CN102878006A - 波力发电机 - Google Patents

波力发电机 Download PDF

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CN102878006A
CN102878006A CN2011103463711A CN201110346371A CN102878006A CN 102878006 A CN102878006 A CN 102878006A CN 2011103463711 A CN2011103463711 A CN 2011103463711A CN 201110346371 A CN201110346371 A CN 201110346371A CN 102878006 A CN102878006 A CN 102878006A
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CN102878006B (zh
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权赫珉
权五均
李正烈
朴相信
赵一衡
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Gyeongju University Education and Industry Cooperation
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
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    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B3/00—Machines or engines of reaction type; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B3/16—Stators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1845—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem
    • F03B13/187—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom slides relative to the rem and the wom directly actuates the piston of a pump
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    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
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    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
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    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种改进的波力发电机。所述发电机包括桩；其相对两端分别固定至所述桩和浮动体的锁链；抽吸管，其一端与所述桩的内部连通，其另一端固定至所述浮动体以从海平面暴露出；及供气管，其一端连接至所述管的上端以与所述管连通，其另一端固定至所述浮动体以从所述海平面暴露出。所述锁链由填充空气的管密封并被其包围。所述抽吸管设为穿过所述管。因此，由于减小了锁链的重量，未阻碍波浪造成的浮动体的垂直移动，藉此增大浮动体的总垂直移动。此外，可将锚容易地安装至海床并且从其脱离，藉此方便共振型波浪发电机的移动。

Description

波力发电机
技术领域
本发明的实施例涉及一种波力发电机，尤其涉及将波能高效地转换为电能的波力发电机。
技术背景
有两种方式可使用波能生成电能。第一种方法中，通过在两个相对移动的浮动体之间插入永磁体和线圈而构成波浪发电机。第二种方法中，波浪发电机包括被插入带有永磁体的单个浮动体的块体，和插在相对移动的块体和浮动体之间的线圈。
第一种方法需要相对移动的两个浮动体，其中一个固定至海床，而另一个在波浪表面浮动，并且这两个浮动体在水密状态下相对着移动。由此，这一方法的结构较复杂，并且维修困难。
第二种方法仅需要一个固定至海床的浮动体，并且向该浮动体提供水密结构。因此，比起第一种方法，第二种方法的结构较简单，并且便于维修，由此比第一种方法更多地应用于波浪发电机。
根据第二种方法，为了增大块体的垂直提升量(幅度)，由浮动体中的弹性部件支撑块体，并且弹性部件的无阻尼固有频率与波浪频率相匹配，这会使得块体的振荡越来越大，以在弹性部件和波浪之间生成共振，藉此使得块体的垂直提升量为最大，并且增大电力生成效率。WO2005/040603中揭露了使用第二种方法的示例。
在沿海地区设置多个此类生成共振的波浪发电机，并且通过锚和线将其固定至海床，以防止波浪发电机沿波浪方向漂动。
然而，其一端固定至锚并且另一端固定至浮动体的锁链的重量妨碍了波浪使得浮动体向上运动，从而减小了浮动体的垂直提升量。
此外，由于锚固定至位于海床中的混凝土结构，对于工人而言，使得共振型的波浪发电机着陆或为了对其进行维修而使其装船或者为了安装而使其从波浪较小的地方移动至波浪较大的地方，是极其缓慢和困难的。
发明内容
本发明用于解决上述问题。
根据本发明的一个方面，一种波力发电机包括：用作桩的锚；其相对两端分别固定至所述桩和浮动体的锁链，所述锁链由填充空气的管密封并被其包围；抽吸管，其一端与所述桩的内部连通，其另一端固定至所述浮动体以从海平面暴露出，所述抽吸管设为穿过所述管；及供气管，其一端连接至所述管的上端以与所述管连通，其另一端固定至所述浮动体以从所述海平面暴露出。
附图说明
结合附图，参考下文对实施例的详细描述，可理解本发明的上述及其它方面、特征、及优点，其中：
图1根据本发明实施例的波力发电机的前视图；
图2为根据本发明的发电单元的前视图；
图3示出了图1波力发电机的安装；及
图4示出了图1波力发电机的转运。
具体实施方式
现参考图1～4描述本发明的实施例。
参考图1，根据实施例的波力发电机100包括壳体10、浮动体50，桩20、及锁链30，壳体10密封地容纳发电单元40，发电单元40通过永磁体和线圈的相对移动在线圈中生成感应电动势来发电，浮动体50包围壳体10的下部并且同时暴露壳体10的上部，锁链30的相对两端分别固定至浮动体50和桩20。
浮动体50的形状为大致的不倒翁形(tumbler shape)，并且包括块体(mass)51，块体51插入浮动体50的下部以使重心位于浮动体50的底部中心。
参考图1和2，发电单元40包括紧固地内接入壳体10的上端的上盘41；紧固地内接入壳体10的下端的下盘42；多个直立导轨43，所述导轨43的相对两端固定至上盘41和下盘42的边缘，并且以相对于上盘41和下盘42的中心轴线的相同相差设置；直立固定轴44，其相对两端固定至上盘41和下盘42的中心区域；一对承载环形板45，其朝向上盘41和下盘42的中心轴线以预定的间隔设置并且可沿直立导轨43上下移动；管状的永磁体46，其紧固地外接在直立固定轴44上，并且可移动地内接入所述一对承载环形板45；管状配重部件(weight member)47，其上端和下端固定至所述一对承载环形板45，并且可移动地外接在永磁体46上；线圈48，其紧固地外接在配重部件47上；多个上弹簧49a，各具有与上盘41接触的上端和与所述承载环形板45中的上承载环形板接触的下端；及多个下弹簧49b，各具有与所述承载环形板45中的下承载环形板接触的上端和与下盘42接触的下端。
上弹簧49a和下弹簧49b的无阻尼固有频率与安装波力发电机100的海岸处的波浪平均频率相对应，由此在上弹簧49a和下弹簧49b与配重部件47之间发生共振。因此，使得配重部件47的平均垂直移动量为最大，以使波力发电机100可有效发出最大的电量。
参考图1和3，桩20包括具有开口底部和闭合顶部21的管状部22、设在顶部21的中心以连接至锁链30下端的环23、及形成在顶部21中的通孔24。
锁链30插入挠性管60中，并且沿管60的纵向延伸，锁链30的相对两端从管60暴露出。
管60的相对两端密封地连接至穿过管60的锁链30。
挠性抽吸管70在管60的内部沿管60的纵向方向延伸。
此外，抽吸管70的下端通过管60的下端连接至桩20的通孔24，以与桩20连通，并且抽吸管70的上端通过管60的上端固定至浮动体50的侧壁。
管60的被抽吸管70的上端和下端穿过的部分密封地连接至抽吸管70。
此外，管60的上端连接至供气管90的下端，以使得管60与供气管90连通，并且供气管90的上端连接至浮动体50的侧壁。
供气管90和抽吸管70的上端分别可分离地连接至盖部91和71，以由其密封。
具有上述结构的波力发电机可以如下方法安装在海岸地区。
首先，参考图3，供气源P1和抽吸泵P2在甲板上准备。
将装配有内部为空的管60、供气管90、抽吸管70的波力发电机100放置在甲板上。转运至目标海岸地区之后，将波力发电机100放置在海平面上，并且将桩20放置在所述海岸地区的海床上。
然后，盖部71与抽吸管70分离，并且抽吸管70的上端经由抽吸通路L2b连接至抽吸泵P2的进口。然后，抽吸泵P2工作，以将水和海床上的土吸入桩20中，并且将水和土排出桩20，藉此将桩20设在海床中。此处，由于桩的内部压力与外部压力不同，桩20稳定地固定至海床。
接着，抽吸管70的上端与抽吸泵P2分离，并且盖部71连接至抽吸管70的上端。
然后，盖部91与供气管90分离，并且供气管90的上端经由排出管L1连接至供气源P1的出口。在操作供气源P1以将空气填入管60之后，供气管90的上端与供气源P1分离，并且盖部91连接至供气管90的上端。
从而，可容易地将波力发电机100安装在海岸地区，如图1所示。
安装在海岸地区的波力发电机100的浮动体50由于波浪表面的波动而上下振动。此处，由于块体51插入浮动体50的下部，以使重心设在浮动体50的底部中心，浮动体50因块体51的惯性而以比波浪的幅度更大的幅度上下振动，藉此稳定地保持直立位置。此处，由于沉重的锁链30插入充满空气并且设在海中的管60中，锁链30的重量因浮力而减小，并且锁链30的重量不妨碍浮动体50的垂直移动。
这一状态下，由于上弹簧49a和下弹簧49b具有与安装波力发电机100的海岸处的波浪平均频率相对应的无阻尼固有频率，因而在上弹簧49a和下弹簧49b和配重部件47之间生成共振。因此，使得配重部件47的垂直移动量为最大，以使波力发电机100可有效发出最大发电量。
当了维修而转运波力发电机100时，如图4所示，盖部71与抽吸管70的上端分离，抽吸管70的上端经由排出通路L2a连接至抽吸泵P2的出口，并且抽吸泵P2的进口经由抽吸通路L2b连接至水面，以使水经由抽吸管70和通孔24流入桩20。因此，当桩20的内部压力和外部压力变得相等时，锁链30因管30的浮力而上升，并且设在海床中的桩因其重量而脱离海床。
此处，若管30的浮力小于桩20脱离海床所需的力，盖部91与供气管90的上端分离以经由供气管90使得管60通气，然后使用牵引设备(未示)提起管60，藉此允许桩20容易地离开海床。将管60提升到水平的上方，并且将其放置在船体上，藉此容易地移动波力发电机100。
如前所述，根据本发明的实施例，由于减小了锁链的重量，未阻碍波浪造成的浮动体的垂直移动，较之共振型波浪发电机，增大浮动体的总垂直移动量。此外，较之现有方法，可将锚容易地安装至海床并且从其脱离，藉此方便共振型波浪发电机的移动。
尽管本文业已描述了一些实施例，本领域的技术人员应理解，这些实施例仅以说明的方式给出，并且可在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下作出多种修改、变化、及改变。因此，本发明的范围应仅有所附权利要求及其等同物所界定。

Claims (3)

1.一种波力发电机，包括：
密封地容纳发电单元(40)的壳体(10)，所述发电单元通过永磁体(46)和线圈(48)的相对移动在线圈(48)中生成感应电动势从而发电；
浮动体(50)，其包围所述壳体(10)的下部并且同时暴露所述壳体(10)的上部；
安装在海床上的桩(20)；及
锁链(30)，其相对的两端分别固定至所述浮动体(50)和所述桩(20)，
其中所述浮动体(50)的形状为不倒翁形并且包括块体(51)，所述块体插入所述浮动体(50)的下部以使重心位于所述浮动体(50)的底部中心；
所述发电单元(40)设有弹簧，所述弹簧支撑所述发电单元(40)中的配重部件(47)并且具有与波浪的平均频率相对应的无阻尼固有频率，
所述桩(20)包括具有开口底部和闭合顶部(21)的管状部(22)、设在所述顶部(21)的中心以连接至所述锁链(30)下端的环(23)、及形成在所述顶部(21)中的通孔(24)，
所述锁链(30)插入挠性管(60)中，并且沿所述管(60)的纵向延伸，所述锁链(30)的相对两端从所述管(60)暴露出，
所述管(60)中设有沿所述管(60)的纵向延伸的挠性抽吸管(70)，所述挠性抽吸管(70)的下端通过所述管(60)的下端连接至所述桩(20)的通孔(24)以与所述桩(20)连通，并且所述挠性抽吸管(70)的上端通过所述管(60)的上端固定至所述浮动体(50)的侧壁，并且
所述管(60)的上端连接至供气管(90)的下端以使得所述管(60)与所述供气管(90)连通，并且所述供气管(90)的上端连接至所述浮动体(50)的侧壁，
所述供气管(90)和所述抽吸管(70)的上端分别可分离地连接至盖部(91，71)，以由所述盖部(91，71)密封。
2.如权利要求1所述的波力发电机，其中所述发电单元(40)包括紧固地内接入所述壳体(10)的上端的上盘(41)；紧固地内接入所述壳体(10)的下端的下盘(42)；多个直立导轨(43)，所述导轨(43)的相对两端固定至所述上盘(41)和下盘(42)的边缘，并且相对于所述上盘(41)和下盘(42)的中心轴线以相同相差设置；直立固定轴(44)，其相对两端固定至所述上盘(41)和下盘(42)的中心区域；一对承载环形板(45)，其朝向所述上盘(41)和下盘(42)的中心轴线以预定的间隔设置并且可沿所述直立导轨(43)上下移动；管状的永磁体(46)，其紧固地外接在所述直立固定轴(44)上，并且可移动地内接入所述一对承载环形板(45)；管状的所述配重部件(47)，其上端和下端固定至所述一对承载环形板(45)，并且可移动地外接在所述永磁体(46)上；线圈(48)，其紧固地外接在所述配重部件(47)上；多个上弹簧(49a)，各具有与所述上盘(41)接触的上端和与所述承载环形板(45)中的上承载环形板接触的下端；及多个下弹簧(49b)，各具有与所述承载环形板(45)中的下承载环形板接触的上端和与下盘(42)接触的下端。
3.如权利要求1所述的波力发电机，其中所述管(60)的相对两端密封地连接至穿过所述管(60)的所述锁链(30)，并且所述管(60)的被所述抽吸管(70)的上端和下端穿过的部分密封地连接至所述抽吸管(70)。
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