 3 ~ 5% the conveying merit of adding that the second working medium supply system needs, all gross demands from wasted work account for 20 ~ 25% of turbine merit.Remaining shaft work of about 75% can offer load fully.
Referring to Fig. 1,2, the component title is as follows: turbine and axle 1, compressor impeller 2, compressor blade 3, compressor housings 4, lubricating oil inlet 5, fuel filler 6, infrared rays guard 7, body 8 in oil, the water nozzle, oil nozzle 9, relief opening 10, water spout 11, Tap cover 12, annular combustion chamber 13, phase transformation chamber 27; Annular combustion chamber, phase transformation chamber have isolating plate 14 therebetween, are divided into firing chamber 13 and phase transformation chamber 27; Doughnut one end is with annular oil nozzle 9 and annular water spout 11, and annular oil nozzle 9 is communicated with firing chamber 13; Annular water spout 11 is communicated with phase transformation chamber 27; The other end steam of doughnut and combustion gas converge by guide plate and jointly blow to turbine blade 17.
Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine comprises a moving element, fuel supply system, the second working medium supply system, Electrical System, lubricating system, load.Concrete experiment structure is: it comprises left side turbine and axle 1, the right turbine, turbine blade 17; On left side turbine and the axle 1 compressor impeller 2 is arranged, compressor blade 3, compressor housings 4; Annular combustion chamber 13, phase transformation chamber 27 are arranged in the turbine shroud; Firing chamber, phase transformation chamber comprise doughnut, and doughnut has isolating plate 14 therebetween, are divided into firing chamber 13 and phase transformation chamber 27; Doughnut one end is with annular oil nozzle 9 and annular water spout 11, and annular oil nozzle 9 is communicated with firing chamber 13; Annular water spout 11 is communicated with phase transformation chamber 27; The steam of the doughnut the other end and combustion gas are joined and are jointly blowed to turbine blade 17 by baffle.
Isolating plate 14 is corrugated sheet (back taper tubular), and area of contact is large.Oil nozzle 9 is the 45o cone angle.Be provided with infrared rays guard 7 before the 13 ingress oil nozzles 9 of firing chamber.Firing chamber 13 is ring circular cone longitudinal ripple spaces.Phase transformation chamber 27 is back taper longitudinal ripple spaces of 25 of outer wall of combustion chamber isolating plate 14 and phase transformation chamber outer walls.
Referring to Fig. 2, separated by longitudinal ripple isolating plate 14 between firing chamber 13 and the phase transformation chamber 27, isolating plate 14 be the outer wall of firing chamber 13 be again the inwall of phase transformation chamber 27.
The gas compressor circumference is supplied gas.Fuel injection nozzle is annular, the ejection of 45o cone angle circumference.The narrow annular passage of calming the anger is connected the narrow annular entry of annular combustion chamber 13.Firing chamber 13 can be divided into two kinds: direct-fired and infrared-type.Direct-fired: fuel closely sprays to firing chamber 13 narrow annular entries with the 45o cone angle, and fuel takes fire in the ingress; Infrared-type: infrared rays guard 7(such as tungsten filament are set before entrance), fuel is in 7 burnings of infrared rays guard.Firing chamber 13 is " ring circular cone longitudinal ripple spaces ".Phase transformation chamber 27 is firing chamber 13 outer wall corrugated sheets and 25 of tubular phase transformation chamber outer walls " back taper longitudinal ripple space ".
The phase transition process of the combustion process of combustion gas and the second working medium does not directly absorb vaporization heat at same pressure space complete independently from combustion gas, do not affect the fuel normal combustion.
The heat energy of low heat density is progressively reclaimed by the second working medium and brings (rather than transmission) back to high temperature heat source, absorbs the heat of outer wall of combustion chamber ripple isolating plate 14 again, finishes phase transformation, produces phase transition potential energy, directly makes useful work.
The motor of combustion manner of remaining silent can only utilize the chemical energy of the first step, and the energy later to the second step can only be discharged in the atmosphere as " delayed heat ", makes idle work.
The motor of opening combustion manner does not possess the appointed condition that utilizes and transform to the first step energy, can only utilize the physical energy of the second step, and the first step and the later free discharging of heat energy of the 3rd step are made idle work.
The complementary device condition that hot merit transforms can be carried out simultaneously to the chemical energy of the first step in the fuel energy and the second step and later physical energy in annular combustion chamber and phase transformation chamber just two matter turbines.
Working procedure: 1, start: disconnecting consumers at first during startup, open ignition power, start turbine rotor with pressurized air (or motor).When rotating speed reaches 8,000 ~ 10, in the time of 000 rev/min, open rapidly 40% of combustion gas (combustion gas replaces with liquid gas) valve, warming up, in good time standard-sized sheet LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) valve.Combustion gas enters annular oil nozzle 9 from fuel filler 6; Supply with pressurized air by gas compressor, mix at annular oil nozzle 9 places, (electrical spark is lighted) directly enters annular combustion chamber 13 burnings, and combustion gas is burnt heat with longitudinal ripple isolating plate 14; 2, through 30 ~ 40 seconds running preheating, start the second working medium supply system, trace is opened valve, allows a small amount of water enter phase transformation chamber 27, and cooling combustion chamber isolating plate 14 undergoes phase transition simultaneously; 3, wet vapor and combustion gas enter two gas passage mixed heat transfers in the outlet port of longitudinal ripple isolating plate 14: 4, the cold water of filling in water storage box (heat exchanger) enters stealthy heat exchanger 19 through cold water inlet 26 in advance, absorb tail gas heat quantity, further heat up, enter the firing chamber cooling jacket by warm water outlet 20, absorb the heat of Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber, reach the liquid-vaqor interface temperature, hot water enters annular water spout 11 by entrance 24, spray to longitudinal ripple isolating plate 14 through annular water spout 11, for annular combustion chamber 13 coolings undergo phase transition simultaneously, the water vapor that undergoes phase transition enters two gas passages from relief opening 10 through steam-water separator; 5, wet vapor is in isolating plate 14 outlet ports and combustion gas mixing, heat exchange, and superheated vapor and combustion gas blow to turbine blade 17 jointly through the turbulent mixture heat exchange of eddy flow guide plate 16, after accelerating; 6, stator guide plate 18 stops the eddy flow of two gas to play a leading role, and pushes back to 17 1 reaction forces of turbine blade; 7, the turbine merit drives compressor impeller 2 for gas compressor provides compression work by turbine and turbine and axle 1, is with simultaneously dynamic load to make shaft work.
Claims (2)
1. a Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine reduces gas turbine from the wasted work method, it is characterized in that spraying to outer wall of combustion chamber the hot water of interface temperature, and the heat that absorbs outer wall of combustion chamber undergoes phase transition, and to replace low-density air be the firing chamber cooling; The decrease oil consumption rate also just reduces the oxygen supply demand in proportion, further reduces the compression work of gas compressor.
2. reduce gas turbine from the wasted work method according to claim 1 or 2 described Double working medium combination circulate turbomachines, it is characterized in that gas compressor only needs to provide capacity oxygen supply air by air-fuel ratio for fuel, only need 20 ~ 25% turbine merit, all the other turbine merits offer load fully.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104454174A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-25 | 罗显平 | Method for improving power take-off power of gas engine |
| CN110374749A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-25 | 李贵臣 | A kind of consumption reduction speed-raising reduction infrared radiation device for jet engine |
| CN111197534A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-05-26 | 田国庆 | Hybrid power aeroengine |
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| JP2001012209A (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2001-01-16 | Hiroyasu Tanigawa | Steam gas turbine united engine device |
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| CN2752444Y (en) * | 2004-08-01 | 2006-01-18 | 王军 | Double working medium combination circulate turbomachine |
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| CN1202572A (en) * | 1997-06-17 | 1998-12-23 | 抚顺市科学技术委员会 | Double working medium united circulation single machine system engine |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104454174A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-03-25 | 罗显平 | Method for improving power take-off power of gas engine |
| CN110374749A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-10-25 | 李贵臣 | A kind of consumption reduction speed-raising reduction infrared radiation device for jet engine |
| CN111197534A (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2020-05-26 | 田国庆 | Hybrid power aeroengine |
| CN111197534B (en) * | 2020-03-10 | 2021-01-29 | 田国庆 | Hybrid power aeroengine |
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| CN102900528B (en) | 2016-01-20 |
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