CN102870315B - 电力接收装置以及电力接收方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
电力接收装置(3)的电力接收线圈(13)通过磁场谐振从电力输送装置(2)的电力输送线圈(12)接收能量的供给。电力接收线圈(13)的能量被由开关(31)选择的电力取出线圈(14_1~14_4)中的任一个作为电力取出、并被用于电池(34)的充电。控制电路(35)通过基于电池(34)的充电状态选择电力取出线圈(14_1~14_4)中的任一个来提高电池(34)的充电效率。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电力接收装置以及电力接收方法。
背景技术
以往,研究了利用电磁感应或电磁波来通过无线供给电力的技术。此外近年来,研究了通过使磁场谐振的磁场谐振来无线供给电力的技术。磁场谐振是磁场在谐振的两个线圈之间发生耦合,并发生能量传送的现象,也称为磁场共振。
在先技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本专利文献特开2009-106136号公报;
专利文献2:日本专利文献特表2009-501510号公报;
专利文献3:日本专利文献特表2002-544756号公报;
专利文献4:日本专利文献特开2008-301918号公报;
专利文献5:日本专利文献特开2008-160312号公报;
专利文献6:日本专利文献特开2006-230129号公报。
发明内容
通过在线圈之间传送能量,将负载连接到能量的取出侧的线圈,能够对负载供给电力。该电力供给的效率依赖于负载的阻抗。
在连接电池作为负载情况下,由于电池的充电状态而负载的阻抗逐渐变化。因此,在以往的技术中,在从电池的放电状态到充满电状态之间,会发生电力供给的效率下降的状况。
本发明的技术是鉴于上述的问题作出的,其目的在于提供提高对电池电力供给效率的电力接收装置以及电力接收方法。
在本申请公开的电力接收装置以及电力接收方法中,电力接收装置包括从作为电力的供给源的线圈取出电力的多个电力取出线圈,通过开关选择多个电力取出线圈中的任一个使其与电池连接。多个电力取出线圈直径或者与电力取出线圈的距离或者圈数(匝数)不同。本发明的装置以及方法检测电池的充电状态从而切换开关。
另外,在本申请公开的电力接收装置以及电力接收方法中,电力接收装置包括从作为电力的供给源的线圈取出电力并对电池充电的电力取出线圈,以及控制作为电力的供给源的线圈与电力取出线圈的位置关系的位置控制机构。本发明的装置以及方法检测电池的充电状态从而控制位置控制机构。
发明效果
根据本申请公开的电力接收装置以及电力接收方法,能够提高对电池的电力供给效率。
附图说明
图1是包括本实施例涉及的电力接收装置的电力输送接收系统的构成图;
图2是图1所示的具有四个线圈的磁场谐振型电力输送接收系统的等价电路图;
图3是说明锂离子电池充电的序列的说明图;
图4是说明由于负载的变动造成电力输送效率下降的说明图;
图5是说明对电力接收装置3的电力输送效率的说明图;
图6是说明电力取出线圈的具体例子的说明图(其一);
图7是说明电力取出线圈的具体例子的说明图(其二);
图8是电力接收装置3的电路构成图;
图9是说明控制电路35的处理动作的流程图;
图10是说明电力输送接收系统的变形例的说明图(其一);
图11是说明电力输送接收系统的变形例的说明图(其二)。
具体实施方式
以下,基于附图详细地说明本发明涉及的电力接收装置以及电力接收方法的实施例。此外,本实施例不是用来限定公开的技术的实施例。
实施例
图1是包含本实施例涉及的电力接收装置的电力输送接收系统的构成图,图2是图1所示的具有四个线圈的磁场谐振型电力输送接收系统的等价电路图。图1所示的电力输送接收系统1是包括电力输送装置2和电力接收装置3的系统。电力输送装置2在其内部包括交流电源21、电力供给线圈11、以及电力输送线圈12。另外,电力接收装置3包括电力接收线圈13、四个电力取出线圈14_1~14_4、开关31、整流电路32、DD转换器(直流·直流转换器)33、电池(充电电池)34、以及控制电路35。
电力输送线圈12和电力接收线圈13分别是LC振荡电路。LC振荡电路的电容器要素可以通过元件来实现,也可以开放线圈的两端,通过杂散电容来实现。在LC振荡电路中,当设电感为L,电容器电容为C时,由式(1)确定的外即为谐振频率。
[数1]
在电力输送线圈12的谐振频率和电力接收线圈13的谐振频率十分接近,并且电力输送线圈12和电力接收线圈13的距离非常小的情况下,在电力输送线圈12和电力接收线圈13之间能够产生磁场谐振。
因此,当在电力输送线圈12处于谐振状态并发生磁场谐振时,能够从电力输送线圈12向电力接收线圈13传送磁场能量。磁场谐振方式具有如下优点:与使用了电磁波的情况相比能够传送更大电力,与电磁感应方式相比可获得更长的电力输送距离。
电力供给线圈11将从交流电源21获得的电力通过电磁感应供给至电力输送线圈12。电力供给线圈11和电力输送线圈12的配置为能够产生电磁感应的距离以及配置。通过经由电力供给线圈11通过电磁感应使电力输送线圈12谐振,能够不需要电气性地连接电力输送线圈12和其他的电路,从而能够任意地并且高精度地设计电力输送线圈12的谐振频率。
电力取出线圈14_1~14_4配置在这些线圈与电力接收线圈13之间产生电磁感应的位置。开关31选择电力取出线圈14_1~14_4中的任一个,使其与整流电路32连接。当电力接收线圈13通过磁场谐振而谐振时,从电力接收线圈13向电力取出线圈14_1~14_4中的开关31选择的线圈发生通过电磁感应的能量移动。移动至开关31所选择的线圈的能量被作为电力取出,经由开关31、整流电路32、DD转换器33提供给电池34。
这样通过经由电力取出线圈14_1~14_4通过电磁感应从电力接收线圈13取出电力,能够不需要电气性地连接电力接收线圈13和其他的电路,从而能够任意地并且高精度地设计电力接收线圈13的谐振频率。
交流电源21输出预定频率以及振幅的交流电流。下面将该交流电源21的频率称为驱动频率。与交流电源21电连接的电源供给线圈11以驱动频率进行振动。因此,电力输送线圈12以驱动频率进行谐振。同样地,电力接收线圈13也是以驱动频率进行谐振。
这样,在电力输送接收系统1中,交流电源21的电力经过电源供给线圈11与电力输送线圈12的电磁感应、电力输送线圈12与电力接收线圈13的磁场谐振、以及电力接收线圈13与电力取出线圈14_1~14_4的电磁感应而被作为电力取出。被取出的电力被通过整流电路32转换成直流,并接受DD转换器33进行的电压转换而被用于电池34的充电。
对于无线电力输送所要求的性能,可以例举出从电力输送部到电力接收部的电力输送效率。在图1、图2所示的例子中,将被输入到电力供给线圈11的有效电力和被与电力取出线圈14连接的负载电阻所消耗的电力之比设为电力输送效率。
在对便携电话等移动设备或电动汽车(EV:ElectricVehicle)进行供电的情况下,负载电阻部包括整流电路32、DD转换器33、以及电池34。一般地在锂离子电池充电过程中,如图3所示,采取在接近放电状态时进行恒定电流充电、当达到某种程度的充电量时进行恒定电压充电的序列。在这种情况下,从磁场谐振型无线电力输送系统角度来看,负载部的阻抗是逐渐变化的。因此,在固定了单个电力取出线圈的构成中,如图4所示的那样,难以始终实现良好的电力输送效率。
在图4所示的例子中,如果负载电阻是10欧姆左右,那么能够获得0.8以上的良好的电力输送效率。但是,当负载电阻为100欧姆时,电力输送效率为0.55左右,当负载电阻为1000欧姆时,电力输送效率变为0.1左右。
因此,图1所示的电力接收装置3为了抑制电力输送效率随着电池34的充电量的变化,即负载阻抗的变化而恶化或者变动,而根据电池34的充电状态进行电力取出线圈14_1~14_4的切换控制。
电力取出线圈14_1~14_4与负载阻抗的变化对应,其直径的大小不同。电力取出线圈14_1~14_4如果配置为例如同心圆状,则不需要确保新的多余的空间。
设置在电力取出线圈14_1~14_4和整流电路32之间的开关31根据来自控制电路35的指令选择性地切换两者的连接。控制电路35被输入电池34的电压或充电电流等、能够检测从磁场谐振系统角度看到的负载阻抗的信息。控制电路35基于该信息从电力取出线圈14_1~14_4中选择与预先记录的该负载阻抗对应的最优的线圈,并向开关31发送切换信号。通过以上的动作,即使在负载阻抗随着电池34的充电而变大的情况下,也能够抑制电力输送效率的恶化或者变动。
图5是说明对电力接收装置3的电力输送效率的说明图。在使用直径最小的电力取出线圈141的情况下,在负载电阻为10欧姆时电力输送效率E1超过0.8,在负载电阻大于100欧姆之后电力输送效率E1下降到小于0.6。接着,在使用直径小的电力取出线圈14_2的情况下,在负载电阻为10欧姆时电力输送效率E2超过0.8,在负载电阻大于100欧姆之后电力输送效率E2下降到小于0.8。接着在使用直径小的电力取出线圈14_3的情况下,在负载电阻为100欧姆时电力输送效率E3超过0.8,在负载电阻大于1000欧姆之后电力输送效率E3下降到小于0.5。在使用直径最大的电力取出线圈14_4的情况下,在负载电阻为100欧姆时电力输送效率E4为0.8左右,在负载电阻从100欧姆到1000欧姆之间电力输送效率E4维持在0.7以上。
因此,在配合负载电阻来切换电力取出线圈14_1~14_4的情况下的电力输送效率E5能够在负载电阻直到1000欧姆的范围内维持在0.7以上。
图6以及图7是说明电力取出线圈的具体例子的说明图。在图6、7中,为了简化说明图示出了三个电力取出线圈14_1~14_3。
图6所示的线圈基板14a在作为基板的一个面的第一层上设置有大小不同、重心重合的矩形形状的配线,从而形成了电力取出线圈14_1~14_3。各矩形的配线在四个角中的一个处中断,配线的端部与通孔连接。在图6所示例子中,在通孔之中,通孔H11被设置在与电力取出线圈14_3对应的配线的一个端部。
线圈基板14a在基板的另一个面、即背面设置有连接通孔与基板外部的配线。该配线是用于连接负载侧的连接用配线。另外,在线圈基板14a的背面,将三个矩形形状的配线所分别具有的两个端部中的一个与相同的连接用配线连接。这样,被三个矩形形状的配线所共用的连接用配线被始终与负载侧连接,通过选择其余的三个配线中的一个来进行电力取出线圈14_1~14_3的切换。
图7所示的线圈基板14b在作为基板的一个面的第一层螺旋状地设置有矩形的配线。螺旋状的配线的两个端部分别与通孔连接。这些端部之中,外周侧的端部是通孔H12。除此之外,线圈基板14b在螺旋状的配线的两个端部的路径上设置有两个通孔。
另外,线圈基板14b在基板的另一个面、即背面上设置有连接通孔和基板外部的配线。该配线是用于连接负载侧的连接用配线。在线圈基板14b中,与通孔H12连接的连接用配线被始终与负载侧连接,通过选择其余的三个通孔中的一个来进行电力取出线圈14_1~14_3的切换,并切换电力取出线圈的圈数。
图8是电力接收装置3的电路构成图。在图8中示出了使用了线圈基板14a的情况的电路图。被三个矩形形状的配线所共用的连接用配线被与整流电路32连接。另外其余的三个连接用配线被与开关31连接。
开关31接收控制电路35的指示来切换三个连接用配线。整流电路32的输出被输入到DD转换器33。在DD转换器33和电池34的两根配线中的一根上设置有电流检测用的电阻(检测电阻)Rs。
控制电路35获取被供给至电池34的电压,并且获取检测电阻Rs前后的电压来计算电流值。另外,控制电路35从电池34获取余量。控制电路35根据该供给电压、电流、以及电池余量来选择使用的电力取出线圈,并根据需要向开关31输出切换指示。
图9是说明控制电路35的处理动作的流程图。当开始处理时,控制电路35检测供给电压、电流、以及电池余量作为充电状态(S101)。接着,控制电路35根据充电状态来选择使用的电力取出线圈(S102),并根据需要向开关31输出电力取出线圈的切换指示(S103),然后结束处理。此外,该处理动作在电池34的充电过程中被控制电路35反复地执行。
图10是说明电力输送接收系统的变形例的说明图。在图10所示的电力输送接收系统1a中,电力接收装置3a包括电力接收线圈13、一个电力取出线圈15、整流电路32、DD转换器33、电池34、控制电路35a、以及位置控制机构36。
电力接收装置3a能够通过位置控制机构36改变电力取出线圈15的位置,来调整电力接收线圈13和电力取出线圈15的距离。控制电路35a通过基于电池34的充电状态来控制位置控制机构36能够配合负载电阻的变化维持电力输送效率。其他的构成以及动作与图1所示的电力输送接收系统1相同,因此对相同的构成要素标记相同的标号而省略说明。
图11是说明电力输送接收系统的变形例的说明图。图11所示的电力输送接收系统1b是包括电力输送装置2b和电力接收装置3b的系统。电力输送装置2b在其内部包括交流电源21b、电力供给线圈16。另外,电力接收装置3b包括四个电力取出线圈17、开关31、整流电路32、DD转换器33、电池34以及控制电路35b。
在该电力输送接收系统1b中,从发送装置2b的电力供给线圈16向接收装置3b的电力取出线圈17的能量的移动被通过电磁感应来进行。因此,控制电路35b基于电池34的充电状态来控制开关31选择电力取出线圈17使得高效地进行通过电磁感应的能量的移动。这样,公开的技术也能适用于通过电磁感应的无线供电。其他的构成以及动作与图1所示的电力输送接收系统1相同,因此针对相同的构成要素标记相同的标号而省略说明。
如上所述,本实施例涉及的电力输送接收系统1中,电力接收装置3配合电池34的充电状态来控制电力取出线圈的直径或位置,因此能够提高使用了磁场谐振或电磁感应的无线供电中的电力供给效率。
此外,本实施例只不过是一个例子,能够适当地改变构成以及动作来实施。例如,电池34可以配置在接收装置3的外部,也可以能够装卸。
另外,也可以构成为设置直径相同,而距离电力接收线圈13或电力供给线圈16不同的多个电力取出线圈,与充电状态配合地切换电力取出线圈。另外,也可以构成为设置直径和距离分别不同的多个电力取出线圈。另外,还可以构成为固定电力取出线圈的位置,通过控制电力接收线圈的位置来改变电力取出线圈和电力接收线圈的距离。
符号说明
1、1a电力输送接收系统
2、2b电力输送装置
3、3b电力接收装置
11、16电力供给线圈
12电力输送线圈
13电力接收线圈
14_1~14_4、15、17电力取出线圈
14a、14b线圈基板
21、21b交流电源
31开关
32整流电路
33DD转换器
34电池
35、35a、35b控制电路
36位置控制机构
Claims (5)
1.一种电力接收装置,其特征在于,包括:
接收线圈,所述接收线圈通过磁场谐振从装置外部的线圈接收电力;
多个电力取出线圈,所述电力取出线圈从所述接收线圈取出电力;
开关,所述开关选择所述多个电力取出线圈中的任一个并将其与电池连接并取出电力;以及
控制部,所述控制部检测所述电池的充电状态从而切换所述开关;
其中,
所述多个电力取出线圈的直径或者匝数或者与所述接收线圈的距离不同。
2.一种电力接收装置,其特征在于,包括:
接收线圈,所述接收线圈通过磁场谐振从装置外部的线圈接收电力;
电力取出线圈,所述电力取出线圈从所述接收线圈取出电力并对电池进行充电;
位置控制机构,所述位置控制机构控制所述接收线圈与所述电力取出线圈的位置关系;以及
控制部,所述控制部检测所述电池的充电状态从而控制所述位置控制机构,然后使得所述电力取出线圈从所述接收线圈取出电力。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电力接收装置,其特征在于,
在所述电力接收装置的内部包括所述接收线圈。
4.一种电力接收方法,其特征在于,
在包括通过磁场谐振从装置外部的线圈接收电力的接收线圈以及取出电力的多个电力取出线圈的电力接收装置中,
所述电力接收方法包括以下步骤:
检测被与从所述接收线圈取出电力的多个电力取出线圈中的任一个连接的电池的充电状态;
基于所述电池的充电状态来选择所述多个电力取出线圈中的任一个;
基于选择的结果来切换所述多个电力取出线圈与所述电池的连接关系;以及
选择的电力取出线圈从所述接收线圈取出电力。
5.一种电力接收方法,其特征在于,
在包括通过磁场谐振从装置外部的线圈接收电力的接收线圈以及取出电力的多个电力取出线圈的电力接收装置中,
所述电力接收方法包括以下步骤:
检测被与从所述接收线圈取出电力的电力取出线圈连接的电池的充电状态;
基于所述电池的充电状态来确定所述接收线圈与所述电力取出线圈的距离;
基于确定的距离来控制所述接收线圈与所述电力取出线圈的位置关系;以及
所述电力取出线圈从所述接收线圈取出电力。
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- 2010-04-30 WO PCT/JP2010/057702 patent/WO2011135722A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2010-04-30 KR KR1020127026826A patent/KR101391487B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2010-04-30 EP EP10850737.7A patent/EP2566011A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2010-04-30 CN CN201080066538.2A patent/CN102870315B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2010-04-30 MX MX2012012609A patent/MX2012012609A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2010-04-30 BR BR112012027696A patent/BR112012027696A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
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BR112012027696A2 (pt) | 2016-08-16 |
WO2011135722A1 (ja) | 2011-11-03 |
JPWO2011135722A1 (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
US20130038282A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
KR20120135519A (ko) | 2012-12-14 |
MX2012012609A (es) | 2012-12-17 |
CN102870315A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
EP2566011A4 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
US9831681B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 |
KR101391487B1 (ko) | 2014-05-07 |
EP2566011A1 (en) | 2013-03-06 |
JP5527407B2 (ja) | 2014-06-18 |
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