CN112034465A - Conformal phased array MST radar along natural terrain layout - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/88—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S13/95—Radar or analogous systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
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- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
- G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
- G01S7/41—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section
- G01S7/418—Theoretical aspects
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
- G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
- G01S2013/0236—Special technical features
- G01S2013/0245—Radar with phased array antenna
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Abstract
The invention discloses a conformal phased array MST radar distributed along natural topography, which adopts a plurality of antenna arrays to form a sub-array, adopts a plurality of sub-arrays to form an antenna array, and connects a TR component to each antenna array, wherein the TR component controls the radiation amplitude, phase, polarization and receiving and transmitting time of the antenna arrays; each array receives an excitation signal of a frequency source, and radiates a transmission signal with a specified frequency to a space through a TR component; and the TR component controls the antenna array to receive the echo, the echo is transmitted to the DBF module through the subarray to form a wave beam signal in a specified direction, and the wave beam signal is sent to the signal data processing module to be analyzed to obtain the information of the intensity, the speed and the spectrum width of the target.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of radar array surface layout, and particularly relates to an antenna subarray construction technology.
Background
The MST radar is a special radio detection radar for atmospheric layer observation working in a VHF frequency band, is mainly used for observing neutral atmospheric wind fields and gas molecule distribution of an intermediate layer, a stratosphere, a troposphere, and letters M, S, T respectively represent the intermediate layer, the stratosphere and the troposphere.
The detection is realized according to the scattering of the radar-emitted electromagnetic wave by the atmosphere refractive index irregularity, and the dynamic characteristics of the atmosphere (from the ground to the height of 100 km) in the troposphere, the stratosphere and the middle layer, including wind field, fluctuation, turbulence, atmosphere stability, humidity, temperature, gradient and other atmosphere element information related to the atmosphere refractive index, can be obtained.
The MST radar can work under all weather conditions, can almost continuously measure right above a station site, has high space-time resolution and good continuity and real-time performance, can obtain all-atmosphere state parameters including vertical distribution information of temperature, density, wind field, atmosphere components and the like, improves the understanding of the interconnection between a macro dynamic process and a micro physical process, particularly plays an important role in revealing the relationship between a heavy weather and climate process from a lower layer (troposphere atmosphere to the ground) and a medium-high layer atmosphere (ionosphere), and is main equipment for space weather detection.
The MST radar adopts a phased array technology, works in a VHF frequency band, has a wavelength of more than 6 meters generally, and has a larger antenna array area which is close to or more than 10000m generally2The transmitting power is also high, the transmitting power is in the magnitude of hundreds of kilowatts to megawatts, along with the rapid development of economy, the radar antenna array is difficult to find out and arrange on a proper large and flat ground at present, the construction is carried out by utilizing the uneven ground in a remote place, the cost for leveling the ground is also high, the difficulty of site selection of the MST radar is overcome, the radar construction cost is reduced, and the MST radar has the advantages of solving the problem of low cost in the MST radar construction processThe problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a conformal phased array MST radar which is arranged along a natural terrain, and the following technical scheme is adopted in the invention in order to achieve the purpose.
A plurality of antenna arrays are adopted to form a subarray, a plurality of subarrays are adopted to form an antenna array, each antenna array is connected with a TR component, and the TR components control the amplitude, phase, polarization and transceiving time of radiation of the antenna arrays; each array receives an excitation signal of a frequency source, and radiates a transmission signal with a specified frequency to a space through a TR component; and the TR component controls the antenna array to receive the echo, the echo is transmitted to the DBF module through the subarray to form a wave beam signal in a specified direction, and the wave beam signal is sent to the signal data processing module to be analyzed to obtain the information of the intensity, the speed and the spectrum width of the target.
The antenna elements are arranged in a 45/135 polarization mode by adopting dipole antennas or yagi antennas, the elements are arranged in a triangular mode, and the horizontal projection is aligned with 4.5-meter-spaced equilateral triangle grids corresponding to the wavelength of 0.7.
An antenna subarray is formed by adopting 19 pairs of antenna arrays, TR components and a 1:19 power divider, the layout of the subarray is hexagonal, 49 antenna subarrays are formed by adopting 931 antenna arrays, an antenna array is approximately circular, the diameter of the antenna array is 160 meters, and the normal direction of a wave beam is opposite to a zenith.
The output power of each TR component is controllable, the TR components are divided into three gears of 2kW, 1kW and 500W, the maximum duty ratio is 5%, and the maximum total peak output power of all the TR components exceeds 1.8 MW.
The antenna arrays are arranged along the natural terrain, the sub-arrays are arranged at different heights, the antenna arrays of the sub-arrays are arranged at the same height, the DBF module is adopted to adjust the phase and amplitude of the radiation signals, and the path difference of the sub-arrays in the beam direction is compensated.
The radar is controlled by software in a machine room, instructions and timing are sent, excitation signals are generated by a frequency synthesizer, are sent to a transmitting feed network of an antenna array surface through a transmitting pre-stage, are amplified by a sub-array and are distributed to each T/R assembly, a code of the phase and the amplitude of the T/R assembly is preset by a wave control host machine, the sub-array wave control of the antenna array surface is realized, the T/R assembly controls an antenna array, a transmitting beam is formed in a space, and a detection airspace is covered.
The antenna array detects meteorological targets to form echo signals, the echo signals are sent to a digital receiver by a subarray synthesis network, the echo signals are sent to a DBF module of a computer room to form wave beams after filtering, amplification and A/D conversion, the horizontal wind speed, the horizontal wind direction, the vertical airflow signal-to-noise ratio, the vertical airflow profile chart and the vertical airflow profile time variation chart of each height layer are calculated through signal processing, and state display control and data acquisition are realized through data processing
Extracting discrete complex signals by adopting a Doppler beam swing scanning (MST mode) method, an interval antenna (SA mode) method, an interference measurement (interference mode) method and an incoherent scattering detection (IS mode) method, and enabling the time interval of an output result to be the time delay interval of an autocorrelation function; calculating the time delay product of the filtering result, generating a time delay profile matrix, and accumulating the autocorrelation functions of different pulses; according to the coding mode, calculating autocorrelation functions of the scattering signals in different height ranges through a time delay profile matrix and a fuzzy function, and performing incoherent accumulation on the autocorrelation functions in different periods; and performing discrete Fourier transform on the finally accumulated autocorrelation function result to obtain a power spectrum of the scattering signal.
The method comprises the steps of detecting a three-dimensional wind field above a radar by adopting a Doppler beam swing scanning (MST mode), scattering signals at different heights when a zenith inclines within 45 degrees through phase control, obtaining wind field data of different height layers at different moments, or scattering signals at different heights through the zenith, 15 degrees to the east, 15 degrees to the west, 15 degrees to the south and 15 degrees to the north to obtain wind profile data of different height layers at different moments, and obtaining a small-scale eddy current structure through instantaneous multi-beam detection.
The method comprises the steps of vertically transmitting wide-beam electric waves to the space above a radar by adopting an interval antenna (SA mode), respectively receiving echo signals by adopting a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, and calculating the horizontal movement speed of an atmospheric target through full correlation analysis.
The method comprises the steps of adopting an Interferometry (interference mode) method to emit vertical beams which comprise two separated and close working frequency signals, adopting a plurality of antenna sub-arrays to combine into three spaced antenna arrays, receiving a backscattering signal of atmosphere, calculating an autocorrelation spectrum and a cross-correlation spectrum, and inverting the wind speed and the wind direction.
The method comprises the steps of adopting an incoherent scattering detection (IS mode) method to transmit signals with maximum peak power, selecting single-carrier frequency long pulses, multiple pulses or Barker codes, receiving the signals, and obtaining incoherent scattering signals of atmospheric targets through autocorrelation analysis.
The antenna array of the radar is divided into a plurality of sub-arrays, the sub-arrays are arranged on the ground or buildings with different height differences according to the terrain height, the antennas in the sub-arrays are arranged on the same height difference surface, the installation reference of each sub-array is determined according to the actual geographic position, and the construction cost of the radar is reduced to the lowest; by adopting a Doppler beam scanning (MST mode) method, an interval antenna (SA mode) method, an interference measurement (interference measurement mode) method and an incoherent scattering detection (IS mode) method, multiple detection modes are added on the traditional MST radar, and the detection requirements of multiple atmospheric environment parameters of the atmosphere from the ground to hundreds of kilometers in height are met.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram of a radar system architecture, fig. 2 is a diagram of an antenna array layout, fig. 3 is a diagram of an antenna array layout, fig. 4 is a flow chart of echo signal processing, fig. 5 is a normal lobe pattern, fig. 6 is a normal two-dimensional lobe pattern, fig. 7 is a scanned 25 ° lobe pattern, and fig. 8 is a scanned 25 ° two-dimensional lobe pattern.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is specifically explained in the following by combining the attached drawings.
A plurality of antenna arrays are adopted to form a subarray, a plurality of subarrays are adopted to form an antenna array, each antenna array is connected with a TR component, and the TR components control the amplitude, phase, polarization and receiving and transmitting time of radiation of the antenna arrays.
The antenna arrays are arranged in a 45/135 polarization mode of a dipole antenna or a yagi antenna, as shown in fig. 1, the arrays are arranged in a triangular shape, the horizontal projection is aligned with 4.5-meter-spaced equilateral triangle grids, corresponding to 0.7 wavelength, and an antenna array is formed by 19 pairs of antenna arrays, TR components and a 1:19 power divider.
The layout of the subarray is hexagonal, 931 antenna arrays are adopted to form 49 antenna subarrays, the antenna array is approximately circular, the diameter is 160 meters, and the normal direction of the wave beam is opposite to the zenith.
The output power of each TR component is controllable, the TR components are divided into three gears of 2kW, 1kW and 500W, the maximum duty ratio is 5%, and the maximum total peak output power of all the TR components exceeds 1.8 MW.
The antenna arrays are arranged along the natural terrain, the sub-arrays are arranged at different heights, as shown in fig. 2, the antenna arrays of the sub-arrays are arranged at the same height, and the DBF module is adopted to adjust the phase and amplitude of the radiation signals and compensate the path difference of the sub-arrays in the beam direction.
Each array receives an excitation signal of a frequency source, and radiates a transmission signal with a specified frequency to a space through a TR component; the TR component controls the antenna array to receive echo, the echo is transmitted to the DBF module through the subarray to form a wave beam signal in a designated direction, the wave beam signal is transmitted to the signal data processing module to be analyzed, the intensity, the speed and the spectrum width information of a target are obtained, as shown in figure 3, a machine room controls a radar through software, a sending instruction and timing are carried out, a frequency synthesizer generates an excitation signal, the excitation signal is transmitted to a transmitting feed network of an antenna array surface through a transmitting pre-stage, the excitation signal is amplified through the subarray and is distributed to each T/R component, a code of the phase and the amplitude of the T/R component is preset by a wave control host machine to realize the subarray wave control of the antenna array surface, the T/R component controls the antenna array to form a transmitting wave beam in space, a detection airspace is covered, the antenna array surface detects a meteorological target to form an echo signal, the echo signal is transmitted to, the DBF module sent to the machine room forms wave beams, the horizontal wind speed, the horizontal wind direction, the vertical airflow signal-to-noise ratio, the vertical airflow profile line graph and the vertical airflow profile line time-varying graph of each height layer are calculated through signal processing, and state display control and data acquisition are achieved through data processing
Extracting discrete complex signals by using a doppler beam swing scanning (MST mode) method, an interval antenna (SA mode) method, an interference measurement (interference mode) method, and an incoherent scattering detection (IS mode) method, as shown in fig. 4, so that the time interval of the output result IS the time delay interval of the autocorrelation function; calculating the time delay product of the filtering result, generating a time delay profile matrix, and accumulating the autocorrelation functions of different pulses; according to the coding mode, calculating autocorrelation functions of the scattering signals in different height ranges through a time delay profile matrix and a fuzzy function, and performing incoherent accumulation on the autocorrelation functions in different periods; and performing discrete Fourier transform on the finally accumulated autocorrelation function result to obtain a power spectrum of the scattering signal.
Coherent signals perform coherent accumulation over multiple pulse periods for the same range gate, and then calculate an autocorrelation function, which is a "pulse-to-pulse" technique. For the incoherent echo signal of the ionosphere, which has a short coherence time (less than the pulse repetition period), the autocorrelation function and the spectral analysis of all the sampled samples must be completed within the pulse period. And respectively calculating sub-correlation functions in each pulse period, and accumulating the autocorrelation functions.
A Doppler beam swing scanning (MST mode) method is adopted to detect a three-dimensional wind field above a radar, signals are scattered at different heights when the zenith deviates from any angle within 45 degrees through phase control, wind field data of different height layers at different moments are obtained, and a small-scale eddy current structure is obtained through instantaneous multi-beam detection.
The method comprises the steps of detecting a three-dimensional wind field above a radar by adopting a Doppler wave beam swing scanning (wind profile mode), scattering signals at different heights of zenith, east 15 degrees, west 15 degrees, south 15 degrees and north 15 degrees through phase control, obtaining wind profile data of different height layers at different moments, and obtaining a small-scale eddy current structure through instantaneous multi-beam detection.
The method comprises the steps of vertically transmitting wide-beam electric waves to the space above a radar by adopting an interval antenna (SA mode), respectively receiving echo signals by adopting a plurality of antenna sub-arrays, and calculating the horizontal movement speed of an atmospheric target through full correlation analysis.
The method comprises the steps of adopting an Interferometry (interference mode) method to emit vertical beams which comprise two separated and close working frequency signals, adopting a plurality of antenna sub-arrays to combine into three spaced antenna arrays, receiving a backscattering signal of atmosphere, calculating an autocorrelation spectrum and a cross-correlation spectrum, and inverting the wind speed and the wind direction.
The normal lobe plot is shown in fig. 5, the normal two-dimensional lobe plot is shown in fig. 6, the scanning 25 deg. lobe plot is shown in fig. 7, and the scanning 25 deg. two-dimensional lobe plot is shown in fig. 8.
The above-described embodiments are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A conformal phased array MST radar laid out along natural terrain, comprising: a plurality of antenna arrays are adopted to form a sub-array, and a plurality of sub-arrays are adopted to form an antenna array; the antenna array is arranged along the natural terrain, each subarray is arranged at different heights, and the antenna arrays of each subarray are arranged at the same height; each antenna array is connected with a TR component, and the TR component controls the amplitude, the phase, the polarization and the transceiving time of the radiation of the antenna array; each array receives an excitation signal of a frequency source, and radiates a transmission signal with a specified frequency to a space through a TR component; the TR component controls the antenna array to receive echo, the echo is transmitted to the DBF module through the sub-arrays, the phase and the amplitude of a radiation signal are adjusted, the path difference of each sub-array in the beam direction is compensated, a beam signal in the designated direction is formed, and the beam signal is sent to the signal data processing module to be analyzed, so that the information of the intensity, the speed and the spectrum width of a target is obtained.
2. The conformal phased array MST radar along a natural landscape layout of claim 1, wherein the antenna arrays are arranged with dipole or yagi 45 °/135 ° polarization, the arrays are arranged in a triangular pattern, the horizontal projection is aligned with a 4.5 meter spaced equilateral triangular grid, corresponding to 0.7 wavelength; an antenna subarray is formed by adopting 19 antenna arrays, 19 TR components and a 1:19 power divider, the layout of the subarray is hexagonal, 49 antenna subarrays are formed by adopting 931 antenna arrays, an antenna array is approximately circular, the diameter is 160 meters, and the normal direction of a wave beam is opposite to an antenna top; the output power of the TR assemblies is controllable, the TR assemblies are divided into three gears of 2kW, 1kW and 500W, the maximum duty ratio is 5%, and the maximum total peak output power of all the TR assemblies exceeds 1.8 MW.
3. The conformal phased array MST radar along a natural terrain layout of claim 1, further comprising: the radar is controlled by software in a machine room, instructions and timing are sent, excitation signals are generated by a frequency synthesizer, are sent to a transmitting feed network of an antenna array surface through a transmitting pre-stage, are amplified by a sub-array and are distributed to each T/R assembly, a code of the phase and the amplitude of the T/R assembly is preset by a wave control host machine, the sub-array wave control of the antenna array surface is realized, the T/R assembly controls an antenna array, a transmitting beam is formed in a space, and a detection airspace is covered.
4. The conformal phased array MST radar along a natural terrain layout of claim 1, further comprising: the antenna array surface detects a meteorological target to form an echo signal, the echo signal is sent to a digital receiver by a subarray synthesis network, the echo signal is sent to a DBF module of a machine room to form a wave beam after filtering, amplifying and A/D conversion, the horizontal wind speed, the horizontal wind direction, the vertical airflow signal-to-noise ratio, the vertical airflow profile chart and the vertical airflow profile time variation chart of each height layer are calculated through signal processing, and state display control and data acquisition are achieved through data processing.
5. The conformal phased array MST radar along a natural terrain layout of claim 4, wherein the signal processing comprises: extracting discrete complex signals by adopting a Doppler wave beam swing scanning method, an interval antenna method, an interference measurement method and an incoherent scattering detection method, so that the time interval of an output result is the time delay interval of an autocorrelation function; calculating the time delay product of the filtering result, generating a time delay profile matrix, and accumulating the autocorrelation functions of different pulses; according to the coding mode, calculating autocorrelation functions of the scattering signals in different height ranges through a time delay profile matrix and a fuzzy function, and performing incoherent accumulation on the autocorrelation functions in different periods; and performing discrete Fourier transform on the finally accumulated autocorrelation function result to obtain a power spectrum of the scattering signal.
6. The conformal phased array MST radar along natural terrain layout of claim 5, wherein the employing doppler beam wiggle scanning method comprises: the method comprises the steps of detecting a three-dimensional wind field above a radar, realizing signal scattering at different heights when the zenith inclines for any angle within 45 degrees through phase control, obtaining wind field data of different height layers at different moments, and obtaining a small-scale eddy current structure through instantaneous multi-beam detection.
7. The conformal phased array MST radar along natural terrain layout of claim 6, wherein the employing doppler beam wiggle scanning method comprises: the method comprises the steps of detecting a three-dimensional wind field above a radar, scattering signals at different heights of zenith, 15 degrees to east, 15 degrees to west, 15 degrees to south and 15 degrees to north through phase control, obtaining wind profile data of layers with different heights at different moments, and obtaining a small-scale eddy current structure through instantaneous multi-beam detection.
8. The conformal phased array MST radar along natural terrain layout of claim 5, wherein the employing spaced antenna method comprises: the wide-beam electric wave is vertically emitted to the space above the radar, a plurality of antenna sub-arrays are adopted to respectively receive echo signals, and the horizontal movement speed of the atmospheric target is calculated through full correlation analysis.
9. The conformal phased array MST radar along a natural terrain layout of claim 5, wherein the employing interferometric methods comprises: and transmitting a vertical beam which comprises two separated and close working frequency signals, combining a plurality of antenna sub-arrays into three spaced antenna arrays, receiving a backscattering signal of atmosphere, calculating an autocorrelation frequency spectrum and a cross-correlation frequency spectrum, and inverting the wind speed and the wind direction.
10. The conformal phased array MST radar along a natural terrain layout of claim 5, wherein the employing a non-coherent scatter detection method comprises: the method comprises the steps of transmitting signals with maximum peak power, selecting single-carrier frequency long pulse, multi-pulse or Barker code, receiving the signals, and obtaining incoherent scattering signals of atmospheric targets through autocorrelation analysis.
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| CN113036453A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-25 | 中国电子科技集团公司第三十八研究所 | Transmitting-receiving array-surface-sharing limited scanning antenna array and design method |
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