CN102844555B - 包括用于气缸盖的连接组件的内燃机 - Google Patents

包括用于气缸盖的连接组件的内燃机 Download PDF

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CN102844555B
CN102844555B CN201180014131.XA CN201180014131A CN102844555B CN 102844555 B CN102844555 B CN 102844555B CN 201180014131 A CN201180014131 A CN 201180014131A CN 102844555 B CN102844555 B CN 102844555B
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internal combustion
potted component
cylinder head
gas leading
leading part
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CN102844555A (zh
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T·奥伯诺斯
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AVL List GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1811Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration
    • F01N13/1816Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly
    • F01N13/1805Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body
    • F01N13/1827Sealings specially adapted for exhaust systems
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/10Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of charging or scavenging apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02FCYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F1/00Cylinders; Cylinder heads 
    • F02F1/24Cylinder heads
    • F02F1/42Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads
    • F02F1/4264Shape or arrangement of intake or exhaust channels in cylinder heads of exhaust channels
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12Improving ICE efficiencies

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种内燃机,该内燃机具有用于气缸盖(2)的连接组件,该连接组件包括连接到气缸盖(2)的至少一个流动开口(3a)的至少一个空气或气体引导部件(4)、特别是排气歧管(5)或进气歧管,其中,至少一个密封元件(9)设置在空气或气体引导部件(4)与气缸盖(2)之间。为了减少组装复杂度并节约安装空间,用于空气或气体引导部件(4)的至少一个紧固装置(7)在空间上与密封元件(9)分开设置。

Description

包括用于气缸盖的连接组件的内燃机
本发明涉及一种具有用于气缸盖的连接组件的内燃机,该连接组件包括连接到气缸盖的至少一个流动开口的至少一个空气或气体引导部件、特别是排气歧管或进气歧管,其中,在空气或废气引导部件与气缸盖之间设置有至少一个密封元件。
通常,进气歧管或排气歧管借助螺纹装置或夹持装置来紧固到气缸盖,每个通道开口或待紧固的部件设置有至少一个螺纹装置或夹持装置。这些螺纹装置或夹持装置多半是紧邻通道开口来设置,以在进气歧管或排气歧管的部件刚度通常有限的情况下产生相对较大的按压力,安装在两个待连接的部件之间的密封件通常需要这些按压力。这大大地限制了构造的自由度,这是因为有必要触及用于安装或移除进气歧管和排气歧管的螺纹装置。由于所需的螺纹装置间隙和用于施加工具的工作空间,用于放置其它所需部件的总的空间和待安装部件的设计自由度将受到不利的影响。
DE 102008029020A1公开了一种包括气缸盖的内燃机,该气缸盖具有集成的排气歧管,废气引导单元借助夹持凸缘装置安装在该气缸盖上,夹持凸缘装置包括与气缸盖相关联的气缸凸缘以及与该单元相关联的单元凸缘,这些凸缘在凸缘平面的方向上彼此压抵。为了实现该目的,设置沿凸缘平面的方向安装的至少一个卡板(Spannbrücke),该卡板搭接在气缸凸缘和单元凸缘上,并通过至少一个斜面以夹持的方式作用于两个凸缘上。卡板经由螺纹装置与气缸盖直接螺纹连接在一起。
不利的是必须在气缸盖上设置螺纹孔,这一方面增加了生产强度,另一方面限制了冷却水套的设计自由度。
从DE 10 2007 002 825 A1,WO 09/003668A1,DE 102004010815A1,DE102004037865A1,DE 10251771A1,DE 4430339A1,DE 19510718A1,DE 19653908A1,DE4205454A1或DE 2331510A1的公开文献中已知用于将排气歧管紧固到气缸盖的其它夹持方案。在大多数这些方案中,设置用于紧固的螺纹装置,但需要相当大的安装空间。
本发明的目的是避免这些缺点,并提出用于将空气或气体引导部件连接到气缸盖的替代的紧固可能性,借此可以减少安装耗费和并节约空间。
根据本发明如此实现该目的:用于空气或气体引导部件的至少一个紧固装置在空间上与密封元件分开地设置,较佳地,空气或气体引导部件仅紧固到气缸体。还可以将空气或气体引导部件仅紧固到气缸盖,或者部分地紧固到气缸体、部分地紧固到气缸盖。
紧固装置还能以与密封元件功能上分开的方式来设置。
由于密封元件、气缸盖和空气或气体引导部件的变形,仅需要相对较小的夹持力。
空气或气体引导部件较佳地仅通过至少一个密封元件与气缸盖连接。因此,构成空气或废气引导部件的排气歧管或进气歧管仅紧固到气缸体,例如螺纹连接到该气缸体。空气或气体引导部件可由例如排气歧管构成,该排气歧管固定地连接到废气涡轮增压器的外壳,或者可以由与所述涡轮增压器成一体的一个部件构成,排气歧管和废气涡轮增压器共同紧固到气缸体。
挠性密封元件较佳地设置在气缸盖和空气或气体引导部件之间。密封元件能一体地或者以多部件来设置,并且密封元件能至少部分地设置成波纹件,和/或在至少一个外水套表面的区域内,密封元件能在连接至气缸盖或空气或气体引导部件的连接区域内至少部分地具有球形段或圆柱形的形状。
如果密封元件设置成多部件,则密封元件可包括在连接区域内的球形段部件之间或环形部件之间的管状波纹部件,三个部件以气密的方式持久地彼此连接,例如胶粘、钎焊或熔焊。每个密封元件在连接区域内连接到、例如被压入气缸盖和/或空气或气体引导部件。球形段的形状设置成使其密封功能由排气歧管内的气体压力来支持。
由于根据本发明的连接结构,可靠性和持久性得益提高,可以在较低的开发风险的情况下实现气体引导通道的流动促进构造。密封元件和紧固装置的空间和功能分离使得能在对振动敏感的涡轮增压器附近进行紧固。
下面,将参照附图更详细地解释本发明,其中:
图1以侧视图示出根据本发明的内燃机;
图2以正视图示出所述内燃机;
图3示出第一实施例中的、根据图2中的细部III的密封元件;
图4示出第二实施例中的、根据图2中的细部III的密封元件,以及
图5示出本发明的第三实施例中的、根据图2中的细部III的密封元件。
功能相同的部件在各实施例中设有相同的附图标记。
图1和2示出具有气缸体1和气缸盖2的内燃机。气缸盖2包括在图3至5中所示的多个换气通道3,这些换气通道在气缸盖2的纵向侧面2a的区域内通入流动开口3a或从流动开口3a引出。换气通道3可以是进气通道或排气通道。在本实施例中,换气通道由排气通道构成。空气或气体引导部件4连接到换气通道3,该空气或气体引导部件可以由收集器或诸如涡轮增压器的连接单元构成,收集器是进气歧管或排气集管。空气或气体引导部件4在本示例中由排气歧管5构成,该排气歧管刚性地连接到废气涡轮增压器的外壳或与该废气涡轮增压器一体设置。附图标记T表示废气涡轮机,而附图标记C表示废气涡轮增压器6的增压器。
排气歧管5借助诸如紧固螺纹件8的紧固装置7仅固定到气缸体1。排气歧管5不固定到气缸盖2。这种构造使排气歧管5经由挠性的或挠性可动安装的刚性密封元件9连接到换气通道3。这种挠性作用的密封元件9在图3至图5中以各种实施例示出。重要的是,密封元件9能补偿气缸盖2与排气歧管5之间的相对运动。密封元件9能至少部分地具有球形段或环面的形状。
图3示出一体的密封元件9,该密封元件包括在两端部处构造成球形段的连接区域10、11,在连接区域之间设置有波纹件19。密封元件9借助微小的压配合来插入流动开口3a、5a。球形段的形状允许密封元件9能吸收轴向、径向和周向(winkelig角)位移。
图4和图5示出由三个部件以气密方式组装而成的密封元件9。在图4中,密封元件9由中间波纹部件12和连接区域10、11内的两个环形部件13、14构成,环形部件13、14将密封元件9连接到气缸盖2和排气歧管5。环形部件13、14以持久和气密的方式一方面按压到气缸盖2内,另一方面按压到排气歧管5上。在如图5中所示的实施例中,球形段部件15、16在连接区域10、11内压抵气缸盖2或排气歧管5内的球形的加工区域17、18。球形的形状设置成使密封功能由排气歧管5内的气体压力来支持。
重要的是,排气歧管5的密封和紧固功能彼此分开。因此,排气歧管5能通过至少一个紧固装置7远离排气歧管5与气缸盖2之间的密封元件9来紧固,为紧固排气歧管而产生的螺纹紧固力对于产生所需的密封按压没有任何作用。密封元件9的密封按压将单独由密封件或者为密封件预定的空间的形状、功能和/或尺寸来限定。密封件必须能吸收和/或补偿所有对应的热变形和/或由振动引起的变形和位移。
通过使紧固和密封功能分开,能提高排气歧管5在热机械疲劳强度方面的性能。这样能减少形成裂缝,这是因为排气歧管能在气缸盖附近相对于彼此自由运动。
此外,紧固螺纹件8能放置到可以容易地触及它们的区域,而不影响排气歧管5的促进流动的形状。特别是,由排气歧管5和废气涡轮增压器6构成的整个单元能在一个工作步骤中安装。此外,可以将紧固螺纹件8放置于排气系统和/或涡轮增压器的重心区域内,以使产生振动的激励最小化,而无须任何附加的支承件。

Claims (19)

1.一种内燃机,所述内燃机具有用于气缸盖(2)的连接组件,所述连接组件包括连接到所述气缸盖(2)的至少个流动开口(3a)的至少一个气体引导部件(4),至少一个密封元件(9)设置在所述气体引导部件(4)与所述气缸盖(2)之间,其特征在于,所述气体引导部件(4)仅经由至少一个密封元件连接到所述气缸盖(2)并且仅紧固到所述气缸体(1),并且用于所述气体引导部件(4)的至少一个紧固装置(7)在空间上与所述密封元件(9)分开设置。
2.如权利要求1所述的内燃机,其特征在于,用于所述气体引导部件(4)的至少一个紧固装置(7)以在功能上与密封元件(9)分开的方式来设置。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述气体引导部件(4)螺纹连接到所述气缸体上。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述气体引导部件(4)至少部分地紧固到所述气缸盖(2)。
5.如权利要求4所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述气体引导部件(4)螺纹连接到所述气缸盖上。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述密封元件(9)挠性地设置和/或挠性地连接到所述气缸盖(2)或所述气体引导部件(4)。
7.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述密封元件(9)至少部分地设置成波纹件(19)。
8.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,在至少一个外水套表面的区域内,所述密封元件(9)在所述气体引导部件(4)或所述气缸盖(2)的至少一个连接区域(10,11)内至少部分地具有球形段或圆柱形或圆锥形的形状。
9.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述密封元件(9)以一体的方式来设置。
10.如权利要求1所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述密封元件(9)以多个部分来设置。
11.如权利要求10所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述密封元件(9)的至少一部分由波纹部件(12)构成。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述密封元件(9)的至少一部分由球形段部件(15,16)构成。
13.如权利要求10或11所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述密封元件(9)的至少一部分由环形部件(13,14)构成。
14.如权利要求10或11所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述密封元件(9)的各部分以气密的方式永久地彼此连接。
15.如权利要求10或11所述的内燃机,其特征在于,至少一个密封元件(9)被压入所述气缸盖(2)和/或所述气体引导部件(4)的流动开口(3a)内。
16.如权利要求10或11所述的内燃机,其特征在于,至少一个密封元件(9)被按压到所述气体引导部件(4)上。
17.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述气体引导部件(4)由排气歧管(5)构成,所述排气歧管刚性地连接到废气涡轮增压器(6)的外壳或者与所述涡轮增压器一体设置,所述排气歧管(5)和所述废气涡轮增压器(6)共同紧固到所述气缸体(1)。
18.如权利要求1所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述至少一个气体引导部件是排气歧管(5)或进气歧管。
19.如权利要求1或2所述的内燃机,其特征在于,所述气体引导部件(4)是空气引导部件。
CN201180014131.XA 2010-03-18 2011-03-14 包括用于气缸盖的连接组件的内燃机 Expired - Fee Related CN102844555B (zh)

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AT4402010A AT509689B1 (de) 2010-03-18 2010-03-18 Zylinderkopf-abgassammleranordnung
ATA440/2010 2010-03-18
ATA249/2011A AT509691B1 (de) 2010-03-18 2011-02-24 Brennkraftmaschine mit einer verbindungsanordnung für einen zylinderkopf
ATA249/2011 2011-02-24
PCT/EP2011/053797 WO2011113793A1 (de) 2010-03-18 2011-03-14 Brennkraftmaschine mit einer verbindungsanordnung für einen zylinderkopf

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EP2547892B1 (de) 2017-06-21
AT509691A1 (de) 2011-10-15
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