CN102885318A - Method for extracting sweet potato dietary fibers - Google Patents
Method for extracting sweet potato dietary fibers Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for extracting sweet potato dietary fibers, which belongs to the field of bioengineering and is easy in raw material getting, high in efficiency and environmental-friendly. The method comprises the steps of starch removal, enzymatic hydrolysis, centrifugation and dietary fiber extraction, wherein the insoluble dietary fiber extraction comprises insoluble dietary fiber extraction and soluble dietary fiber extraction; the insoluble dietary fiber extraction comprises the processes of centrifuging the enzymatically hydrolyzed mixed solution to obtain precipitates and supernatant separated from each other, soaking the obtained precipitate with ethanol and then carrying out suction filtration to obtain solids and filtrate, wherein the obtained solids are insoluble dietary fibers; and the soluble dietary fiber extraction comprises the processes of carrying out water bath to evaporate most of the moisture of the obtained supernatant and filtrate, then adding ethanol to carry out digestion so that flocculent precipitates appear in the supernatant and the filtrate, and separating the flocculent precipitates from the supernatant and filtrate, wherein the obtained flocculent precipitates are soluble dietary fibers.
Description
Technical field
The extracting method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber of the present invention belongs to bioengineering field.
Background technology
Dietary fiber has the stronger effect that oil, imbibition power, retention ability, solubilization, combination and exchange cation ability, absorption are chelated with the organic compounds effect and induce microorganism of holding, it can prevent and treat various diseases, is called as " the 7th nutrient " after starch, protein, fat, vitamin, mineral matter and water.
Existing extraction dietary fiber method is, remove starch, regulate Ph, enzymolysis, extract dietary fiber, such as Chinese patent 200710038695.2, the preparation method of the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber that contains Sweet Potato Resistant Starch of record: at first fresh sweet potato is cut into filament, behind the bake drying, it is pulverized with pulverizer, and water flush away part sweet potato starch, then in retentate, add its water yield of 8～15 times, stir and just form slurry, through processes such as heating gelatinization coolings, add α-amylasehydrolysis, amylorrhexis, regulate its pH value to 4～5 with watery hydrochloric acid again, add Glucoamylase hydrolysis, water flush away soluble part then finally obtains containing the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber of Sweet Potato Resistant Starch again, this method has mainly been used AMS and carbohydrase, the shortcoming of this method is: 1, contain remaining a large amount of protein and residual enzyme in the sweet potato fiber of resistant starch, it is lower to extract product purity, therefore, in the subsequent applications of this product, may produce because of the existence of reactive protein certain side effect; 2, in the water-washing process, lost a part of resistant starch, the extraction efficiency of active principle is lower; 3, the fiber that obtains is soluble, can not drink the coarse difficult pharynx of eating mouth feel.
Comprise starch in the sweet potato, lipopoteins matter and dietary fiber, dietary fiber comprises soluble dietary fiber and insoluble diedairy fiber, a kind of sweet potato starch, sweet potato of extracting continuously from sweet potato of Chinese patent 200810234538.3 records, the technique of dietary fiber, add colour protecting liquid after sweet potato is cleaned, pulverize, grind, squeezing, make sweet potato dregs, cell liquid separates, after the cleaning fluid of sweet potato dregs and cell liquid merge, cross 200 mesh standard sieves, filtrate by twice centrifugal dehydration after drying obtain starch, behind stove behind the separating starch breast industry degradable starch, molecular cut off is the 5000-10000 ultrafiltration, concentrated, the dry sweet potato crude protein that gets, sweet potato dregs adds bioreactor, adds water, protease, after the amylase reaction, press filtration, drying, pulverize to get insoluble Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber, the shortcoming of this method is: 1, do not collect the easier soluble dietary fiber that is utilized by human body; 2, contain than polysaccharide impurity in the sweet potato fiber that extracts, product purity is lower; 3, power consumption is larger in the whole leaching process, and cost is higher.
In the sweet potato dregs accessory substance that sweet potato starch manufacturing enterprise produces except a small amount of remaining starch, it mainly is exactly dietary fiber (comprising soluble dietary fiber and insoluble diedairy fiber), also have in addition a small amount of lipopoteins matter, this sweet potato dregs accessory substance extracts dietary fiber, and the one, technique is simple; The 2nd, become instinct to reduce; The 3rd, soluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber to be extracted respectively, the utilization rate of sweet potato increases greatly, and the purity of product also promotes greatly; The 4th, the great amount of soluble dietary fiber that extracts for the food processing of deep layer (such as fibre drink) more provides technique and raw material, improves the industrial chain of sweet potato product processing; The 5th, utilize the discarded object of food processing, environment-friendly high-efficiency helps the development of the industry of circulating.
Summary of the invention
For filling up the blank of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber research field, for follow-up sweet potato product, fiber product deep processing provide in earlier stage technology, the invention provides a kind of raw material and be easy to get, efficient, the extracting method of the Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber of environmental protection.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of extracting method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber comprises: remove starch, enzymolysis, centrifugal and extract dietary fiber, described extraction dietary fiber comprises and extracts insoluble diedairy fiber and extract soluble dietary fiber;
Extract insoluble diedairy fiber: through centrifugal action, with precipitation and the supernatant that obtains being separated from each other, the precipitation alcohol immersion that obtains is passed through suction filtration again, will obtain solid and filtrate with the mixed solution behind the enzymolysis; Resulting solid is insoluble diedairy fiber;
Extract soluble dietary fiber: supernatant and filtrate that said process is obtained, evaporate most moisture through water-bath, then carry out lixiviate at adding ethanol, flocculent deposit occur in supernatant and the filtrate this moment, isolating flocculent deposit from supernatant and filtrate, resulting flocculent deposit is soluble dietary fiber.
The present invention increases pretreating process removing between starch and the enzymolysis process, adds NaOH solution, stirs, and soaks 1 hour.
Described enzymolysis is specially, and adds phosphate buffer and adjusts pH, with α-amylasehydrolysis, carbohydrase enzymolysis, adds the sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution again and transfers pH, uses trypsin digestion.
Specific operation process of the present invention is:
The first step, sweet potato flour preparation: fresh sweet potato is cleaned stripping and slicing, with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution soaking 30min, smash to pieces with high-speed tissue mashing machine afterwards, with clear water washing 2～5 times, wash with three layers of filtered through gauze at every turn, obtain fresh sweet potato dregs, dry rear the grinding makes sweet potato flour.
Second step, preliminary treatment: get the sodium hydroxide solution of sweet potato flour and 0.2mol/L, carried out proportioning in 1: 10 by weight, and stir, the rear immersion 1h that stirs, the NaOH of system and the mixed solution of sweet potato flour;
The 3rd step, enzymolysis:
A, in mixed solution, add phosphate buffer, regulate the pH value to 4.5 of mixed solution～about 5.0,
B, a being obtained mixed solution, is under 60 ℃ the condition, to wherein adding AMS liquid, enzyme hydrolysis 40min in temperature; Enzyme goes out;
C, in b with the mixed solution of AMS liquid enzyme hydrolysis, be 4.5～5.0 in the pH value, and temperature is under 60 ℃ the condition, to wherein adding carbohydrase liquid, water-bath hydrolysis 40min; Enzyme goes out;
Add sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution and NaOH in d, the mixed solution that will be among the c be hydrolyzed with the water-bath of carbohydrase liquid, adjusting Ph7～9 are that to wherein adding trypsin solution, water-bath is hydrolyzed 40min under 60 ℃ the condition in temperature; Enzyme goes out;
E, the mixed solution that was hydrolyzed with the trypsin solution water-bath in d carry out water-bath 5min, all enzymes of deactivation in boiling water bath;
In the 4th step, extract dietary fiber:
F, extraction insoluble diedairy fiber: will pass through the mixed solution of boiling water bath in the 3rd step under the process centrifugal action of centrifuge, with precipitation and the supernatant that obtains being separated from each other, the precipitation that obtains transferring to suction filtration on the suction filtration machine, will obtain solid and filtrate with 95% alcohol solution dipping 2min; Resulting solid is insoluble diedairy fiber;
G, extraction soluble dietary fiber: with supernatant and the filtrate that obtains among the F, evaporate most moisture through water-bath, then carry out lixiviate at adding 95% ethanolic solution in 4: 1 ratio, flocculent deposit occur in supernatant and the filtrate this moment, supernatant and filtrate are being isolated flocculent deposit through centrifuge, and resulting flocculent deposit is soluble dietary fiber.
Described trypsin solution is that trypsase and the water of pressed powder is formulated in the ratio of 0.5～0.7mL/g.
Carbohydrase and water that described carbohydrase liquid is pressed powder are formulated in the ratio of 4.0～5.0mL/g.
AMS and water that described AMS liquid is pressed powder are formulated in the ratio of 1.0～1.4mL/g.
Described sweet potato flour also can replace with the accessory substance sweet potato dregs that sweet potato starch manufacturing enterprise produces.
Described trypsin solution, carbohydrase liquid, AMS liquid will place under 4 ℃ the temperature conditions and preserve.
As preferred version of the present invention: described carbohydrase consumption is 5.0mL/g, AMS consumption 1.4mL/g, trypsase consumption 0.5mL/g.
The beneficial effect that the present invention compared with prior art has is:
1, removing between starch and the enzymolysis process, increases pretreating process, add NaOH solution, stir, and soaked 1 hour.The purpose of doing like this is: make the sweet potato starch gelatinization, help decomposition and the removal of starch in the subsequent process.
2, described enzymolysis is specially, and adds phosphate buffer and adjusts pH, with α-amylasehydrolysis, carbohydrase enzymolysis, adds the sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution again and transfers pH, uses trypsin digestion, and enzyme afterwards goes out.After these three kinds of enzymes processing, with the starch in the solution, carbohydrate and protein degradation, by the ethanol precipitation, with degradation product, residual pectin and other Impurity removals, can obtain two kinds of pure dietary fibers afterwards.
3, described sweet potato flour also can replace with the accessory substance sweet potato dregs that sweet potato starch manufacturing enterprise produces.Utilize the sweet potato dregs accessory substance to extract dietary fiber, the one, technique is simple, and the 2nd, become instinct to reduce, the 3rd, solved the processing problem of upstream enterprise discarded object, help to develop the circulation industry.
4, the method according to this invention, use alcohol extract after adding α-amylasehydrolysis, carbohydrase and trypsase, preparation sweet potato dregs diet fiber product under the optimum process condition, the total dietary fiber recovery rate is 81.6%, wherein the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate can reach 25.7%, has greatly improved productivity ratio.Product be the analysis showed that the expansive force of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber and retention ability reach respectively 3.42mL/g and 665%, promotes because purity has had significantly than conventional method that its various functions index all shows better.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the AMS addition is to the influence curve figure of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber recovery rate;
Fig. 2 is that the glucoamylase enzyme addition is to the influence curve figure of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber recovery rate;
Fig. 3 is that the trypsase addition is to the influence curve figure of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber recovery rate.
The specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the specific embodiment:
A kind of extracting method of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber comprises: remove starch, and enzymolysis, centrifugal and extraction dietary fiber, described extraction dietary fiber comprise the extraction insoluble diedairy fiber and extract soluble dietary fiber;
Extract insoluble diedairy fiber: through centrifugal action, with precipitation and the supernatant that obtains being separated from each other, the precipitation alcohol solution dipping that obtains passes through suction filtration again, will obtain solid and filtrate with the mixed solution behind the enzymolysis; Resulting solid is insoluble diedairy fiber;
Extract soluble dietary fiber: supernatant and filtrate that said process is obtained, evaporate most moisture through water-bath, then carry out lixiviate at adding 95% ethanolic solution, flocculent deposit occur in supernatant and the filtrate this moment, isolating flocculent deposit from supernatant and filtrate, resulting flocculent deposit is soluble dietary fiber.
The present invention increases pretreating process removing between starch and the enzymolysis process, is specially and adds NaOH solution, stirs, and soaks 1 hour.
Described enzymolysis is specially, and adds phosphate buffer and adjusts pH, with α-amylasehydrolysis, carbohydrase enzymolysis, adds the sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution again and transfers pH, uses trypsin digestion.
Specific operation process of the present invention is:
The first step, sweet potato flour preparation: fresh sweet potato is cleaned stripping and slicing, with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution soaking 30min, smash to pieces with high-speed tissue mashing machine afterwards, with clear water washing 2～5 times, wash with three layers of filtered through gauze at every turn, obtain fresh sweet potato dregs, dry rear the grinding makes sweet potato flour.
Second step, preliminary treatment: get the sodium hydroxide solution of sweet potato flour and 0.2mol/L, carried out proportioning in 1: 10 by weight, and stir, the rear immersion 1h that stirs, the NaOH of system and the mixed solution of sweet potato flour;
The 3rd step, enzymolysis:
A, in mixed solution, add phosphate buffer, regulate the pH value to 4.5 of mixed solution～about 5.0,
B, a being obtained mixed solution, is under 60 ℃ the condition, to wherein adding AMS liquid, enzyme hydrolysis 40min in temperature; 90 ℃ of enzymes that go out;
C, in b with the mixed solution of AMS liquid enzyme hydrolysis, be 4.5～5.0 in the pH value, and temperature is under 60 ℃ the condition, to wherein adding carbohydrase liquid, water-bath hydrolysis 40min; 90 ℃ of enzymes that go out;
Adding sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution and NaOH in d, the mixed solution that will be among the c be hydrolyzed with the water-bath of carbohydrase liquid, about adjusting Ph7～9, is that to wherein adding trypsin solution, water-bath is hydrolyzed 40min under 60 ℃ the condition in temperature; 90 ℃ of enzymes that go out;
E, the mixed solution that was hydrolyzed with the trypsin solution water-bath in d carry out water-bath 5min, all enzymes of deactivation in boiling water bath;
In the 4th step, extract dietary fiber:
F, extraction insoluble diedairy fiber: will pass through the mixed solution of boiling water bath in the 3rd step under the process centrifugal action of centrifuge, with precipitation and the supernatant that obtains being separated from each other, the precipitation that obtains transferring to suction filtration on the suction filtration machine, will obtain solid and filtrate with 95% alcohol immersion 2min; Resulting solid is insoluble diedairy fiber;
G, extraction soluble dietary fiber: with supernatant and the filtrate that obtains among the F, evaporate most moisture through water-bath, then carry out lixiviate at adding 95% ethanolic solution in 4: 1 ratio, flocculent deposit occur in supernatant and the filtrate this moment, supernatant and filtrate are being isolated flocculent deposit through centrifuge, and resulting flocculent deposit is soluble dietary fiber.
Described trypsin solution is that trypsase and the water of pressed powder is formulated in the ratio of 0.5～0.7mL/g.
Carbohydrase and water that described carbohydrase liquid is pressed powder are formulated in the ratio of 4.0～5.0mL/g.
AMS and water that described AMS liquid is pressed powder are formulated in the ratio of 1.0～1.4mL/g.
Described sweet potato flour also can replace with the accessory substance sweet potato dregs that sweet potato starch manufacturing enterprise produces.
Described trypsin solution, carbohydrase liquid, AMS liquid will place under 3～5 ℃ the temperature conditions and preserve.
Described carbohydrase consumption is 5.0mL/g, AMS consumption 1.4mL/g, trypsase consumption 0.5mL/g.
For the present invention will be further described, below in conjunction with test the present invention done to specify:
Experiment process in early stage: the first step: the sweet potato flour preparation is specially: the fresh sweet potato of 2Kg is cleaned, be cut into small pieces, with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution soaking 30min, smash 20s to pieces with high-speed tissue mashing machine afterwards, with clear water washing 3 times, wash with three layers of filtered through gauze at every turn, in order to remove starch and polysaccharide in the sweet potato dregs, obtain fresh sweet potato dregs, weigh, forced air drying 8h in 60 ℃ of air dry ovens (intermediate demand stirring several times), dry thoroughly rear taking-up cooling is weighed, and dry sealing preservation is for subsequent use.
Second step, the preparation of enzyme liquid, the present invention's required topmost medicine of using of the 3rd step is three kinds of enzymes, be respectively AMS, trypsase and carbohydrase, wherein AMS and carbohydrase are food-grade, and trypsase is chemical pure (250U/mg), and three kinds of enzymes all are pressed powder.
Because the enzyme reagent that the 3rd step will add among the present invention is liquid, the thing that therefore at first needs to do is prepared enzyme liquid exactly.AMS liquid wherein, carbohydrase liquid, the ratio of enzyme and water is respectively 1: 8 (g/mL), 1: 10 (g/mL), 1: 1 (mg/mL) in the trypsin solution preparation.The enzyme liquid for preparing is for subsequent use in 4 ℃ of left and right sides Refrigerator stores, and for keeping better activity, AMS liquid and carbohydrase liquid were preserved 3～5 days, and trypsin solution preserved for 1～2 week.
Experimental design
1, sweet potato is made the sweet potato powder according to the first step of the present invention, then accurately take by weighing 7 parts of 1.000 ± 0.005g sweet potato flours, in 7 50mL conical flasks.
2, in 7 conical flasks of sweet potato were housed, 1: 10 by weight ratio added respectively the NaOH solution of 0.2mol/L, and stirs, and soaked 1 hour.
3, in 7 mixed solutions that then in 2, soaked, add 50mL phosphate buffer (pH4.92), stir and transfer pH to about the 4.5-5.0 with hydrochloric acid.
4, in 7 mixed solutions that then in 3, soaked, add AMS, 55 ℃ of water bath with thermostatic control 40min, 90 ℃ of enzyme 5min that go out.
5, in 7 mixed solutions that then in 4, soaked, add carbohydrase, 55 ℃ of water bath with thermostatic control 40min, 90 ℃ of enzyme 5min that go out.
6, in 7 mixed solutions that then in 5, soaked, add disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution, regulate about Ph to 8 with NaOH.
7, then in 7 mixed solutions in 6, the trypsase of adding, 55 ℃ of water bath with thermostatic control 40min, 90 ℃ of enzyme 5min that go out.
8, with the mixed solution that obtains in 7, under the 4000r/min condition, centrifugal 10min.
9, separation of supernatant and precipitation: add the stirring of 95% ethanol in precipitation, then filter with vavuum pump, 60 ℃ of dry about 6h in air dry oven namely get insoluble diedairy fiber; Get supernatant, in the conical flask of 95% ethanol that fills its 4 times of volumes of packing into, leave standstill after the stirring and spend the night, filter afterwards the drying precipitated soluble dietary fiber that namely gets with vavuum pump.
The diet fiber extraction method of more than taking for this test.Wherein the concrete addition of each material is decided (can provide) on kind of test in 4,5,7 steps in the operation of back, and needs well to stir once in the water-bath process every about 10min.In operation 9, if the soluble dietary fiber clear liquid amount of containing of gained is larger, can use first the Rotary Evaporators evaporation and concentration, make volume-diminished, and then add the absolute ethyl alcohol that tetraploid amasss and precipitate.Insoluble and the soluble dietary fiber that obtains at last needs carry out weighing to its dried weight in wet base respectively, in order to calculate the recovery rate of insoluble diedairy fiber and soluble dietary fiber under the different condition, and compares.
Test results and analysis
The AMS Determination of quantity
Accurately take by weighing respectively 7 parts of 1.000 ± 0.005g sweet potato ground-slags, after adding NaOH solution immersion 1h, add phosphate buffer 50mL, transfer pH4.5～5.0, by 0.6,0.8,1.0,1.2,1.4,1.6, the amount of 1.8mL/g adds AMS liquid, 55 ℃ of water bath with thermostatic control 40min, enzyme goes out, add subsequently 4.5mL carbohydrase liquid enzymolysis 40min, then the high temperature enzyme that goes out adds the sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution, pH value of solution is adjusted to 8, add 0.7mL trypsin solution (250U/mL), all carry out enzymolysis at 55 ℃ of lower water bath with thermostatic control 40min, enzyme afterwards goes out respectively.Investigate the AMS consumption to the impact of dietary fiber extraction effect.
Test according to the described enzymolysis and extraction dietary fiber that carries out of above-mentioned AMS Determination of quantity, acquired results is carried out record analysis, and draw out the dietary fiber recovery rate reaches increases appearance with the AMS addition variation by analyzing the data obtained.
As seen from Figure 1, the dietary fiber recovery rate is along with the increase of AMS consumption is the trend of first increases and then decreases, and when the AMS consumption was increased to about 1.4mL/g, the dietary fiber yield was maximum; Wherein the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate increases first the trend that tends towards stability afterwards along with the increase of AMS consumption shows, when AMS consumption during less than 1.4mL/g, the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate slowly increases, and in 1.4mL/g addition place near maximum, when the AMS consumption surpasses 1.4mL/g, the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate slightly increases, and tends to be steady but increase; According to comprehensive evaluation value, the suitableeest scope of determining to carry out orthogonal test AMS addition is 1.0～1.4mL/g.
Definite 7 parts of 1.000g sweet potato ground-slags that accurately take by weighing respectively of carbohydrase addition, after adding the NaOH solution immersion 1h of 0.2M/L, add phosphate buffer 50mL, transfer pH4.5～5.0, AMS liquid 1.4mL, by 3.5,4.0,4.5,5.0,5.5,6.0, the amount of 6.5mL/g adds carbohydrase liquid, the enzyme that after 55 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control hydrolysis 40min, goes out, adding sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution is adjusted to 8 with pH value of solution, add trypsin solution 0.7mL again and carry out enzymolysis, enzyme afterwards goes out.Investigate the carbohydrase consumption to the impact of dietary fiber extraction effect.
Test according to the described enzymolysis and extraction dietary fiber that carries out of above-mentioned carbohydrase Determination of quantity, acquired results is carried out record analysis, and draw out the dietary fiber recovery rate reaches increases appearance with the carbohydrase addition variation by analyzing the data obtained.As seen from Figure 2, the dietary fiber total yield is along with the increase of carbohydrase consumption slowly reduces after slowly increasing first, when the carbohydrase consumption be increased to 5.0mL/g the time, the dietary fiber yield is maximum; The soluble dietary fiber recovery rate presents the trend of first increases and then decreases along with the increase of carbohydrase consumption, when carbohydrase consumption during less than 4.5mL/g, the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate slowly increases, when carbohydrase consumption during at 4.5～5.5mL/g, the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate tends to be steady, and then sharply descends.According to comprehensive evaluation value, determine that the suitableeest scope of orthogonal test carbohydrase consumption is 4.0～5.0mL/g.
Definite 7 parts of 1.000 ± 0.005g sweet potato ground-slags that accurately take by weighing respectively of trypsase addition after adding NaOH solution soaks 1h, add phosphate buffer 50mL, transfer pH4.5～5.0, AMS liquid 1.4mL, carbohydrase liquid 4.5mL carries out respectively enzymolysis, 55 ℃ of water bath with thermostatic control 40min, enzyme goes out.Add the sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution, pH value of solution is adjusted to 8, by 0.4,0.5,0.6,0.7,0.8,0.9, the amount of 1.0mL/g adds trypsin solution, 55 ℃ of water bath with thermostatic control 40min, enzyme goes out.Investigate the trypsase consumption to the impact of dietary fiber extraction effect.
Test according to the described enzymolysis and extraction dietary fiber that carries out of above-mentioned trypsase Determination of quantity, acquired results is carried out record analysis, and draw out the dietary fiber recovery rate reaches increases appearance with the trypsase addition variation by analyzing the data obtained.
As seen from Figure 3, the dietary fiber recovery rate is along with the increase of trypsase consumption presents the trend that increases progressively, and when surpassing addition above behind the 0.7mL/g, recovery rate begins slow reduction.Because its main physiological action of soluble dietary fiber in the dietary fiber, and make the leading indicator of dietary fiber quality, therefore need this moment emphasis to consider the suffered impact of soluble dietary fiber recovery rate.As we can see from the figure, the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate reduces first the trend that rear increase reduces again along with the increase of trypsase consumption presents, and when the trypsase addition reaches 0.7～0.8mL/g, the soluble dietary fiber extraction rate reached is to maximum, the cause that this may be received the high concentration trypsin acting and be degraded owing to protein in the glycoprotein; Therefore according to comprehensive evaluation value, determine that the trypsase addition scope of orthogonal test is 0.5～0.7mL/g.
The optimum process condition experimental design that the sweet potato dregs dietary fiber extracts
Mainly using three kinds of enzymes among the present invention processes: AMS, trypsase and carbohydrase.In above-mentioned test, analyzed respectively three kinds of enzyme additions to the impact of total dietary fiber recovery rate, and can determine respectively in the situation that other conditions all remain unchanged the optimum amount of various enzymes.On this basis, can carry out enzyme dosage quadrature that the enzymolysis sweet potato dregs extracts dietary fiber has a try and tests.
Orthogonal test the data obtained record as shown in Table 1.Owing to know between three kinds of enzyme addition factors there is not reciprocation according to existing test experience, therefore the 4th row (being that D is blank) be listed as error.Overall merit refers to the overall merit (and average of this summation) of the total recovery rate of dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber recovery rate in the table, summation and average that the K of table below and k represent respectively overall merit under each level of every kind of factor.R represents under every kind of factor, the extreme difference of the overall merit average of three levels (being that maximum deducts minimum of a value).
The enzyme dosage quadrature is had a try and is tested fruit in the table one sweet potato dregs dietary fiber enzymatic isolation method extraction process
By the quadrature shown in the his-and-hers watches one have a try test the fruit analyze, can see very intuitively that the primary and secondary of testing three kinds of listed factors sequentially is C → A → B, i.e. carbohydrase consumption → AMS consumption → trypsase consumption; Optimum combination is (A
3B
1C
3), namely the carbohydrase consumption is 5.0mL/g, AMS consumption 1.4mL/g, trypsase consumption 0.5mL/g.
The enzyme dosage quadrature is had a try and is tested the fruit variance analysis in the table two sweet potato dregs dietary fiber enzymatic isolation method extraction process
By table two quadrature have a try test fruit variance analysis as seen, from the variation of three kinds of factors be successively from big to small: C → B → A (being carbohydrase addition → AMS addition → trypsase addition), F value corresponding to factor C is greater than F
0.05(2,2) and less than F
0.01(2,2) illustrate that the carbohydrase consumption has appreciable impact to the comprehensive evaluation value of dietary fiber.
Carbohydrase enzymolysis technique optimization of orthogonal test
Can be drawn by table two variance analysis, carbohydrase has appreciable impact to the extraction effect of dietary fiber, and therefore with the enzymatic hydrolysis condition of carbohydrase, namely temperature, time and pH are that factor is carried out orthogonal test, and the record analysis result as shown in Table 3.
Because from there being experience not have reciprocation between above three factors as can be known, D (blank) can being listed as with this and being listed as error.Wherein overall merit is the average after corresponding TDF (total dietary fiber) recovery rate and the summation of SDF (soluble dietary fiber) recovery rate, and K and k represent respectively summation and the average of overall merit under each level of every kind of factor (being respectively temperature, time, pH and error row).R represents under every kind of factor, the extreme difference of the overall merit average of three levels (being that maximum deducts minimum of a value).
Carbohydrase consumption quadrature is had a try and is tested fruit in the table three sweet potato dregs dietary fiber enzymatic isolation method extraction process
Can be found out that by the analysis result that table three is listed the primary and secondary that affects the experimental factor of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber recovery rate sequentially is followed successively by A → C → B, i.e. temperature → pH → time, optimum combination is A
3B
2C
1, namely the hydrolysis temperature of carbohydrase is 60 ℃, enzymolysis time 40min, and therefore pH4.5 can determine that this condition is the optimum combination that the carbohydrase enzymolysis is processed the process conditions of sweet potato dregs.Under this optimum process condition, the total recovery rate of enzymatic isolation method Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber can reach 0.879g, and the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate can reach 0.238g.
Sweet potato dregs dietary fiber specificity analysis
Take the optimum extraction process of the optimum of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber as the examination testpieces, preparation sweet potato dregs diet fiber product, and the indices such as the retention ability of prepared diet fiber product, expansive force are measured, the result is as shown in Table 4.
Table four sweet potato dregs diet fiber product Quality Index Analysis
Can be found out that by table four the total recovery rate of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber is 81.6%, wherein the soluble dietary fiber recovery rate can reach 25.7%.Recently, increasing research finds that the soluble dietary fiber physio-biochemical characteristics obviously are better than insoluble diedairy fiber, and soluble dietary fiber should account for 30～50% in total dietary fiber, and the cereals fiber does not nearly all reach this standard at present.The expansive force of sweet potato dregs dietary fiber and retention ability have reached respectively 3.42mL/g and 665%, and its various functions index all shows better.
Modern study shows that the dietary fiber retention ability can increase human body defecation volume and speed, alleviates rectal pressure, prevents the generation of constipation, colon cancer.Simultaneously its surface with active group, can close absorption cholesterol and bile by huge legendary turtle, thereby reduce the incidence of disease of coronary heart disease.Volume increases after the dietary fiber rehydration in addition, easily causes satiety, thereby the prevention hyperalimentation causes the generation of obesity.
Claims (10)
1. the extracting method of a Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber comprises: remove starch, and enzymolysis, centrifugal and extract dietary fiber, it is characterized in that: described extraction dietary fiber comprises and extracts insoluble diedairy fiber and extract soluble dietary fiber;
Extract insoluble diedairy fiber: through centrifugal action, with precipitation and the supernatant that obtains being separated from each other, the precipitation alcohol immersion that obtains is passed through suction filtration again, will obtain solid and filtrate with the mixed solution behind the enzymolysis; Resulting solid is insoluble diedairy fiber;
Extract soluble dietary fiber: supernatant and filtrate that said process is obtained, evaporate most moisture through water-bath, then carry out lixiviate at adding ethanol, flocculent deposit occur in supernatant and the filtrate this moment, isolating flocculent deposit from supernatant and filtrate, resulting flocculent deposit is soluble dietary fiber.
2. the extracting method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: removing between starch and the enzymolysis process, increase pretreating process, add NaOH solution, stir, and soaked 1 hour.
3. the extracting method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described enzymolysis is specially, and adds phosphate buffer and adjusts pH, with α-amylasehydrolysis, carbohydrase enzymolysis, add again the sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution and transfer pH, use trypsin digestion.
4. the extracting method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: specific operation process is:
The first step, sweet potato flour preparation: fresh sweet potato is cleaned stripping and slicing, with sodium bicarbonate aqueous solution soaking 30min, smash to pieces with high-speed tissue mashing machine afterwards, with clear water washing 2～5 times, wash with three layers of filtered through gauze at every turn, obtain fresh sweet potato dregs, dry rear the grinding makes sweet potato flour.
Second step, preliminary treatment: get the sodium hydroxide solution of sweet potato flour and 0.2mol/L, carried out proportioning in 1: 10 by weight, and stir, the rear immersion 1h that stirs makes the mixed solution of NaOH and sweet potato flour;
The 3rd step, enzymolysis:
A, in mixed solution, add phosphate buffer, regulate the pH value to 4.5 of mixed solution～about 5.0,
B, a being obtained mixed solution, is under 60 ℃ the condition, to wherein adding AMS liquid, enzyme hydrolysis 40min in temperature; Enzyme goes out;
C, in b with the mixed solution of AMS liquid enzyme hydrolysis, be 4.5～5.0 in the pH value, and temperature is under 60 ℃ the condition, to wherein adding carbohydrase liquid, water-bath hydrolysis 40min; Enzyme goes out;
Add sodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution and NaOH in d, the mixed solution that will be among the c be hydrolyzed with the water-bath of carbohydrase liquid, adjusting Ph to 8 is that to wherein adding trypsin solution, water-bath is hydrolyzed 40min under 60 ℃ the condition in temperature; Enzyme goes out;
E, the mixed solution that was hydrolyzed with the trypsin solution water-bath in d carry out water-bath 5min, all enzymes of deactivation in boiling water bath;
In the 4th step, extract dietary fiber:
F, extraction insoluble diedairy fiber: will pass through the mixed solution of boiling water bath in the 3rd step under the process centrifugal action of centrifuge, with precipitation and the supernatant that obtains being separated from each other, the precipitation that obtains transferring to suction filtration on the suction filtration machine, will obtain solid and filtrate with 95% alcohol solution dipping 2min; Resulting solid is insoluble diedairy fiber;
G, extraction soluble dietary fiber: with supernatant and the filtrate that obtains among the F, evaporate most moisture through water-bath, then carry out lixiviate at adding 95% ethanolic solution in 4: 1 ratio, flocculent deposit occur in supernatant and the filtrate this moment, supernatant and filtrate are being isolated flocculent deposit through centrifuge, and resulting flocculent deposit is soluble dietary fiber.
5. the extracting method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described trypsin solution is that trypsase and the water of pressed powder is formulated in the ratio of 0.5～0.7mL/g.
6. the extracting method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: carbohydrase and water that described carbohydrase liquid is pressed powder are formulated in the ratio of 4.0～5.0mL/g.
7. the extracting method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: AMS and water that described AMS liquid is pressed powder are formulated in the ratio of 1.0～1.4mL/g.
8. the extracting method of a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the accessory substance sweet potato dregs replacement that described sweet potato flour also can use sweet potato starch manufacturing enterprise to produce.
9. the extracting method of each described a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 5～7 is characterized in that: described trypsin solution, carbohydrase liquid, AMS liquid will place under 4 ℃ the temperature conditions and preserve.
10. the extracting method of each described a kind of Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae dietary fiber according to claim 4-7, it is characterized in that: described carbohydrase consumption is 5.0mL/g, AMS consumption 1.4mL/g, trypsase consumption 0.5mL/g.
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