CN102895216B - 一种抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊及其制备方法。本发明以碳酸钙微球为模板,通过溶胶-凝胶及自组装的方法将有机-无机复合脂质组装到胶体微球表面,同时类脂质双分子层可负载脂溶性抗癌药物。通过化学方法将碳酸钙模板微球除去得到粒径均一、可控,性质稳定且单分散的硅质体微胶囊。将该硅质体微胶囊与水溶性抗癌药物共同孵育,从而将水溶性药物包埋到微胶囊内部。制备微胶囊的材料有机-无机复合脂质无毒且具有良好的生物相容性。本发明的制备方法工艺简单、操作条件温和、重复性好,缓释效果好,可同时适用于脂溶性抗癌药物及水溶性抗癌药物的包埋和可控释放,具有良好应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物医学材料领域,具体地说,涉及一种抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊及其制备方法。
背景技术
恶性肿瘤是严重危害人类健康的疾病之一,化疗是目前必不可少的治疗方法。但目前的化疗药物以游离方式进入人体后不仅对肿瘤细胞有杀灭作用,同时对正常细胞也有杀伤作用,从而引起严重的毒副作用。临床上抗癌药物的副反应主要表现在:抑制骨髓造血功能,血小板及白细胞减少,胃肠道反应等。有些药物对心脏、肝脏有明显的毒性,这些毒性作用增加了患者在化疗过程中的痛苦,很大程度上限制了抗癌药物在临床中的应用。脂质体作为诊断和治疗药物的载体已经得到越来越广泛的关注。尤其是脂质体已经被用来包裹各种亲水的和疏水的抗癌药物。但是脂质体最大的缺点是化学和物理的不稳定性,脂质体囊泡容易破裂,其内容物抗癌药物在到达肿瘤部位之前过早地泄漏,达不到缓释的效果,严重影响了它们在临床上的应用。
硅质体是一种类脂质体,是由一个分子连接两个疏水性的碳链和一个亲水性的有机硅烷分子组成的新型脂质分子,这种分子在水中通过溶胶-凝胶和自组装过程形成囊泡,囊泡表面覆盖有纳米级厚度的无机硅酸盐壳层,用稳定的Si-C键将无机层和有机二分子体连接在一起。
硅质体与传统的脂质体囊泡相比,是一种非常稳定的囊泡结构,是有机-无机的杂化材料。与传统的常规脂质体相比,硅质体表面的硅氧烷网络显著增加了脂质体的稳定性,对表面活性剂、酸碱都有很好的稳定性。硅质体作为药物载体很好地解决了脂质体的种种不足,但同时存在一个问题,就是硅质体粒径分布范围较宽,用常规制备方法无法使其粒径均一,这在一定程度上影响了它们未来的实际应用。如果能精确控制其粒径范围,将具有重大意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种粒径均一、稳定性强、可负载亲水性和疏水性抗癌药物于一体的硅质体微胶囊及其制备方法。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
本发明针对目前脂质体和硅质体存在的一些问题,利用模板法制备得到一种新型药物载体——硅质体微胶囊。模板法制备得到的中空微胶囊的尺寸更易控制、也更为均匀。将很好地解决硅质体稳定性差、粒径分布不均一、不可控的缺点。硅质体微胶囊的外表面是类脂质体的双层膜结构,中间是水相,所以既可以包裹水溶性抗癌药物又可以包裹脂溶性抗癌药物。具体如下:
一种抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将有机-无机复合脂质与疏水性药物共同溶于有机溶剂中,旋转蒸发去除有机溶剂,形成一层脂质薄膜;所述疏水性抗癌药物为紫杉醇、多西他赛、喜树碱、羟基喜树碱或长春新碱;
(2)将CaCO3模板微球溶液加入到脂质薄膜中,孵育;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的混合溶液进行水浴超声;
(4)超声后得到的溶液室温静置,待模板微球表面形成无机硅酸盐壳层;
(5)将表面覆盖有机-无机复合脂质的CaCO3模板微球,用0.02M 的EDTA溶液或pH=4的乙二酸溶液将CaCO3模板微球除掉,即得到硅质体微胶囊;
(6)将硅质体微胶囊在与水溶性药物共同孵育得到包裹亲水性药物的微胶囊;水溶性药物为盐酸阿霉素、柔红霉素、阿糖胞苷、顺铂或5-氟尿嘧啶。
在上述抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊的制备方法中,所述的有机溶剂为三氯甲烷、二氯甲烷、甲醇、乙醇中任意一种或多种混合。
在上述抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊的制备方法中,所述的有机-无机复合脂质的结构如有机-无机复合脂质1或2:
有机-无机复合脂质1:
有机-无机复合脂质2:
或者。
在上述抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊的制备方法中,步骤(2)所述的孵育温度为40℃~45℃,孵育时间为30min。
在上述抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊的制备方法中,步骤(3)中所述的超声功率为100W,超声时间为5~10min。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:
本发明提供了一种抗癌药物硅质体微胶囊的制备方法,硅质体是一种有机-无机杂化材料,它是含有硅醚基团的类脂化合物在水溶液中,通过溶胶-凝胶的自组装过程包覆在模板微球表面,表面同时形成一层三维网状硅酸盐结构,稳定的Si-C键将无机层和有机二分子体连接在一起。待交联完成,采用物理或化学的方法去除模板,即可得到硅质体微胶囊。表面的硅酸盐结构显著增强了微胶囊的稳定性,而且硅质体的双层膜之间可以包裹脂溶性物质。因此,本发明中的硅质体微胶囊具有稳定性好、粒径均一可控、可以携载水溶性及脂溶性抗癌药物等优点。硅质体微胶囊应用于抗癌药物的包裹及输送系统将具有广阔的前景。
附图说明
图1是 硅质体的结构示意图;
图2 是实施例1中CaCO3微球的激光共聚焦照片;
图3为实施例1硅质体微胶囊的激光共聚焦照片;
图4为实施例1中硅质体微胶囊负载盐酸阿霉素后的激光共聚焦照片;
图5为实施例2中盐酸阿霉素硅质体微胶囊药物释放曲线(释放条件是pH=7.4及pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中);
图6为实施例3中硅质体微胶囊负载盐酸阿霉素后的激光共聚焦照片;
图7为实施例4中硅质体微胶囊负载脂溶性香豆素-6后的激光共聚焦照片;
图8为实施例5中紫杉醇硅质体微胶囊的扫描电镜照片;
具体实施方式
实施例1:
(1)分别配制0.025M的Na2CO3 、Ca(NO3)2 溶液各100mL Ca(NO3)2 溶液中加入400mg聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS),待其完全溶解后,快速加入Na2CO3 溶液,600 rpm搅拌15s,静置20min,离心洗涤三次得到碳酸钙微粒,粒径为5微米,激光共聚焦照片见图2。
(2)精密称取10mg有机-无机复合脂质1溶于2mL三氯甲烷中,旋转蒸发除去三氯甲烷,茄形瓶瓶底形成一层透明的脂质薄膜。将4mg/mL粒径均一且带正电的CaCO3微球的溶液5mL加入到脂质薄膜中,45℃水浴孵育30min后水浴超声5min。室温静置12h后,加入0.2M EDTA溶液反应一段时间后,离心除上清,以上过程可重复3-5次,用以彻底除去碳酸钙,去核后得到粒径均一的硅质体微囊。激光共聚焦照片见图3。
(3)将实施例1中所制备得到的硅质体微胶囊与0.03M的硫酸铵溶液室温孵育,反应30min后,经葡聚糖凝胶柱得到囊内含有硫酸铵溶液的硅质体微囊。将产品与盐酸阿霉素室温孵育一段时间后。5000rpm/min离心5min除上清,得到负载盐酸阿霉素的粒径均一硅质体微胶囊,盐酸阿霉素的包封率为89.2%,激光共聚焦照片见图4。
实施例2:
(1)同实施例1步骤1;
(2)同实施例1步骤2;
(3)同实施例1步骤3,将负载盐酸阿霉素的硅质体微胶囊于pH=7.4及pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中释放药物,检测药物释放速度,见图5。该实验组能够说明盐酸阿霉素包裹在硅质体微胶囊中对药物能起到缓释作用,在中性或者酸性条件下都有较好的缓释效果。
实施例3:
(1)同实施例1步骤1;
(2)同实施例1步骤2,区别在于所用脂质为有机-无机复合脂质2。
(3)同实施例1步骤3,盐酸阿霉素的包封率为84.4%。说明采用有机-无机复合脂质2为原料制备的硅质体微胶囊具有包裹亲水性药物的能力,并且包封率很高。
实施例4:
(1)同实施例1步骤1;
(2)同实施例1步骤2,区别在于在有机-无机复合脂质溶液中加入一定量脂溶性香豆素-6(带有绿色荧光模拟脂溶性药物),激光共聚焦照片见图6。
该实验组能够得到得到的微胶囊能够均匀的分散于水中,激光共聚焦显微镜照片为截面图,可以说明硅质体微胶囊可同时包裹疏水性和亲水性药物。
实施例5:
(1)同实施例1步骤1;
(2)同实施例1步骤2,区别在于取0.1mL脂溶性药物紫杉醇乙醇溶液(浓度为5mg/mL)和有机-无机复合脂质1一起溶于2mL三氯甲烷中。该实施例中紫杉醇的包封率达92.8%,说明硅质体微胶囊具有负载脂溶性药物的能力,并且包封率很高。扫描电镜观察紫杉醇硅质体微胶囊具有球形结构且粒径均一、分散性好,见图7。
实施例6:
同实施例5,区别在于采用的脂质为有机-无机复合脂质2。该实施例中紫杉醇的包封率达90.5%,说明采用有机-无机复合脂质2的硅质体微胶囊具有负载脂溶性的药物的能力,并且包封率很高。
Claims (1)
1.一种盐酸阿霉素硅质体微胶囊的制备方法,其特征在于包括如下步骤:
(1)分别配制0.025M的Na2CO3、Ca(NO3)2溶液各100mL Ca(NO3)2溶液中加入400mg聚苯乙烯磺酸钠,待其完全溶解后,快速加入Na2CO3溶液,600rpm搅拌15s,静置20min,离心洗涤三次得到碳酸钙微粒,粒径为5微米;
(2)精密称取10mg有机-无机复合脂质1溶于2mL三氯甲烷中,旋转蒸发除去三氯甲烷,茄形瓶瓶底形成一层透明的脂质薄膜;将4mg/mL粒径均一且带正电的CaCO3微球的溶液5mL加入到脂质薄膜中,45℃水浴孵育30min后水浴超声5min;室温静置12h后,加入0.2M EDTA溶液反应后,离心除上清,以上过程重复3-5次,用以彻底除去碳酸钙,去核后得到粒径均一的硅质体微囊;
(3)将实施例1中所制备得到的硅质体微胶囊与0.03M的硫酸铵溶液室温孵育,反应30min后,经葡聚糖凝胶柱得到囊内含有硫酸铵溶液的硅质体微囊;将产品与盐酸阿霉素室温孵育后;5000rpm/min离心5min除上清,得到负载盐酸阿霉素的粒径均一硅质体微胶囊;
有机-无机复合脂质1的结构式如下所示:
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