CN106249057B - It is a kind of large-scale around focus rotation beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method - Google Patents
It is a kind of large-scale around focus rotation beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106249057B CN106249057B CN201610607127.9A CN201610607127A CN106249057B CN 106249057 B CN106249057 B CN 106249057B CN 201610607127 A CN201610607127 A CN 201610607127A CN 106249057 B CN106249057 B CN 106249057B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R29/00—Arrangements for measuring or indicating electric quantities not covered by groups G01R19/00 - G01R27/00
- G01R29/08—Measuring electromagnetic field characteristics
- G01R29/10—Radiation diagrams of antennas
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Abstract
It is a kind of large-scale around focus rotation beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method, the present invention obtains the Pattern measurement data of actual working state by the way of rotating feed equivalent rotary reflecting surface by directional diagram coordinate transform and phase output origin translation technology.Antenna to be measured is mounted on turntable, using transit survey antenna coordinate system and place coordinate system relationship, is adjusted using turntable, then with photogrammetric adjustment feed location to design position, measurement direction figure.The coordinate transform of utilization orientation figure and phase output origin translation technology will measure directional diagram and be converted under antenna coordinate system, i.e. actual working state.The present invention is compared with conventional test methodologies, preferably simulate the actual working state that beam scanning antennas beam scanning on satellite is rotated around focus, more easily adjustment antenna is directed toward, the requirement to antenna tooling reduced, stringent mathematical derivation reduces the error that the direct translation carry of amplitude pattern is come, and the phase pattern under new coordinate origin is determined.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of antenna radiation characteristics test methods, especially a kind of large-scale around focus rotation beam scanning day
The test method of beta radiation characteristic belongs to antenna measurement technical field.
Background technology
Antenna is a kind of converter, has the electromagnetic wave for the guided wave on transmission line being converted to free space, or anti-
It is the indispensable part of wireless telecommunications to the characteristic of conversion.Large size is numerous sweep around focus rotation beam scanning antennas
One kind for retouching antenna, in ground communications, satellite communication, satellite navigation, military affairs monitoring, geology and resource exploration, survey of deep space
Suffer from extensive use.Antenna measurement technology is examine detection antenna performance along with antenna development
Section, antenna measurement are the key that verification antenna actual performances and theoretical simulation bridge, be antenna apply to practical have to through
The step of crossing.
Large size rotates beam scanning antennas due to the particularity of its form around focus, is especially applied to the spy of satellite fields
Different property, test request are also slightly different with ordinary antennas test.It, must also when applied to satellite fields due to its bulky
With deployable property, structure be often it is soft or transformable, use environment under space environment in ground environment
Test can be very different, and need special auxiliary mould to eliminate influence etc. of the gravity for reflecting surface structure and feed.
Propose that its reflecting surface is movable and and feed to tooling since it rotates around focus the operating mode of beam scanning, when ground test
A series of high requests such as relative position is adjustable.
Invention content
The technology of the present invention solves the problems, such as：Evade large-scale around focus rotation beam scanning aerial ground test scanning shape
The difficulty that state is difficult to realize, provide it is a kind of it is large-scale rotate beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method around focus, adopt
The method equivalent aerial beam scanning working condition of rotation reflecting surface, the rotation of utilization orientation figure coordinate and phase are replaced with rotating feed
Position output origin translation technology, obtains pattern data of the antenna in beam scanning.
Technical solution of the invention is：It is a kind of large-scale around the focus rotation equivalent test of beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics
Method, steps are as follows：
(1) antenna and tooling are installed on turntable, tooling is used for the additives of artificial antenna working condition on satellite
Part plays the role of fixed antenna reflecting surface and feed and connect turntable；
(2) datum hole or target on transit survey antenna are utilized, antenna coordinate system is determined, utilizes transit survey day
Line tests the benchmark parallel target of system, establishes antenna measurement system coordinate system；
(3) turntable adjustment antenna coordinate system is utilized, antenna coordinate system is made to turn with three axis Euler of Antenna testing system coordinate system
Rz values are less than allowed maximum value in angle, record the value of other two corner R x and Ry at this time；The antenna coordinate system is：It will
Reflecting surface vertically upward direction is determined as z-axis when the initial position that antenna does not scan, and the direction for being parallel to ground is determined as x
Axis, y-axis are determined according to right-hand rule；The antenna measurement system coordinate system is：By the reversed determination in Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction
For z-axis, the direction for being parallel to ground is determined as x-axis, and y-axis is determined according to right-hand rule；
(4) photogrammetric technology is utilized, determines the relative position relation of reflecting surface and feed on antenna, and adjust feed position
Setting makes it be less than permitted maximum value with the position deviation of reflecting surface relative position and Antenna Design value, and corner deviation is less than
Permitted maximum value；
(5) Pattern measurement is carried out to antenna using Antenna testing system and obtains pattern data；
(6) the rotation angle Rx and Ry obtained according to step (3), utilization orientation figure coordinate spinning solution obtain antenna coordinate
Amplitude pattern under system；
(7) positional value of the antenna coordinate system origin determined according to step (2) in testing coordinate system, utilizes phase directional
Figure output origin translation method, obtains the phase pattern under antenna coordinate system.
The specific formula of step (6) the directional diagram coordinate spinning solution is：
Wherein FAz(Az, El), FEl(Az, El) is the side for testing two quadrature components of test gained in system coordinate system
Xiang Tu；WithFor the unit vector under Antenna testing system coordinate system；FAz2(Az2,El2), FEl2(Az2,El2) it is that antenna is sat
Two quadrature component directional diagrams under mark system；WithFor the unit vector under antenna coordinate system.Wherein C is former rectangular co-ordinate
The transition matrix C of system and azimuth pitch coordinate system2For the transition matrix of rectangular coordinate system after rotation and azimuth pitch coordinate system；T
For the transition matrix of rectangular coordinate system after former rectangular coordinate system to rotation.
Step (7) phase pattern exports the specific formula of origin translation method：
Phase2=Phase-k (ux+vy+wz)
Wherein Phase is the phase pattern under Antenna testing system coordinate system, Phase2For the phase under antenna coordinate system
Position directional diagram, k are the wave number corresponding to direction figure, the π of k=2 π/λ=2 c/f, c be the light velocity 2.9979 in vacuum ×
108M/s, f are the corresponding frequency of directional diagram；U, v, w are respectively corresponding to three axis of coordinate set type used in directional diagram
Direction cosines；X, y, z is respectively that required coordinate origin puts three-dimensional coordinate in the case where testing coordinate system.
The maximum value position deviation that antenna allows in step (4) is less than 2mm.
The maximum value corner deviation that antenna allows in step (4) is less than 0.03 degree.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
(1) present invention employs the mode that rotation feed carrys out equivalent rotary reflecting surface, large size is realized around focus rotational wave
The beam scanning working method of beam scanning antenna.
(2) requirement when equivalent way of the invention reduces Pattern measurement to turntable angular range.Because of reflecting surface
Without being rotated according to scan position, test scope remains essentially identical with reflecting surface initial position, so turntable institute
The angle of rotation is also essentially identical in antenna different beams scanning work.
(3) equivalent way of the invention has evaded the problem of flexible reflecting surface adjusts repeatedly, that is, is once adjusted when testing
The whole testing requirement that can meet different scanning wave position.
(4) equivalent way of the invention is more prone to realize and is easy to adjust compared to traditional rotation reflecting surface mode,
Reflecting surface adjusts compared to reflecting surface with angle relative to feed bulky, adjustment feed location and is easy many.
(5) present invention employs directional diagram coordinate rotation techniques and phase pattern to export origin translation technology, reduces
The error that traditional direct translation carry of amplitude pattern is come, it is determined that the phase pattern under required coordinate origin.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 is antenna actual beam scanning mode schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the equivalent beam scanning status diagram of antenna.
Fig. 4 is that phase pattern exports origin translation schematic diagram.
Specific implementation mode
1 pair of inventive antenna is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, specific as follows：
One, detailed step
(1) antenna and tooling being installed on turntable, tooling is the extraneous items of artificial antenna working condition on satellite,
Play the role of fixed reflection surface and feed, connecting test system turntable；
(2) using on transit survey antenna datum hole or target determine antenna coordinate system, utilize transit survey day
Line tests system benchmark parallel target, establishes test system coordinate system.Antenna testing system is that one kind of measurement antenna radiation pattern is general
Equipment, the intrinsic coordinate system of its own are known as testing system coordinate system；
(3) turntable adjustment antenna coordinate system is utilized, makes antenna coordinate system and tests in three axis Euler's corner of system coordinate system
Rz values are less than allowed maximum value, usually 0.03 degree, record the value of other two corner R x and Ry at this time.Usual Antenna Design
When reflecting surface vertically upward direction when initial position that antenna does not scan is determined as z-axis, the direction for being parallel to ground determines
For x-axis, y-axis is determined according to right-hand rule；Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction is determined as z-axis by usual test system, is parallel to ground
Direction is determined as x-axis, and y-axis is determined according to right-hand rule.
(4) utilization is photogrammetric, determines the relative position relation of reflecting surface and feed on antenna, and adjust feed location to make
The position deviation and corner deviation of itself and reflecting surface relative position and Antenna Design value are less than permitted maximum value, general warranty
Position deviation is less than 2mm, and corner deviation is less than 0.03 degree；As shown in Fig. 2, when antenna scanning, conventional method is rotation reflecting surface,
Equivalent method is illustrated in figure 3 rotating feed.
(5) Antenna testing system is utilized, Pattern measurement is carried out and obtains pattern data；
(6) according to the final adjustment in (3) as a result, determining that rotation angle, utilization orientation figure coordinate rotation technique obtain day
Amplitude pattern under line coordinates system, the specific method is as follows：
Wherein FAz(Az, El), FEl(Az, El) is the direction of two quadrature components obtained by Antenna testing system coordinate system
Figure.WithFor the unit vector under the test coordinate system.FAz2(Az2,El2), FEl2(Az2,El2) it is under required coordinate system
Two quadrature component directional diagrams.WithFor the unit vector under required coordinate system.
(7) it according to the final result in (2), determines positional value of the antenna coordinate system origin in testing coordinate system, utilizes
Phase pattern exports origin translation technology, obtains the phase pattern under antenna coordinate system.The specific method is as follows：
Phase2=Phase-k (ux+vy+wz) (formula 3)
Wherein Phase is the phase pattern under former coordinate system, Phase2For the phase pattern under required coordinate system, k
For the wave number corresponding to direction figure, the π of k=2 π/λ=2 c/f, c are the light velocity 2.9979 × 10 in vacuum8M/s, f are direction
It is hertz (Hz) to scheme corresponding frequency unit.U, v, w are respectively corresponding to three axis of coordinate set type used in directional diagram
Direction cosines.X, y, z is respectively that required coordinate origin puts three-dimensional coordinate in the case where testing coordinate system.
The content that description in the present invention is not described in detail belongs to the known technology of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Two, algorithm brief introduction
1, directional diagram coordinate rotates：
By taking Az over El coordinate systems as an example, FAz(Az, El), FEl(Az, El) be original coordinates test gained two just
Hand over the directional diagram of component.WithFor the unit vector under the test coordinate system.FAz2(Az2,El2), FEl2(Az2,El2) be
Two quadrature component directional diagrams under required coordinate system.WithFor the unit vector under required coordinate system.
It finds outFormula 1, formula 2 can be solved.
Wherein C is the transition matrix C of former rectangular coordinate system and azimuth pitch coordinate system2For rectangular coordinate system after rotation and side
The transition matrix of position pitching coordinate system.T is the transition matrix of rectangular coordinate system after former rectangular coordinate system to rotation.
2, phase pattern exports origin translation：
It is assumed that o points point of observation, that is, directional diagram output origin observes that the following a of antenna radiation pattern function is
Amplitude patternFor phase pattern.
Point of observation becomes the o ' of distance original o points D, far field amplitude pattern with apart from unrelated, phase due to apart from source point away from
From variation, pattern function becomes：
It is generalized to three-dimensional any angle and can be obtained formula 10.
Phase2=Phase-k (ux+vy+wz) (formula 11)
Claims (5)
1. a kind of large-scale around focus rotation beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method, it is characterised in that steps are as follows：
(1) antenna and tooling are installed on turntable, tooling is used for the extraneous items of artificial antenna working condition on satellite, rises
With feed and it connect the effect of turntable to fixed antenna reflecting surface；
(2) datum hole or target on transit survey antenna are utilized, determines antenna coordinate system, is surveyed using transit survey antenna
The benchmark parallel target of test system establishes Antenna testing system coordinate system；
(3) turntable adjustment antenna coordinate system is utilized, is made in antenna coordinate system and three axis Euler's corner of Antenna testing system coordinate system
Rz values are less than allowed maximum value, record the value of other two corner R x and Ry at this time；The antenna coordinate system is：By antenna
Reflecting surface vertically upward direction is determined as z-axis when the initial position not scanned, and the direction for being parallel to ground is determined as x-axis, y-axis
It is determined according to right-hand rule；The antenna measurement system coordinate system is：Reversed by Electromagnetic Wave Propagation direction is determined as z-axis,
The direction for being parallel to ground is determined as x-axis, and y-axis is determined according to right-hand rule；
(4) photogrammetric technology is utilized, determines the relative position relation of reflecting surface and feed on antenna, and adjust feed location to make
The position deviation of itself and reflecting surface relative position and Antenna Design value is less than permitted maximum value, and corner deviation is less than and permits
Perhaps maximum value；
(5) Pattern measurement is carried out to antenna using Antenna testing system and obtains pattern data；
(6) the rotation angle Rx and Ry obtained according to step (3), utilization orientation figure coordinate spinning solution obtain under antenna coordinate system
Amplitude pattern；
(7) positional value of the antenna coordinate system origin determined according to step (2) in testing coordinate system, it is defeated using phase pattern
Go out origin translation method, obtains the phase pattern under antenna coordinate system.
2. a kind of large size according to claim 1 rotates beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method around focus,
It is characterized in that：The specific formula of step (6) the directional diagram coordinate spinning solution is：
Wherein FAz(Az, El), FEl(Az, El) is the directional diagram for testing two quadrature components of test gained in system coordinate system；WithFor the unit vector under Antenna testing system coordinate system；FAz2(Az2,El2), FEl2(Az2,El2) it is under antenna coordinate system
Two quadrature component directional diagrams；WithFor the unit vector under antenna coordinate system；Wherein C is former rectangular coordinate system and side
The transition matrix of position pitching coordinate system；C2For the transition matrix of rectangular coordinate system after rotation and azimuth pitch coordinate system；T is former straight
The transition matrix of rectangular coordinate system after angular coordinate system to rotation.
3. a kind of large size according to claim 1 rotates beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method around focus,
It is characterized in that：Step (7) phase pattern exports the specific formula of origin translation method：
Phase2=Phase-k (ux+vy+wz)
Wherein Phase is the phase pattern under Antenna testing system coordinate system, Phase2For the phase directional under antenna coordinate system
Figure, k are the wave number corresponding to direction figure, and the π of k=2 π/λ=2/(c/f), c are the light velocity 2.9979 × 10 in vacuum8M/s, f
For the corresponding frequency of directional diagram；U, v, w are respectively direction cosines corresponding to three axis of coordinate set type used in directional diagram；
X, y, z is respectively required three-dimensional coordinate of the coordinate origin in the case where testing coordinate system.
4. a kind of large size according to claim 1 rotates beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method around focus,
It is characterized in that：The maximum value position deviation that antenna allows in step (4) is less than 2mm.
5. a kind of large size according to claim 1 rotates beam scanning antenna radiation characteristics equivalent detecting method around focus,
It is characterized in that：The maximum value corner deviation that antenna allows in step (4) is less than 0.03 degree.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN108152787B (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2021-07-06 | 上海卫星工程研究所 | Method for accurately acquiring beam direction of satellite radar antenna |
| CN109742555B (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2021-04-27 | 南京邮电大学 | Space lens scanning antenna and beam scanning method thereof |
| WO2020124979A1 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-06-25 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | A portable, integrated antenna test bed with built-in turntable |
| CN110058091B (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2021-06-08 | 中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所 | Antenna servo system calibration method based on coordinate rotation |
| CN112105937A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-12-18 | 深圳市大疆创新科技有限公司 | Antenna directional pattern testing method, device and storage medium |
| CN111308227A (en) * | 2020-04-14 | 2020-06-19 | 刘锡国 | Short wave antenna directional diagram measuring system |
| CN112526227B (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-09-20 | 国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心) | Method and device for measuring antenna direction characteristics of satellite-borne microwave radiometer |
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