CN102854401A - Array antenna pattern time domain measurement method - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of ime-domain measuring method of array aerial direction figure, belongs to antenna technical field. The present invention first measures array antenna element pattern, using uniform plane wave according to (θ from different perspectives, φ) irradiate array, transient response of each array element under plane wave illumination is measured using digital oscilloscope, obtaining the frequency response is directional diagram of the array element under constant amplitude cophase detector
Finally the array pattern under any given excitation is synthesized using array antenna unit directional diagram principle of stacking using Digital Signal Processing
The present invention: 1) it under array environment carries out, is conducive to the accurate synthesis of array pattern; 2) directional diagram of the array under any given excitation can be measured; 3) array scanning gain pattern can be also integrated out, is more advantageous to and obtains maximum gain distributed areas and scanning blind spot distribution. The present invention has the characteristics that easy to operate, testing efficiency is high, while being also greatly reduced to site requirements, reduces testing cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to antenna technical field, relate to the array aerial direction figure measuring technique, particularly the time domain measurement method of array aerial direction figure.
Background technology
Follow the rise of ultra-wideband communications and ultra-wideband radar technology, but broadband and ultra broadband array antenna are studied widely and are used with exclusive performance glamours such as its high-gain, low secondary lobe and spacescans.Different from narrow-band antenna, ultra-wideband antenna is operated in the situation of transient state bandwidth, must time domain in order to the parameter of describing the ultra-wideband antenna performance.Be the time/frequency domain characteristic of research ultra-wideband antenna, improve antenna measurement efficient, traditional frequency domain measurement technology can not meet the demands, and time domain measurement can obtain antenna performance in the whole frequency band by one-shot measurement.The time domain pattern measurement has become the focus of Chinese scholars research as the pith of ultra broadband array antenna design.
In directional diagram measuring method, mainly contain far field, near field and Compact Range and measure three kinds of modes.In far-field measurement, need long measuring distance, and in order to reduce the interference of periphery electromagnetic environment to measuring, far-field measurement need to carry out under suitable external environment condition and weather, and safety and electromagnetic environment are also had higher requirements.Higher in view of the far field test request, cost is larger, pair array antenna travel direction figure measures common employing near field or Compact Range measuring system.Traditional near field and Compact Range measuring system are the frequency domain near field measurements that the simple signal of employing carries out, and can only measure the antenna frequency domain direction figure of single frequency point at every turn.For the time domain directional diagram test of broadband and ultra-wideband antenna, this system is difficult to realize.
In the last few years, have the researcher progressively the frequency domain measurement technological expansion to time domain, built the time domain near field and tightened measuring system, be used for ultra-wideband antenna time domain pattern measurement.As document " Thorkild B.Hansen and Arthur D.Yaghjian; Planar Near field Scanning in the Time Domain; Part2:Sampling Theorems and ComputationSeptember ", IEEE Transactionson Antenna and propagation, Vol.42, No.9, PP:1292 ~ 1300, September 1994. " a kind of time domain near field measurement method, document " Hao Xiaojun etc., the application of FFT in time domain Compact Range pattern measurement be provided, wireless communication technology, 2002,04 phases, PP:57 ~ 58 " a kind of time domain Compact Range measuring system is provided.These existing time domain measurement systems can finish the time domain pattern measurement of the ultra broadband array antenna of some simple exiting forms, but the ultra broadband array that is used for the multiple activation form is but gone back Shortcomings: (1) is at present radar communication, what use than multisystem is the phased scanning battle array, and the exiting form of its array antenna has changeability, diversity.And existing time domain measurement system one-shot measurement can only be collected the transient state information under a kind of array stimulating form, obtains correspondence direction figure by processing.In the face of the phased array of multiple activation form, need the driving source of continuous switching array, each duplicate measurements, system's malfunction and do not have high efficiency.(2) existing time domain measurement system all utilizes the probe of space distribution to gather to be measured
The radiation information of antenna is processed the information that gathers and is obtained array time domain directional diagram.Because the signal that gathers is transient signal, so sampling probe is the ultra broadband probe, and the more ultra broadband probe of quantity has not only increased cost to antenna measurement system and also inevitably brought measuring error.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the shortcoming that test job is complicated, testing cost is high in existing broadband and the ultra broadband array aerial direction figure measuring method (or system), a kind of time domain measurement method of array aerial direction figure is provided.The method can be finished the time domain measurement of multiple exiting form, a plurality of cellular array directional diagrams fast and efficiently, and is low to hardware requirement simultaneously, reduced the measurement cost.
The technology that the present invention adopts array element receiving pattern mensuration and signal processing method to combine, at first utilize the Compact Range device, producing uniform plane wave shines in array antenna, adopt digital oscilloscope to connect each port of array element, one-shot measurement goes out the receiving pattern of each antenna element of array antenna; Then utilize the array pattern superposition principle, use digital signal processing method, comprehensively go out the array time domain directional diagram under the multiple exiting form.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of time domain measurement method of array aerial direction figure may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: in the microwave dark room environment, utilize pulse signal source to produce time domain impulsive signals, time domain impulsive signals is launched through an irradiation day alignment metal mirror, and reflects to form the Compact Range plane wave by metal mirror, utilizes this Compact Range plane wave illumination array antenna to be measured.Described irradiation antenna adopts the ultra broadband electromagnetic horn, and places near the metal mirror focus; Described metal mirror adopts the metal mirror of hyperboloid shape.
Step 2: utilize digital oscilloscope, measure at the initial incidence angle degree (θ of Compact Range plane wave to array antenna to be measured
0, φ
0) under, the reception signal of each array element of array antenna to be measured
Wherein: p
rExpression receives signal; N=1,2,3 ... .N, N is the array element sum of array antenna to be measured; θ represents the Compact Range plane wave to the vertical direction incident angle of array antenna to be measured, and span is 0 to 360 degree; φ represents the Compact Range plane wave to the horizontal direction incident angle of array antenna to be measured, and span is 0 to 360 degree; T represents time scale.
Step 3: change the Compact Range plane wave to the incident angle of array antenna to be measured, record Compact Range plane wave is to the incident angle (θ of array antenna to be measured
i, φ
j), integrating step 2 is measured the reception signal of each array element of array antenna to be measured under each incident angle
Step 4: because the reception signal of each array element of array antenna to be measured under each incident angle
Be exactly (the θ under incident angle of n array element of array antenna to be measured
i, φ
j) transient response.By the transient response normalization of n array element of array antenna to be measured, obtain the time domain directional diagram of n array element of array antenna to be measured
Step 5: utilize formula:
The directional diagram F of the array antenna to be measured under the synthetic any given excitation
Array(θ, φ, t), wherein
Given n array element and excitation weights amplitude and time correlation (being embodied in a time domain excitation waveform) during for array antenna to be measured design.
The inventive method also can be passed through Fourier transform, can obtain the frequency domain direction figure in certain bandwidth
Wherein
In the technique scheme: step 3 changes the Compact Range plane wave and to the mode of the incident angle of array antenna to be measured can be: Compact Range plane wave described in the fixing step 1 in microwave dark room position relationship and change the position relationship of array antenna array to be measured in microwave dark room; Also can be: fixing array antenna array to be measured in microwave dark room position relationship and change the position relationship of the plane wave of Compact Range described in the step 1 in microwave dark room.The concrete mode that wherein changes the position relationship of array antenna array to be measured in microwave dark room can be: array antenna array to be measured is fixed on the rotation platform, this rotation platform adopts step motor control, can realize the rotation of horizontal direction and vertical direction 0 ~ 360 degree.
The technology that the present invention adopts array element receiving pattern mensuration and signal processing method to combine realizes the measurement of array antenna time domain directional diagram.At first pair array antenna element pattern measurement utilizes uniform plane wave to shine from different perspectives (θ, φ) irradiation array, utilizes digital oscilloscope to obtain the transient response of each array element of array under plane wave illumination
By principle of reciprocity as can be known, after this transient response normalization be the directional diagram of array element under constant amplitude cophase detector
Utilize at last Digital Signal Processing, use array antenna unit directional diagram superposition principle, the array pattern under the synthetic any given excitation
Wherein, it needs to be noted, unit provided by the invention receiving pattern is measured in the array environment, and it has considered mutual coupling between the array element and the scattering properties of array Platform.Therefore, with respect to the receiving pattern of measuring under the unit freestanding environment, it more is conducive to the synthetic of array pattern.In addition, the directional diagram F of the to be measured array antenna of the present invention under synthetic any given excitation
Array(θ, φ, t) time, given excitation weighted value that the weighted value of each array element adopts when being array antenna design to be measured, it is not the excitation weighted value of the phase-shift network circuit generation of feed front end in the actual array antenna, because the excitation weighted value that the design precision of existing microstrip circuit designing technique can produce with the phase-shift network circuit that guarantees the feed front end completely given excitation weighted value consistent (error is less) when designing, therefore the present invention has rejected the phase-shift network circuit of feed front end, the interference of having avoided complicated huge phase-shift network circuit pair array directional diagram test to bring, have simple to operate, the characteristics that testing efficiency is high, simple to site requirements simultaneously, reduced testing cost.
In sum, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1. the present invention utilizes Transient Electromagnetic theoretical, in conjunction with the time domain measurement instrument, is applicable to the measurement of broadband and ultra broadband array antenna time domain directional diagram, is different from frequency domain direction figure measuring system in the past.
2. what the present invention adopted is the method that array element receiving pattern mensuration and Digital Signal Processing combine, and can measure the directional diagram of array under any given excitation, and no longer be the directional diagram under the single excitation, has greatly reduced the test duration.
3. element pattern test of the present invention is to carry out under the array environment, therefore more is conducive to the accurately synthetic of array pattern.
4. the present invention adopts Digital Signal Processing also can comprehensively go out the array scanning gain pattern, more is conducive to obtain maximum gain distributed areas and the distribution of scanning blind spot.
5. the irradiation source antenna of the present invention's employing and metal mirror consist of a Compact Range device, and far-field measurement has greatly reduced array pattern and measured the place relatively.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the related measurement mechanism structural drawing of array aerial direction figure time domain measurement method method of the present invention.
The embodiment dipole linear array that Fig. 2 carries out for checking the method for the invention correctness.
Among Fig. 3 embodiment, determine the array time domain directional diagram that obtains by the method for the invention.
Among Fig. 4 embodiment, determine the comparison diagram of the resulting surface level element pattern of 2D surface level element pattern and this unit of direct-drive of the 5th unit obtaining by the method for the invention, the measurement frequency is 4GHz.
Among the embodiment that Fig. 5 carries out for checking the method for the invention correctness, the specific incentives of determining by the method for the invention is divided the horizontal radiation pattern that plants array and Straight simulation result's comparison diagram.
The drawing reference numeral explanation: the 1st, microwave dark room, the 2nd, metal mirror, the 3rd, irradiation antenna, the 4th, digital oscilloscope, the 5th, rotation platform, the 6th, array antenna to be measured, the 7th, pulse signal source, the 8th, switching system.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
The Array Model that we use among the embodiment includes 10 doublet units altogether, and the equally spaced linearity of each Dipole Arrays column unit is arranged, and spacing is d=45mm between the unit.Used dipole array cell radius r=1mm in the model is that the metal cylinder of l=20mm consists of by two sections length, cylinder interval h=1mm up and down, and its interval part is feed port.The present embodiment is classified example as with line style Dipole Arrays shown in Figure 4 and is tested, and the source signal frequency is 4GHz.
According to the method described in the present invention, utilize plane wave that this array is shone.On surface level, from φ=0 °, every 0.5 ° of irradiation once, the plane wave transient response of each unit is measured, and amplitude and the phase data of record analog value, until φ=180 °.With as the excitation of table 1 (
) be example, to get the amplitude data of the frequency domain response of unit under the φ direction and carry out the maximal value normalized, the array surface level transient state directional diagram that the employing Digital Signal Processing comprehensively obtains is as shown in Figure 3.Simultaneously in order to verify correctness of the present invention, experiment is according to existing active array element pattern measurement method (pair array unit 5 independent drives, under other unit terminal match condition) measure the directional diagram under its 4GHz, the directional diagram of the unit 5 that obtains with the present invention relatively, as shown in Figure 4, can find out in the correlation curve that two kinds of method of testings obtain, directional diagram is basically identical, meets the expection conclusion.As shown in Figure 5, under the activation profile, utilize the method for the invention through the directional diagram of Fourier transform gained array under the 4GHz frequency shown in the table 2, and the comparison between the resulting array horizontal radiation pattern of direct-drive emulation.Both results are consistent, proved the correctness of the method for the invention.
Stimuli profile table among table 1 embodiment
| |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
| |a n| | 0.966 | 0.916 | 1 | 0.975 | 0.948 | 0.953 | 0.920 | 0.871 | 0.851 | 0.867 |
| φ j | 49.5 | 146.4 | 256.1 | 7.4 | 114.9 | 223.3 | 332.6 | 78.8 | 182.4 | 279.9 |
Claims (6)
1. the time domain measurement method of an array aerial direction figure may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: in the microwave dark room environment, utilize pulse signal source to produce time domain impulsive signals, time domain impulsive signals is launched through an irradiation day alignment metal mirror, and reflects to form the Compact Range plane wave by metal mirror, utilizes this Compact Range plane wave illumination array antenna to be measured;
Step 2: utilize digital oscilloscope, measure at the initial incidence angle degree (θ of Compact Range plane wave to array antenna to be measured
0, φ
0) under, the reception signal of each array element of array antenna to be measured
Wherein: p
rExpression receives signal; N=1,2,3 ... .N, N is the array element sum of array antenna to be measured; θ represents the Compact Range plane wave to the vertical direction incident angle of array antenna to be measured, and span is 0 to 360 degree; φ represents the Compact Range plane wave to the horizontal direction incident angle of array antenna to be measured, and span is 0 to 360 degree; T represents time scale;
Step 3: change the Compact Range plane wave to the incident angle of array antenna to be measured, record Compact Range plane wave is to the incident angle (θ of array antenna to be measured
i, φ
j), integrating step 2 is measured the reception signal of each array element of array antenna to be measured under each incident angle
Step 4: because the reception signal of each array element of array antenna to be measured under each incident angle
Be exactly (the θ under incident angle of n array element of array antenna to be measured
i, φ
j) transient response; By the transient response normalization of n array element of array antenna to be measured, obtain the time domain directional diagram of n array element of array antenna to be measured
Step 5: utilize formula:
The directional diagram F of the array antenna to be measured under the synthetic any given excitation
Array(θ, φ, t), wherein
Given n array element and excitation weights amplitude and time correlation during for array antenna to be measured design.
2. the time domain measurement method of array aerial direction figure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 3 change Compact Range plane wave to the mode of the incident angle of array antenna to be measured is: the position relationship of Compact Range plane wave described in the fixing step 1 in microwave dark room changes the position relationship of array antenna array to be measured in microwave dark room.
3. the time domain measurement method of array aerial direction figure according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the concrete mode that changes the position relationship of array antenna array to be measured in microwave dark room is: array antenna array to be measured is fixed on the rotation platform, this rotation platform adopts step motor control, can realize the rotation of horizontal direction and vertical direction 0 ~ 360 degree.
4. the time domain measurement method of array aerial direction figure according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, step 3 change Compact Range plane wave to the mode of the incident angle of array antenna to be measured is: the fixing position relationship of array antenna array to be measured in microwave dark room changes the position relationship of the plane wave of Compact Range described in the step 1 in microwave dark room.
5. the time domain measurement method of arbitrary described array aerial direction figure in 4 according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the antenna of irradiation described in the step 1 is electromagnetic horn, is positioned near the metal mirror focus.
6. the time domain measurement method of arbitrary described array aerial direction figure in 4 according to claim 1 is characterized in that, metal mirror described in the step 1 is hyperboloid shape metal mirror.
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| CN103235194A (en) * | 2013-04-19 | 2013-08-07 | 西北工业大学 | Method for measuring circular polarization antenna axial ratio by utilizing linear polarization antenna |
| CN104101786A (en) * | 2014-06-24 | 2014-10-15 | 中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所 | All airspace active multi beam spherical phased array antenna direction diagram measurement system |
| CN104515909A (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2015-04-15 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Large antenna directional pattern measuring method based on correlation method |
| CN105425185A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-03-23 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | Rectangular-coordinate scanning and calibration system and method for amplitude and phase performances of plane wave |
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| CN111987462A (en) * | 2020-08-21 | 2020-11-24 | 北京航空航天大学 | Phased array antenna phase calibration measurement system and method |
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| CN113809538A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-17 | 北京航空航天大学 | Antenna direction adjusting method and device without hard limit in electromagnetic environment test |
| CN114814386A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-07-29 | 中国人民解放军63660部队 | Method for obtaining beam scanning time domain directional diagram of transient electromagnetic pulse array antenna |
| CN117388588A (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-01-12 | 中国电子科技集团公司第二十九研究所 | Engineering measurement system of VHF or UHF frequency band wide beam antenna pattern |
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| CN107478210B (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2019-12-20 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | Site calibration method for annular deployable antenna |
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| CN111246507A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2020-06-05 | 中国信息通信研究院 | Near-field radio frequency test method |
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Application publication date: 20130102 |