CN102817771A - 风力涡轮机叶片及将抗剪腹板组装至翼梁缘条的方法 - Google Patents

风力涡轮机叶片及将抗剪腹板组装至翼梁缘条的方法 Download PDF

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CN102817771A
CN102817771A CN2012101892581A CN201210189258A CN102817771A CN 102817771 A CN102817771 A CN 102817771A CN 2012101892581 A CN2012101892581 A CN 2012101892581A CN 201210189258 A CN201210189258 A CN 201210189258A CN 102817771 A CN102817771 A CN 102817771A
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flange
shear web
spar
spring
wind turbine
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CN102817771B (zh
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A.亚布罗夫
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LM Wind Power AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
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    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
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    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/63—Internally supporting the article during joining
    • B29C66/636—Internally supporting the article during joining using a support which remains in the joined object
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

风力涡轮机叶片具有上壳体构件和下壳体构件，相应的翼梁缘条构造在壳体构件的内部面上。抗剪腹板沿叶片的纵向长度在翼梁缘条之间延伸。连接组件构造在抗剪腹板的横向端部与翼梁缘条之间。连接组件包括弹簧凸缘构件，弹簧凸缘构件在抗剪腹板的相对的侧面处超过抗剪腹板的横向端部向远侧延伸，以形成侧向延伸的浮动部段。由于相对于翼梁缘条压紧弹簧凸缘，粘结膏剂层位于浮动部段与翼梁缘条之间以及抗剪腹板的横向端部与翼梁缘条之间。

Description

风力涡轮机叶片及将抗剪腹板组装至翼梁缘条的方法
技术领域
本发明总体涉及风力涡轮机领域，并且更具体地涉及风力涡轮机叶片内的抗剪腹板组件。
背景技术
涡轮机叶片是用于将风能转化成电能的风力涡轮机的主要元件。叶片具有的翼型的横截面外形在运行过程中使得流过叶片的空气在侧面之间产生压差。因此，从压力侧指向吸力侧的升力作用在叶片上。升力在主转子轴上产生转矩，该转矩被齿轮传动至发电机以用于产生电力。
涡轮机叶片通常包括沿叶片的后缘和前缘在粘结线处粘结在一起的吸力侧壳体和压力侧壳体。内部抗剪腹板在压力侧壳体构件与吸力侧壳体构件之间延伸并且粘结至翼梁缘条，翼梁缘条附着至壳体构件的内面。通过典型的叶片结构，刚性凸缘用于实现期望的粘合宽度以用于涂布在翼梁缘条与抗剪腹板的横向端部之间的粘结膏剂。但是，这个构造经常导致使用过量的粘结膏剂来实现粘结宽度。过量的膏剂导致叶片的不必要的重量并且会折断且导致风力涡轮机运行过程中的叶片“嘎嘎作响”(来自风力涡轮机所有者/操作者的常见投诉)。同样，典型结构中粘结膏剂的空隙率和不可预测的挤出会导致区域中粘结强度降低，从而尤其在不可能从叶片内修复的叶片部段中造成问题。
因此，工业上将由于抗剪腹板与翼梁缘条之间的改进的粘结构造而受益，该改进的粘结构造解决了某些传统构造的一个或多个缺陷。
发明内容
本发明的各个方面和优点将会在下文的描述中部分地阐述，或者是通过描述可以显而易见的，或者是可以通过实施本发明而学到。
根据本发明的各个方面，风力涡轮机叶片包括具有构造在其内部面上的翼梁缘条的上壳体构件和具有构造在其内部面上的翼梁缘条的下壳体构件。抗剪腹板沿叶片的纵向长度在翼梁缘条之间延伸。连接组件设置在抗剪腹板的横向端部与翼梁缘条之间。该连接组件包括弹簧凸缘构件，弹簧凸缘构件在抗剪腹板的相对的侧面处超过抗剪腹板的横向端部向远侧延伸，以形成侧向延伸的浮动部段。在某些实施例中，由于相对于翼梁缘条压紧弹簧凸缘，因此浮动部段在其与抗剪腹板侧面合并处可以具有弓形形状。由于相对于翼梁缘条压紧弹簧凸缘，粘结膏剂层在浮动部段与翼梁缘条之间延伸并且在抗剪腹板的横向端部与翼梁缘条之间延伸。在特定实施例中，粘结膏剂层在浮动部段和抗剪腹板的横向端部的下方可以是连续的。
弹簧凸缘可以通过各种方式构造。在特定实施例中，弹簧凸缘是在相对于翼梁缘条压紧弹簧凸缘之前附连至抗剪腹板的侧面的部件。例如，弹簧凸缘可以是附连至抗剪腹板的侧面的柔性板。
在另一个实施例中，弹簧凸缘可以由超过中心核心构件的抗剪腹板侧面的延伸部形成。例如，抗剪腹板可以具有涂布在中心核心构件上方的表皮(例如，层压层)，表皮的延伸部形成弹簧凸缘。
弹簧凸缘可以沿抗剪腹板的长度连续地或者间歇地延伸。
本发明还包括用于在风力涡轮机叶片中将抗剪腹板组装至翼梁缘条的各种方法实施例。一种这样的方法包括将弹簧凸缘构造在抗剪腹板的相对的侧面上，该弹簧凸缘具有向远侧延伸离开抗剪腹板的横向端部的柔性浮动部段。将粘结膏剂涂布在弹簧凸缘与附着至上壳体构件或下壳体构件的内部面的翼梁缘条之间。通过相对于翼梁缘条压紧弹簧凸缘使得浮动部段相对于翼梁缘条变平并且使粘结膏剂在浮动部段与翼梁缘条之间连续分布，将抗剪腹板的横向端部固定至翼梁缘条。
在特定方法中，在将抗剪腹板放置在翼梁缘条之间之前，弹簧凸缘是附连至抗剪腹板的相对的侧面的单独构件。在不同实施例中，弹簧凸缘由向远侧超过中心核心构件的抗剪腹板的侧面的延伸部形成。
在某些方法中，在相对于翼梁缘条压紧弹簧凸缘之前，粘结膏剂以测定量涂布至弹簧凸缘中的每一个。在其它方法中，粘结膏剂涂布至翼梁缘条并且通过相对于翼梁缘条压紧凸缘来分布。压紧的程度可以受到控制，使得粘结膏剂并不从浮动部段的下方移出。
参照下文的描述以及所附权利要求，本发明的这些和其它的特征、方面以及优点将得到更好的理解。结合在本说明书中并且构成本说明书一部分的附图显示了本发明的实施例并且与描述一起用于对本发明的原理进行解释。
附图说明
参照附图，说明书中阐述了面向本领域普通技术人员的本发明的完整公开，这种公开使得本领域普通技术人员能够实现本发明，包括本发明的最佳实施方式，其中：
图1是传统的风力涡轮机的透视图；
图2是传统的风力涡轮机叶片的透视图；
图3是结合本发明的各个方面的示例性风力涡轮机叶片的横截面图；
图4是根据本发明的实施例的抗剪腹板与翼梁缘条之间的连接组件的放大横截面部件视图；
图5是图4的实施例的放大横截面图；以及
图6是连接组件的备选实施例的放大横截面部件视图。
附图标记列表：
10    风力涡轮机         16    叶片
12    塔架               18    转子毂
14    机舱               20    上壳体构件
22    下壳体构件          48    弹簧凸缘构件
24    前缘                50    浮动部段
25    内部腔              52    端部
26    后缘                54    粘结膏剂
32    翼梁缘条            56    粘结膏剂层
40    连接组件            58    附连凸缘构件
42    抗剪腹板            60    侧面延伸部
44    侧面                62    核心构件
46    横向端部            64    表皮
具体实施方式
现在将详细地参照本发明的实施例，其中的一个或多个示例示于附图中。每个示例都以对发明进行解释的方式给出，并不对本发明构成限制。实际上，对于本领域技术人员而言显而易见的是，能够在不偏离本发明的范围和精神的情况下对本发明进行各种改型和变型。例如，作为一个实施例的一部分示出或进行描述的特征能够用于另一个实施例，从而产生又一个实施例。因此，本发明意欲包括落入所附权利要求及其等同形式的范围内的这些改型和变型。
图1示出了传统结构的风力涡轮机10。风力涡轮机10包括塔架12，塔架12上安装有机舱14。多个涡轮机叶片16安装至转子毂18，转子毂18接着连接至主凸缘，主凸缘使主转子轴转动。风力涡轮机发电部件和控制部件容纳在机舱14内。图1的视图仅用作说明目的，从而将本发明置于示例性的使用领域。应当理解，本发明并不限于任何特定类型的风力涡轮机构造。
图2是风力涡轮机叶片16的更详细的视图。叶片16包括上壳体构件20和下壳体构件22。上壳体构件20可以构造成叶片16的吸力侧表面，而下壳体构件22可以构造成叶片的压力侧表面。叶片16包括前缘24和后缘26，以及根部28和尖端部30。如本领域内众所周知的，上壳体构件20与下壳体构件22在前缘24和后缘26处结合在一起。叶片16包括内部腔25(图3)，各种结构构件(例如翼梁缘条32以及一个或多个抗剪腹板42)在内部腔25中如本领域内众所周知地构造并且不必在本文进行更详细的描述。
图3是结合了本发明的各个方面的风力涡轮机叶片16的横截面图。叶片16包括跨越上壳体构件20和下壳体构件22之间的一个或多个内部结构抗剪腹板42。具体而言，抗剪腹板42连接至结构翼梁缘条32，结构翼梁缘条32固定至壳体构件20、22的内部面。根据本发明的各个方面，如下文更加详细地描述的，改进的连接组件40设置在抗剪腹板42与翼梁缘条32的接口处。
图4和图5示出了连接组件40的实施例，其中弹簧凸缘构件48在抗剪腹板的相对的侧面44上超过抗剪腹板42的横向端部46向远侧延伸。这些弹簧凸缘构件48由具有适于风力涡轮机叶片的艰苦条件(rigors)和环境的性质的任何合适的易弯曲、柔性材料形成。例如，弹簧凸缘构件48可以由柔性玻璃/纤维网材料、层压或复合材料等形成。在图4的实施例中，弹簧凸缘构件48由粘附或者通过其它方式附连至抗剪腹板42的侧面44的单独的材料部件(例如层压板)形成。
仍然参照图4，弹簧凸缘构件48在其端部52和与抗剪腹板42的侧面44的附连点之间形成了浮动部段50。
图5示出了与翼梁缘条32处于其附连构造的图4的实施例。在这个特定实施例中，粘结膏剂层56被限定在浮动部段50与翼梁缘条32之间以及抗剪腹板42的横向端部46与翼梁缘条32之间。在相对于翼梁缘条32压紧弹簧凸缘48时，浮动部段50相对于抗剪腹板侧面44侧向向外伸展。因此，部段50在粘结膏剂54上从抗剪腹板侧面44侧向向外“浮动”，并且在与抗剪腹板侧面44合并的位置处具有弓形外形或形状。如图5特别示出的，浮动部段50的外形易于朝向弹簧凸缘构件48的端部52变平。
参照图5，应当理解，在压紧弹簧凸缘构件48时，弹簧凸缘构件48从抗剪腹板侧面44侧向移开的能力提供了抗剪腹板42的横向端部46与翼梁缘条32之间的有益程度的尺寸容差，如图5中的箭头所示。因此，将抗剪腹板42限定为具有额外尺寸以便横向端部46直接抵接翼梁缘条32并非是绝对必要的。柔性弹簧凸缘构件48用作容纳横向端部46与翼梁缘条32之间的至少某种程度的尺寸空间，并且同时相对于翼梁缘条32支承抗剪腹板42。
仍然参照图5，在压紧弹簧凸缘48时，粘结膏剂54(图4)伸展为浮动部段50和抗剪腹板42的横向端部46下方的大体连续的粘结膏剂层56。可以通过各种方式涂布粘结膏剂54。例如，在图4所示的实施例中，测定量的粘结膏剂54涂布在弹簧凸缘构件48中的每一个的下侧。在相对于翼梁缘条32压紧弹簧凸缘构件时，造成粘结膏剂54迁移并且伸展为如图5所示的均匀的粘结膏剂层56。优选地，测定量的粘结膏剂54和弹簧凸缘48的压紧程度受到控制，使得粘结膏剂54并不从弹簧凸缘48的下方移出，如图5所示。在一些粘结膏剂54的确从弹簧凸缘构件48的下方移出的情况下，能够易于在粘结膏剂固化之前除去过量的粘结膏剂。
在附图中未示出的备选实施例中，测定量的粘结膏剂54可以在抗剪腹板42的指定附连点处涂布于翼梁缘条32。在备选实施例中，粘结膏剂42可以涂布于翼梁缘条32并且涂布于弹簧凸缘构件48。
在图5中，粘结膏剂层56被示为相应的弹簧凸缘构件48的相对的端部52之间的连续层。应当理解，不连续的粘结膏剂层56也属于本发明的范围和精神内。例如，可能存在期望粘结膏剂层56中具有空间或空隙的情况(例如抗剪腹板42的横向端部46的下方)。由于弹簧凸缘构件48为抗剪腹板42与翼梁缘条32之间的粘结附连提供了相对较宽的粘结表面积足迹，因此相比传统构造，粘结膏剂层56中的空隙或空间更易被容许。
图6示出了连接组件40的备选实施例，其中弹簧凸缘构件48由抗剪腹板42的侧面材料的延伸部形成。具体而言，侧面延伸部60可以是包绕中心泡沫核心构件62的表皮材料64的远侧延伸部。例如，表皮64可以是设置成足够长度从而超过抗剪腹板的横向端部46向远侧延伸的双轴向纤维网或层压材料，如图6所示。因此，在这个实施例中，消除了弹簧凸缘构件48与抗剪腹板42的侧面之间的单独附连点。
本发明还包括用于在风力涡轮机叶片内将抗剪腹板42组装至翼梁缘条32的各种方法实施例，如上文大体讨论的。例如，在特定的方法实施例中，弹簧凸缘48构造在抗剪腹板42的相对的侧面44上，弹簧凸缘48具有向远侧延伸离开抗剪腹板42的横向端部46的柔性浮动部段50。粘结膏剂54涂布在弹簧凸缘48与翼梁缘条32之间，翼梁缘条32附着至风力涡轮机叶片的上壳体构件和下壳体构件的内部面。通过相对于翼梁缘条32压紧弹簧凸缘使得浮动部段50相对于翼梁缘条32变平并且使得粘结膏剂大体连续地分布在浮动部段50与翼梁缘条32之间，抗剪腹板42的横向端部46固定至翼梁缘条32，如上文所讨论的。
方法的实施例还包括在将抗剪腹板42放置在翼梁缘条32之间之前，将单独的材料弹簧凸缘48附连至抗剪腹板42的相对的侧面44。在备选实施例中，该方法可以包括将弹簧凸缘48构造成向远侧超过中心核心构件62的抗剪腹板42的侧面材料层的延伸部。
该方法可以进一步包括提供测定量的粘结膏剂并且将弹簧凸缘48压紧到不允许粘结膏剂在组装过程中从浮动部段50下方移出的程度。粘结膏剂54可以涂布至弹簧凸缘48的下侧、涂布至翼梁缘条32或者同时涂布在这两处位置。
本发明还包括风力涡轮机10(图1)的任何构造，其中叶片16中的至少一个构造成具有上文所讨论的本发明的独特优点。
尽管已经相对于具体示例性实施例及其方法对本发明进行了详细描述，但是在获得对上文的理解时，本领域技术人员应当理解，可以易于产生这些实施例的替换、变型和等同形式。因此，本公开的范围是通过示例而非通过限制的方式给出的，并且对本领域普通技术人员而言显而易见的是，本公开并不排除包括对本发明进行这些改型、变型和/或添加。

Claims (13)

1.一种风力涡轮机叶片，其包括：
上壳体构件，所述上壳体构件具有构造在其内部面上的翼梁缘条；
下壳体构件，所述下壳体构件具有构造在其内部面上的翼梁缘条；
抗剪腹板，所述抗剪腹板沿所述风力涡轮机叶片的纵向长度在所述翼梁缘条之间延伸；
连接组件，所述连接组件位于所述抗剪腹板的横向端部与所述翼梁缘条之间，所述连接组件进一步包括：
弹簧凸缘构件，所述弹簧凸缘构件在所述抗剪腹板的相对的侧面处超过所述抗剪腹板的所述横向端部向远侧延伸以形成侧向延伸的浮动部段；以及
粘结膏剂层，由于相对于所述翼梁缘条压紧所述弹簧凸缘，所述粘结膏剂层位于所述浮动部段与所述翼梁缘条之间以及所述抗剪腹板的所述横向端部与所述翼梁缘条之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机叶片，其中所述粘结膏剂层在所述浮动部段之间并且在所述抗剪腹板的所述横向端部下方连续地延伸。
3.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机叶片，其中所述弹簧凸缘是在相对于所述翼梁缘条压紧所述弹簧凸缘之前附连至所述抗剪腹板侧面的部件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机叶片，其中所述弹簧凸缘由超过中心核心构件的所述抗剪腹板侧面的延伸部形成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的风力涡轮机，其中所述弹簧凸缘沿所述抗剪腹板的长度连续地延伸。
6.一种用于在风力涡轮机叶片中将抗剪腹板组装至翼梁缘条的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
将弹簧凸缘构造在抗剪腹板的相对的侧面上，所述弹簧凸缘具有向远侧延伸离开所述抗剪腹板的所述横向端部的柔性浮动部段；
将粘结膏剂涂布在所述弹簧凸缘与附着至上壳体构件或下壳体构件的内部面的翼梁缘条之间；以及
通过相对于所述翼梁缘条压紧所述弹簧凸缘将所述抗剪腹板的所述横向端部固定至所述翼梁缘条上，使得所述浮动部段相对于所述翼梁缘条变平并且使所述粘结膏剂在所述浮动部段与翼梁缘条之间连续分布。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，包括在将所述抗剪腹板放置在所述翼梁缘条之间之前将所述弹簧凸缘附连至所述抗剪腹板的相对的侧面。
8.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述弹簧凸缘构造成向远侧超过中心核心构件的所述抗剪腹板的侧面的延伸部。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中在相对于所述翼梁缘条压紧所述弹簧凸缘之前以测定量将所述粘结膏剂涂布至所述弹簧凸缘中的每一个。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述粘结膏剂在所述浮动部段和所述抗剪腹板的横向端部下方以连续层分布。
11.根据权利要求7所述的方法，其中所述弹簧凸缘未被压紧到使所述粘结膏剂从所述浮动部段的下方移出的程度。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中在相对于所述翼梁缘条压紧所述浮动部段之前，所述粘结膏剂以测定量最初涂布至所述浮动部段中的每一个。
13.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中在相对于所述翼梁缘条压紧所述浮动部段之前，所述粘结膏剂以测定量最初涂布至所述翼梁缘条。
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US20120027610A1 (en) 2012-02-02
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