CN102864196A - 一种二氢乳清酸酶法制备α-天冬氨酰小肽的方法 - Google Patents
一种二氢乳清酸酶法制备α-天冬氨酰小肽的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102864196A CN102864196A CN2012103795923A CN201210379592A CN102864196A CN 102864196 A CN102864196 A CN 102864196A CN 2012103795923 A CN2012103795923 A CN 2012103795923A CN 201210379592 A CN201210379592 A CN 201210379592A CN 102864196 A CN102864196 A CN 102864196A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种二氢乳清酸酶法制备α-天冬氨酰小肽的方法。该方法包括下列步骤:采用二氢乳清酸与氨基酸酯或小二肽类酯化合物进行接肽反应,形成二氢乳清酸小肽酯类化合物;进而采用稀碱溶液水解酯键,暴露出末端羧基;利用二氢乳清酸酶水解暴露出相应羧基的二氢乳清酸小肽类化合物,形成N-氨甲酰化天冬氨酰小肽化合物;进而采用亚硝酸水解脱去氨甲酰基团即可获得α-天冬氨酰小肽类化合物。本发明方法采用二氢乳清酸环共保护天冬氨酸中的α-氨基和β-羧基,仅暴露出α-羧基,保证了接肽反应的位置专一性;同时采用酶法水解开环,避免了多数化学合成中反复的保护与脱保护步骤,操作简单,减少了副反应的发生。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种二氢乳清酸酶法制备α-天冬氨酰小肽的方法。
背景技术
α-天冬氨酰小肽类化合物是指天冬氨酸的α-位羧基与其他氨基酸或小肽类化合物形成的小肽类化合物(一般不超过两个氨基酸),这些小肽类化合物及其衍生物在食品、药品领域具有重要的应用价值。如各种甜味剂:L-α-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(阿斯巴甜)、L-α-天冬氨酞-N-(2,2,4,4-四甲基-3-硫化三亚甲基)-D-丙氨酰胺(阿力甜)、N-[N-(3,3-二甲基丁基)-L-α-天门冬氨酰]-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(乐甜)、β-O-苄基-L-α-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(蔗糖甜味的1000倍)、L-α-天冬氨酰-O-冰片基-L-丝氨酸甲醋等等。这些甜味剂其甜味均超过蔗糖甜味200倍以上,而且热量低、口味纯正、安全性高,主要添加于饮料、维他命含片或口香糖代替糖的使用,许多糖尿病患者、减肥人士都以阿斯巴甜做为糖的代用品。但这些甜味剂的结构中均要求N-端氨基酸必须是天冬氨酸或氨基丙二酸。
另外,N-乙酰天冬氨酰谷氨酸(NAAG)是哺乳动物脑组织内一种含量很高,且分布特异的神经二肽,具有重要生理学和药学价值。相关研究表明:N-乙酰天门冬氨酰谷氨酸可被酸性二肽酶(NAALAD)分解得到N-乙酰天门冬氨酸和L-谷氨酸。其在下丘脑中的含量低于中脑、脑桥和脊髓,主要存在于脑内某些感觉和运动系统中,在兴奋性神经传递过程中起神经递质或调质的功能。在治疗阿尔茨海默氏症、帕金森症、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、亨廷顿氏病、精神分裂症等疾病上有一定的药学作用,同时可以有效促进脑功能恢复,在治疗视神经炎及视神经萎缩方面也有一定的作用。
目前,α-天冬氨酰小肽类化合物的制备方法主要有化学合成法、酶法和微生物发酵法,其关键步骤在于将天冬氨酸的α-羧基与氨基酸形成肽键过程。在此过程中,化学合成法易产生天冬氨酸消旋化或β-位羧基参与合成的副反应。例如在阿斯巴甜的化学合成过程中,按天冬氨酸衍生物的种类和合成中关键中间体的不同,化学法合成又可以分为9种不同的途径:内酐法、内酯法、N-羰基酸酐法、羰基硫代酸酐法、活性酯法、混合酸酐法、直接缩合法、树脂法、L-天冬酰胺法,而较有实用价值,应用的最多的还是内酐法和内酯法。无论采用哪种合成方法,总会产生天冬氨酸消旋化或β-位羧基参与合成的副反应,其副产物是D-Asp的α-羧基或Asp的β-羧基与氨基酸形成的异构体,这些副产物很难除去。因此,对这两种异构体的处理成为各种合成法中耗时费力的步骤,有效解决这个问题是降低成本的一个关键。目前的作法是通过保护β-位羧基而提高α-位羧基的活性,如将β-位羧基保护起来,或者通过酯化活化α-位羧基,或使用不同的反应溶剂等,以使反应产物中α与β-异构体的比值尽可能提高。
酶法合成是使用合适的蛋白酶将L-Asp(氨基已保护或未保护)与氨基酸缩合在一起,或者利用天冬氨酸酶,以富马酰-氨基酸为底物,加氨或氨供体,形成最终的α-天冬氨酰小肽。例如,1979年Isowa Y.等用嗜热菌蛋白酶(Thermolysinthermoase)成功地利用L-苯丙氨酸甲酯和被护L-天冬氨酸合成a-APM前体;樊可可等采用木瓜蛋白酶在乙酸乙酯和水组成的两相溶剂中催化合成了苄氧羰基-L-天冬氨酸-α-甲酯;采用内酞酶(Endepeptidase)可催化苯甲酰基-L-天冬氨酸-a-甲酯与苯丙氨酸甲酯反应,生成苯甲酰基-L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯;而利用嗜热脂肪芽胞杆菌(Baci l lussteaarothermophilus)的中性蛋白酶,在pH值为6.4水溶液中将苄氧羰基-L-天冬氨酸同苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐反应生成苄氧羰基-L-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯。另外,以顺丁烯二酸酐(马来酐)与L-苯丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐为原料,用化学法缩合得马来酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(MPM),并使之异构化为富马酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(FPM),然后以FPM为底物,加氨或氨供体,经菌体转化直接生成阿斯巴甜(APM)。Nakayama等人报道了用多种微生物转化FPM为APM的研究,其中以大肠杆菌ATCCl1303转化率最高(4.3g/L),许激扬等采用自筛的E.coli CPU8901,使产物质量浓度提高至5.6g/L。樊可可等则筛选到一株假单胞菌,发现它能直接以MPM为底物,经顺反异构与加氨两步连续的酶促反应直接生成APM,而且产物质量浓度提高到6.3g/L。
微生物发酵法则是利用基因工程将α-天冬氨酰小肽所需的氨基酸发酵产生,同时利用基因工程生产二肽合成酶,在同一菌株内实现合成α-天冬氨酰小肽。张红缨等将a-天冬氨酰二肽酶基因(pepE)装入质粒pBV220中,构建了质粒pBVPE,由此克隆出a-天冬氨酰二肽酶的高表达基因工程菌.并探索了从包含体中回收目的蛋白的最适条件。王晓平等-报道了a-天冬氨酰二肽酶基因工程菌的固定化,以及固定化细胞性质,并用于阿斯巴甜的合成。
二氢乳清酸酶(DHOase,EC 3.5.2.3)属于环酰胺水解酶类,能够催化N-氨基甲酰-L-天冬氨酸(L-CA)可逆环化生成L-二氢乳清酸(L-DHO),是嘧啶核苷酸从头生物合成中的第三步关键酶。该酶催化N-氨基甲酰-L-天冬氨酸到L-二氢乳清酸的过程是可逆的,在酸性条件下,有利于N-氨基甲酰-L-天冬氨酸到L-二氢乳清酸方向转化,而调整pH为碱性条件时,则水解反应进行迅速。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种简便的、不产生消旋化和β-位羧基参与反应的二氢乳清酸酶法制备α-天冬氨酰小肽的方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
本发明利用二氢乳清酸可以将L-天冬氨酸α-位氨基和β-位羧基同时保护起来,仅暴露出α-位羧基,在完成接肽反应后,通过二氢乳清酸酶的水解作用,可以形成N-氨基甲酰-L-天冬氨酰小肽类化合物,脱去氨甲酰基团后可获得α-天冬氨酰小肽化合物。这一过程减少了L-天冬氨酸的加保护基、脱保护基等步骤,不产生消旋化和β-位羧基参与反应的问题,反应产物单一,分离提纯也大大简化。
一种二氢乳清酸酶法制备α-天冬氨酰小肽的方法,包括下列步骤:
(1)二氢乳清酸与氨基酸酯或小二肽类酯化合物在接肽试剂作用下进行接肽反应,形成二氢乳清酸小肽酯类化合物。
在DMF(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺)或水中,采用接肽试剂将以二氢乳清酸(化合物2),与氨基酸酯或小二肽类酯化合物(化合物3)在接肽试剂作用下进行接肽反应,形成二氢乳清酸小肽酯类化合物(化合物4)。接肽试剂与二氢乳清酸的摩尔比为1~1.4:1,氨基酸酯或小二肽类酯化合物与二氢乳清酸的摩尔比为1~1.4:1,经萃取、浓缩结晶或者柱层析分离,可获得二氢乳清酸小肽酯类化合物。
其中,采用接肽试剂在二氢乳清酸羧基接上氨基酸酯或小二肽类酯化合物,具体方法即为先将接肽试剂与二氢乳清酸反应1~8h,去除沉淀,取滤液加入氨基酸酯或小二肽类酯化合物反应10~18h。所述的接肽试剂为DCC/HOBt(二环己基碳二亚胺/1-羟基-苯并三氮唑)、DIC/HOBt(二异丙基碳二亚胺/1-羟基-苯并三氮唑)、DCC/HOSu(二环己基碳二亚胺/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺)和DCC/HOAt(二环己基碳二亚胺/1-羟基-7-偶氮苯并三氮唑)中的任意一种。R1基团为甘氨酸、L或D-丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、氨基丁酸等氨基酸的残基;或者是L或D-甘氨酰-、丙氨酰-、缬氨酰-、亮氨酰-、异亮氨酰-、苯丙氨酰-、脯氨酰-、色氨酰-、丝氨酰-、酪氨酰-、半胱氨酰-、蛋氨酰-、天冬酰胺酰-、谷氨酰胺酰-、苏氨酰-、天冬氨酰-、谷氨酰-、赖氨酰-、精氨酰-、组氨酰-甘氨酸小肽的氨基酸残基的任意一种,R2基团为甲基、乙基或叔丁基。
(2)二氢乳清酸小肽酯类化合物稀碱水解酯键。
由于二氢乳清酸酶在催化水解二氢乳清酸开环时需要有羧基定位,因此需要将二氢乳清酸小肽酯类化合物的酯键水解掉,暴露出羧基。采用稀碱溶液处理二氢乳清酸小肽酯类化合物(化合物4),常温下水解酯键,调节pH值,浓缩结晶分离,可获得暴露出羧基的二氢乳清酸小肽化合物(化合物5)。
其中,采用稀碱溶液可以是氢氧化钠溶液或氢氧化钾溶液,质量浓度在1-5%之间;水解时间1-2h,反应结束后条件调节pH值,浓缩结晶分离,可获得暴露出羧基的二氢乳清酸小肽化合物。
(3)二氢乳清酸酶水解二氢乳清酸小肽类化合物制备N-氨甲酰化天冬氨酰小肽化合物。
以二氢乳清酸酶或含有二氢乳清酸酶的湿菌体为催化剂,在弱碱性条件下,水解二氢乳清酸小肽类化合物(化合物5)制备N-氨甲酰化天冬氨酰小肽化合物(化合物6)。
其中,所述含有二氢乳清酸酶的菌体为大肠杆菌K-12(Escherichia coliK-12,中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心,编号CICC20091);所述的二氢乳清酸酶为含有二氢乳清酸酶基因pET-22b(+)-DHO-his质粒的重组菌株E.coliRosetta(DE3)所表达、纯化的二氢乳清酸酶。所述的弱碱性条件为pH7.5~9.5,酶或湿菌体与二氢乳清酸小肽类化合物的重量比为1:1~80。催化水解反应温度为35~40℃,反应时间10~30分钟。反应产物经过去除蛋白、离子交换分离、脱色、浓缩结晶得到N-氨甲酰化天冬氨酰小肽化合物。
(4)亚硝酸水解N-氨甲酰化天冬氨酰小肽化合物制备α-天冬氨酰小肽类化合物。
将步骤(3)得到的N-氨甲酰化天冬氨酰小肽化合物(化合物6)在亚硝酸水解作用下脱除氨甲酰基团,经浓缩得到α-天冬氨酰小肽类化合物(化合物1)。
其中,氨甲酰基团的脱除多采用氨甲酰酶酶法水解或亚硝酸水解,但酶法水解脱除氨甲酰基团往往应用在非天然氨基酸的制备中,在小肽制备中并不常见。本专利则采用较为常用的亚硝酸水解法脱除氨甲酰基团。所述的亚硝酸为亚硝酸钠与稀盐酸的混合溶液,或者将N-氨甲酰化天冬氨酰小肽化合物加入到稀盐酸溶液,然后滴加亚硝酸钠中的任意一种。
有益效果:本发明的二氢乳清酸酶酶法制备α-天冬氨酰小肽类化合物的方法与其他制备方法相比有如下优点:
1、采用二氢乳清酸自身的内酰胺环共保护天冬氨酸中的α-氨基和β-羧基,仅暴露出α-羧基,保证了接肽反应的位置专一性,并且在后续接肽反应过程中无需氨基和羧基保护。
2、采用二氢乳清酸酶水解内酰胺环,一步脱除α-氨基和β-羧基的共保护,避免了多数化学合成中反复的保护与脱保护步骤,操作简单。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的具体的物料配比、反应条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1:二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸甲酯的合成。
L-二氢乳清酸酸(0.1mol)加入300mL DMF,室温搅拌溶解,加入DCC(0.1mol)和HOBt(0.1mol),反应2h,过滤除去DCU(二环己基脲),取滤液。加入甘氨酸甲酯(0.13mol),反应过夜。倒入水中,加入乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液经干燥后浓缩,得白色固体,经硅胶柱层析,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯:氯仿=3:1(体积比),经甲醇重结晶后获得白色晶体二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸甲酯18.2g,产率79.5%;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:10.00(s,1H,3-NH),8.46(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.53(s,1H,1-NH),4.04(t,1H,6-CH),3.86(s,2H,α-CH2),3.62(s,3H,CH3),2.58-2.67(m,2H,5-CH2)。
实施例2:二氢乳清酰-D-丙氨酸甲酯的合成。
L-二氢乳清酸酸(0.1mol)加入200mL水,室温搅拌溶解,加入DIC(0.12mol)和HOBt(0.12mol),反应2h,过滤除去沉淀,取滤液。加入D-丙氨酸甲酯(0.12mol),反应过夜。倒入水中,加入乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液经干燥后浓缩,得白色固体,经硅胶柱层析,洗脱剂为乙酸乙酯:氯仿=3:1(体积比),浓缩获得白色固体二氢乳清酰-D-丙氨酸甲酯17.0g,产率65.5%;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:10.14(s,1H,3-NH),8.78(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.32(s,1H,1-NH),4.79(t,1H,6-CH),4.18(m,1H,α-CH),3.68(s,3H,-OCH3),2.58-2.67(m,2H,5-CH2),1.48(d,3H,β-CH3)。
实施例3:二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯的合成。
L-二氢乳清酸酸(0.05mol)加入100mL水,室温搅拌溶解,加入DIC(0.07mol)和HOBt(0.07mol),反应2h,过滤除去沉淀,取滤液。加入L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(0.07mol),反应过夜。倒入水中,加入乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液经干燥后浓缩,得白色固体,经甲醇重结晶后获得白色晶体二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯14.3g,产率90.5%;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:9.96(s,1H,3-NH),8.43(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.51(s,1H,1-NH),7.18-7.30(m,5H,-C6H5),4.45(t,1H,6-CH),4.00(t,1H,α-CH),3.62(s,3H,-OCH3),2.91-3.03(d,2H,β-CH2),2.45-2.82(m,2H,5-CH2)。
实施例4:二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸甲酯的合成。
L-二氢乳清酸酸(0.05mol)加入100mL水,室温搅拌溶解,加入DIC(0.07mol)和HOBt(0.07mol),反应2h,过滤除去沉淀,取滤液。加入L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸甲酯(0.07mol),反应过夜。倒入水中,加入乙酸乙酯萃取三次,萃取液经干燥后浓缩,得白色固体,经甲醇重结晶后获得白色晶体二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸甲酯16.0g,产率85.6%;1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:9.98(s,1H,3-NH),901(s,1H,-CO-NH-Gly),840(s,1H,α-CO-NH),761(s,1H,1-NH),7.18-7.30(m,5H,-C6H5),4.61(t,1H,6-CH),4.16(t,1H,α-CH-Phe),3.86(s,2H,α-CH2-Gly),3.43(s,3H,-OCH3),2.91-3.03(d,2H,β-CH2-Phe),2.45-2.82(m,2H,5-CH2)。
实施例5:二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸的合成。
实施例1得到的二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸甲酯(0.05mol)加入到30mL 5%NaOH溶液中,室温搅拌至完全溶解,反应1h,滴加稀盐酸(2mol/L)至pH=4.0,过滤,浓缩得白色固体二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸8.9g,产率83.0%。MS m/z:214.0(M-1)-。
实施例6:二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酸的合成。
实施例3得到的二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酸甲酯(0.01mol)加入到20mL5%NaOH溶液中,室温搅拌至完全溶解,反应1h,滴加稀盐酸(2mol/L)至pH=3.0,过滤得白色固体二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酸2.7g,产率91.0%。MS m/z:304.1(M-1)-。
实施例7:二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸的合成。
实施例4得到的二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸甲酯(0.02mol)加入40mL5%NaOH溶液中,室温搅拌至完全溶解,反应1h,滴加稀盐酸(2mol/L)至pH=3.0,过滤得白色固体二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸6.7g,产率93.0%。MS m/z:361.1(M-1)-。
实施例8:发酵产酶I。
将大肠杆菌K-12(Escherichia coli K-12,中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心,编号CICC20091)接在新鲜斜面培养基(斜面培养基(g/L):蛋白胨10,牛肉膏3,NaCl 5,琼脂20)上,活化培养24小时,接入种子培养基(种子培养基(g/L):葡萄糖15,蛋白胨20,K2HPO4 2,MgSO4 0.25)在33℃、220r/min振荡培养20小时。培养结束接入发酵培养基(葡萄糖2%、蛋白胨1%、酵母膏1%、氯化钠0.3%、磷酸二氢钾0.2%、硫酸镁0.025%、氯化钴0.005%,pH 7.0),于33℃、200r/min,发酵培养24小时。发酵结束后,8000r/min离心25分钟,收集湿菌体。
实施例9:重组菌的获得。
采用苯酚-氯仿法提取大肠杆菌K-12的总DNA。在NCBI(National Center forBiotechnology Information)Genbank数据库中搜索DHOase基因的相关信息,根据大肠杆菌的二氢乳清酸酶基因保守序列设计保守引物,正向引物为:(diho180-sens)CCCTGCTGGTGCACGGNGARGTNAC,反向引物为:(diho300-anti)CGGTGTAGCAGCCGGCRCANCCRCA,PCR反应采用TaKaRa公司的DNA聚合酶进行扩增。PCR扩增条件为:95℃5min【95℃ 30s(45℃、50℃、55℃)30s 72℃ 1min】*30cycles 72℃10min 4℃20h,构建PCR产物DHO与pMD18-T Vector酶连的重组质粒T-DHO,连接体系参照产品说明手册。连接产物转化大肠杆菌DH5α,挑取氨苄抗性筛选平板上长出的单菌落,接入含100μg/mL氨苄青霉素的5mL LB液体培养基中,37℃,200rpm摇床培养10h~12h后进行质粒提取,小量质粒提取采用上海申能博彩公司的试剂盒,电泳筛选阳性克隆。
为了方便重组菌蛋白纯化,构建重组表达载体所用的引物序列须把基因的终止密码子去掉,设计引物序列如下:
DHOase-sense:5'-TAAGAAGGAGATATACATATGAACTCTATTACCCTGCTCCAGC-3'
DHOase2-anti:5'-TGGTGGTGCTCGAGTGCGGCCGCCACTTTTCTCCATTGCAGCGTT-3'
以已鉴定为阳性克隆的质粒为模板,采用TaKaRa LA高保真Taq酶进行PCR扩增,PCR扩增条件为:95℃ 5min(95℃ 30s 65℃ 30s 72℃ 25s)*10cycles(95℃ 30s 55℃ 30s 72℃ 25s)*20 cycles 72℃ 10min 4℃ 20h
扩增产物采用CloneEZTM PCR Cloning Kit进行目的基因与表达载体pET-22b(+)的重组克隆,转化至表达宿主E.coli Rosetta(DE3)菌株获得带有重组质粒pET-22b-DHO-his的重组菌株。
实施例10:发酵产酶II。
将带有重组质粒pET22b-DHO-his转化宿主菌E.coli Rosetta(DE3),挑取单菌落于100μg/mL氨苄青霉素和34μg/mL氯霉素的筛选培养液,37℃振荡培养过夜。以2%的接种量接种到新鲜LB培养液中(含100μg/mL氨苄青霉素和34μg/mL氯霉素),37℃培养至OD600约为0.6时,加入IPTG至终浓度0.4mmol/L,诱导表达10h。发酵结束后,8000r/min离心25分钟,收集湿菌体。
实施例11:酶提取。
将实施例4中获得的重组菌株菌体,用pH 8.0的0.2mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液洗涤除杂后,用上述缓冲液将其配制成质量分数20%的菌悬液。将上述配制好的菌悬液在400W功率的超声破碎仪下进行细胞破碎,每次超声时间3s,间隔时间5s,共10min,每30ml菌悬液超声4次。超声结束后,10000rpm,离心10min后收集上清液,上样于预先用0.2mol/L Tris-HCl缓冲液平衡的Ni2+-NTA Agarose亲和柱。用大约10倍的缓冲液洗涤后,再用洗脱缓冲液(200mmol/L Tris-HCI,5mol/L咪唑,pH 8.0)洗脱二氢乳清酸酶蛋白。
实施例12:N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-甘氨酸的合成。
取实施例5得到的二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸5g(23.2mmol)溶于50mL水中,用0.1mol·L-1NaOH调节pH=9.0,加入实施例11得到的酶溶液(酶活5.0IU),混合均匀置于水浴摇床反应15min,反应温度为37℃。反应结束后,取样,加入对二氨基苯甲醛-浓盐酸显色液,用紫外分光光度计在438nm处测定吸光值,可知二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸的水解率为95%。
在二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸水解转化液,加三氯乙酸5mL,8000rpm离心除去酶蛋白。上清液调节pH=9.0,加入到D201阴离子交换树脂柱中(特华树脂,已活化为OH-型),直至穿透,水洗除杂后,用2%的氨水洗脱,洗脱液调节pH=4.0,加入活性炭(体积质量比2%),70℃保温脱色10min,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至出现沉淀,冷却过滤沉淀为N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-甘氨酸。水重结晶后得N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-甘氨酸3.78g。收率70%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:12.03(s,1H,β-COOH),11.13(s,1H,Gly-COOH),8.85(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.13(s,1H,-NHCO NH2),5.45(s,2H,-NHCO NH 2 ),4.14(t,1H,α-CH),4.06(s,2H,Gly-α-CH2),2.58-2.67(m,2H,β-CH2);MS m/z:232.2(M-1)-。
实施例13:N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸的合成。
改二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸5g(23.2mmol)为二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酸2g(6.6mmol),采用与实施例12相似的方法,得到N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸1.70g。收率80%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:12.53(s,1H,β-COOH),10.96(s,1H,Phe-COOH),8.43(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.51(s,1H,-NHCO NH2),7.18-7.30(m,5H,-C6H5),5.54(s,2H,-NHCO NH 2 ),4.45(t,1H,α-CH),4.00(t,1H,Phe-α-CH),2.91-3.03(d,2H,Phe-β-CH2),2.45-2.82(m,2H,β-CH2);MSm/z:322.3(M-1)-。
实施例14:N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸的合成。
改L-二氢乳清酰-甘氨酸5g(23.2mmol)为二氢乳清酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸2g(5.5mmol),采用与实施例12相似的方法,得到N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸-甘氨酸1.53g。收率73%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:13.03(s,1H,β-COOH),12.57(s,1H,Gly-COOH),9.04(s,1H,Phe-CO-NH-Gly),8.32(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.61(s,1H,-NHCO NH2),7.18-7.30(m,5H,-C6H5),5.45(s,2H,-NHCO NH 2 ),4.61(t,1H,α-CH),4.16(s,1H,α-CH-Phe),3.86(s,2H,α-CH2-Gly),2.91-3.03(d,2H,β-CH2-Phe),2.45-2.82(m,2H,β-CH2);MSm/z:379.1(M-1)-。
实施例15:α-天冬氨酰-甘氨酸的合成。
将实施例12得到的N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-甘氨酸2g(8.5mmol),加入2mol/L盐酸溶液20mL,搅拌均匀,冰水浴,此时固体基本不能溶解。缓慢滴加10%亚硝酸钠溶液6.5mL(9.0mmol),随着亚硝酸钠的滴入,白色固体逐渐溶解,整个反应体系逐渐呈淡黄色,待滴加完毕,固体完全溶解,反应液呈橙黄色,再继续反应2h,可以停止反应。此时HPLC测定反应溶液中原料的转化率接近90-93%,将反应液调节pH=3-4,缓慢冷却,析出大量细小固体,过滤后得α-天冬氨酰-甘氨酸1.3g,收率80%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:12.03(s,1H,β-COOH),11.13(s,1H,Gly-COOH),8.85(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.13(s,2H,α-NH2),4.14(s,2H,Gly-α-CH2),3.89(t,1H,α-CH),2.58-2.67(m,2H,β-CH2);MSm/z:189.0(M-1)-。
实施例16:α-天冬氨酰-苯丙氨酸的合成。
改N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-甘氨酸2g(8.5mmol)为实施例13得到的N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸2g(6.2mmol),10%亚硝酸钠溶液用量改为4.5mL(6.5mmol),采用与实施例15相同的方法,得到α-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酸1.47g。收率85%。1HNMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:12.53(s,1H,β-COOH),10.96(s,1H,Phe-COOH),8.81(s,2H,α-NH2),8.48(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.18-7.30(m,5H,-C6H5),4.72(t,1H,Phe-α-CH),3.89(t,1H,α-CH),2.87-3.12(m,2H,Phe-β-CH2),2.67-2.82(m,2H,β-CH2);MSm/z:279.1(M-1)-。
实施例17:α-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸的合成。
改N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-甘氨酸2g(8.5mmol)为实施例14得到的N-氨甲酰天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸2g(5.3mmol),10%亚硝酸钠溶液用量改为4.0mL(5.8mmol),采用与实施例15相同的方法,得到α-天冬氨酰-L-苯丙氨酰-甘氨酸1.49g。收率83.8%。1H NMR(DMSO-d6,500MHz)δ:13.03(s,1H,β-COOH),12.57(s,1H,Gly-COOH),9.05(s,1H,Phe-CO-NH-Gly),8.32(s,2H,α-NH2),7.61(s,1H,α-CO-NH),7.18-7.30(m,5H,-C6H5),4.61(s,1H,α-CH-Phe),4.16(s,2H,α-CH2-Gly),3.86(t,1H,α-CH),3.19-3.44(m,2H,β-CH2-Phe),2.45-2.82(m,2H,β-CH2);MSm/z:336.3(M-1)-。
序列表
<110> 南京工业大学
<120> 一种二氢乳清酸酶法制备α-天冬氨酰小肽的方法
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<170> PatentIn version 3.3
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<213> 人工序列
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Claims (8)
2.根据权利要求1所述的二氢乳清酸酶法制备天冬氨酰小肽的方法,其特征在于所述的α-天冬氨酰小肽(1)的R1基团为甘氨酸、L或D-丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、氨基丁酸的残基;或者是L或D-甘氨酰-、丙氨酰-、缬氨酰-、亮氨酰-、异亮氨酰-、苯丙氨酰-、脯氨酰-、色氨酰-、丝氨酰-、酪氨酰-、半胱氨酰-、蛋氨酰-、天冬酰胺酰-、谷氨酰胺酰-、苏氨酰-、天冬氨酰-、谷氨酰-、赖氨酰-、精氨酰-、组氨酰-甘氨酸小肽的残基。
3.根据权利要求1所述的二氢乳清酸酶法制备天冬氨酰小肽的方法,其特征在于步骤1)中所述的氨基酸酯或小二肽类酯化合物为甘氨酸、L或D-丙氨酸、缬氨酸、亮氨酸、异亮氨酸、苯丙氨酸、脯氨酸、色氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、半胱氨酸、蛋氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺、苏氨酸、天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、赖氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、氨基丁酸的α-酯;或者是L或D-甘氨酰-、丙氨酰-、缬氨酰-、亮氨酰-、异亮氨酰-、苯丙氨酰-、脯氨酰-、色氨酰-、丝氨酰-、酪氨酰-、半胱氨酰-、蛋氨酰-、天冬酰胺酰-、谷氨酰胺酰-、苏氨酰-、天冬氨酰-、谷氨酰-、赖氨酰-、精氨酰-、组氨酰-甘氨酸的α-酯中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的二氢乳清酸酶法制备天冬氨酰小肽的方法,其特征在于步骤1)中,所用的接肽试剂为DCC/HOBt、DIC/HOBt、DCC/HOSu和DCC/HOAt中的任意一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的二氢乳清酸酶法制备天冬氨酰小肽的方法,其特征在于步骤3)中,所述含有二氢乳清酸酶的菌体为大肠杆菌K-12;所述的二氢乳清酸酶为含有二氢乳清酸酶基因pET-22b(+)-DHO-his质粒的重组菌株E.coli Rosetta(DE3)所表达、纯化的二氢乳清酸酶。
6.根据权利要求1所述的二氢乳清酸酶法制备天冬氨酰小肽的方法,其特征在于步3)中,所述的弱碱性条件为pH7.5~9.5。
7.根据权利要求1所述的二氢乳清酸酶法制备天冬氨酰小肽的方法,其特征在于步骤3)中,所述的酶或湿菌体与带有末端羧基的二氢乳清酸小肽类化合物的重量比为1:1~80。
8.根据权利要求1所述的二氢乳清酸酶法制备天冬氨酰小肽方法,其特征在于步骤4)中,所述的亚硝酸为亚硝酸钠与稀盐酸的混合溶液;或者在稀盐酸-底物溶液中滴加亚硝酸钠溶液。
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CN85105655A (zh) * | 1984-07-10 | 1987-01-28 | 田辺制药株式会社 | 制备新的1-甲基-4,5-二氢乳清酸的衍生物的方法和其药用合剂的方法 |
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CN1429234A (zh) * | 2000-05-10 | 2003-07-09 | 味之素株式会社 | 天冬氨酰基二肽酯衍生物的制备方法 |
JP4182206B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-24 | 2008-11-19 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | 高活性グリセロール−1−リン酸デヒドロゲナーゼ及び高活性グリセロールデヒドロゲナーゼ |
WO2006124895A2 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2006-11-23 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Mutations for enhanced tyrosine production |
WO2006124895A3 (en) * | 2005-05-16 | 2007-09-13 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Mutations for enhanced tyrosine production |
WO2012056318A1 (en) * | 2010-10-28 | 2012-05-03 | Adisseo France S.A.S. | A method of production of 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid |
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US11045471B2 (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2021-06-29 | Showa Denko K.K. | Melanin production inhibitor, whitening agent, fibroblast activator, collagen and/or elastin production promotor and wrinkle ameliorant |
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