CN102816010B - Seed nursing fertilizer, method for preparing same and application of nursing fertilizer - Google Patents
Seed nursing fertilizer, method for preparing same and application of nursing fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN102816010B CN102816010B CN201210339551.1A CN201210339551A CN102816010B CN 102816010 B CN102816010 B CN 102816010B CN 201210339551 A CN201210339551 A CN 201210339551A CN 102816010 B CN102816010 B CN 102816010B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a seed nursing fertilizer, a method for preparing the same and an application of the nursing fertilizer. The nursing fertilizer comprises the components of coated urea with 4 months of controlled-release period, coated urea with 5 months of controlled-release period, coated potassium nitrate with 4 months of controlled-release period, coated diammonium hydrogen phosphate with 4 months of controlled-release period and compound microelements. Sodium silicate is used to enable powdery compound microelements to be adhered to coated fertilizer particles during the production. The seed nursing fertilizer is mixed with seeds to be sown at one time, so the spatial effectiveness of the fertilizer is improved, and the fertilizer utilization ratio is increased; and the seed nursing fertilizer is suitable for wheat, paddy, corn and other food crops which are grown in lands, and the effects of increasing production, increasing the efficacy and saving the fertilizer are realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of fertilizers, relate to a kind of seed nurse fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application.
Background technology
China has become maximum in the world chemical fertilizers production state and country of consumption, and chemical fertilizer annual production accounts for 30% of the whole world, and consumption accounts for 35% of the whole world.But China's chemical fertilizer utilization ratio is lower, research shows, China's chemical fertilizer this season utilization ratio is on average about 35%, far below the level of American-European countries 60～70%, the about fifty-five million ton/year of China's fertilizer consumption in 2009, and with 5% speed increase year by year, the loss waste of macronutrient not only brings huge financial loss to society, but also can cause serious environmental pollution.Along with the continuous increase of fertilizer amount, devote exclusive attention to output and lay equal stress on both quality and quantity at agricultural-food, and under the requirement of eco-friendly multiple target, be badly in need of a kind of materialization fertilizer product that integrates rational application of fertilizers, controlled-release technology.
China is large agricultural country and populous nation, the yield and quality of food crop directly affects China people's problem of food and clothing, most areas fertilizing method mainly relies on punching execute and spread fertilizer over the fields, need to repeatedly topdress, time-consuming, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, the leaching loss waste of a large amount of fertilizer, cause body of groundwater to pollute and widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, even cause air environmental pollution by denitrification.This has seriously run counter to China's " energy-saving and emission-reduction ", " low-carbon economy " policy.At present, the special sustained-controll-release fertilisers of crop such as existing paddy rice, corn and cotton emerge, the preliminary object that realizes joint fertilizer, synergy, environmental protection and saving of labor, but because existing slow-release or control-release fertilizer fertilising needs seed manure isolation, fertilizer dubious zone has been subject to certain limitation, the solution sowing that exactly seed and fertilizer is mixed.But because the budding phase is responsive especially to fertilizer, be very easy to burn seedling, so existing sustained-controll-release fertiliser cannot solve this difficult problem.
CN101870624A discloses special controlled release fertilizer for rice of a kind of applied once and preparation method thereof, and Controlled Release Fertilizer raw material consists of: sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide, sulphur adds the double-deck coated carbamide of high molecular polymer coated compound fertilizer, 6% thermoplastic and thermosetting, humic acid membrane wrapping composite fertilizer and zinc sulfate.Get all raw materials by formula and put into stirrer stirring and evenly mixing, metering, packaging.Controlled Release Fertilizer nutrient discharges with rice nutrient and absorbs and match, and can in the time that rice transplanting is grown seedlings, impose near seed, is beneficial to Root Absorption, improves utilization rate of fertilizer high.CN101823923A provides a kind of corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer, and material component is: sulphur adds high molecular polymer coated carbamide, sulphur and adds that high polymer film-coated Repone K, 4.5% thermoplastic add the double-deck coated carbamide of thermosetting, 5.0% thermoplastic adds the double-deck coated carbamide of thermosetting, diammonium phosphate, granule potassium chloride and zinc sulfate.This corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer is suitable for disposable machinery at seeding time to be used, and fertilizer is near apart from root system, and utilization ratio is high.
Above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art are, the one, for the special fertilizer of paddy rice, corn exploitation, on other crops, do not there is general generalization, the 2nd, formula uses the coated fertilizer of sulfur-bearing to be unfavorable for rice growth, research shows that sulphur is easy to generate hydrogen sulfide under flooding condition, causes rice root blackout.The 3rd, mechanical fertilization, seed and fertilizer are to realize seed manure with broadcasting by the different passages of machine, and general seed and fertilizer channel spacing 3-5cm, realized and having saved labor to a certain extent, improved utilization rate of fertilizer, but still unresolved seed and fertilizer mix disposable employed problem.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides a kind of seed nurse fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application.
Seed nurse fertilizer of the present invention is to mix disposable sowing with seed, improves the dubious zone of fertilizer, further improves utilization rate of fertilizer, reaches and increases production and improves productivity, saves fertile object, is applicable to the land for growing field crops food crop such as wheat, paddy rice, corn.
Term explanation:
Capsule for controlled release fertilizer urea of the present invention, coating saltpetre, coating diammonium phosphate refer to the Controlled Release Fertilizer that meets China's release and release control fertilizer industry standard (HG/T4215-2011, on July 1st, 2012 implements).
4 months controlled release phases, 5 months of described capsule for controlled release fertilizer urea, coating saltpetre, coating diammonium phosphate referred to according to the obtained controlled release phase of detection method in China's release and release control fertilizer industry standard (HG/T 4215-2011, on July 1st, 2012 implements).
Period nutrient release rate, refer to the nutrient release rate of section sometime, release and release control fertilizer industry standard HG/T 4215-2011 regulation release rate assay is by 1,3,7,14,28,56 ... sampling is carried out, the release rate of measuring for the 1st day is so exactly the period nutrient release rate of 0-1 days, the release rate of measuring for the 3rd day is exactly the period nutrient release rate of 1-3 days, the release rate of measuring for the 7th day is exactly the period nutrient release rate of 3-7 days, by that analogy.
Accumulation nutrient release rate, refers to the semi-invariant of multiple continuous period nutrient release rates.
Coated fertilizer of the present invention, refers to coated carbamide, the coated carbamide of 5 months controlled release phases of 4 months controlled release phases in feed composition, the coating saltpetre of 4 months controlled release phases, the coating diammonium phosphate of 4 months controlled release phases.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of seed nurse fertilizer, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Coated carbamide 400-500 part of 4 months controlled release phases,
Coated carbamide 50-100 part of 5 months controlled release phases,
Coating saltpetre 120-250 part of 4 months controlled release phases,
Coating diammonium phosphate 250-350 part of 4 months controlled release phases,
Composite trace element 3-8 part.
The coated carbamide of described 4 months controlled release phases, the coating saltpetre of 4 months controlled release phases are thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping fertilizer, and the coated carbamide of described 5 months controlled release phases, the coating diammonium phosphate of 4 months controlled release phases are thermohardening resin coated fertilizer.Market is on sale.
Preferred according to the present invention, described composite trace element contains two or more the combination in boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese, silicon.Described trace element materials is taking the inner complex of boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and organic siliceous fertilizer as preferably.
All raw materials are commercial product above.The consumption of described composite trace element calculates with micro-mass content.
Core core fertilizer in the coated carbamides of described 4 months controlled release phases, the coated carbamide of 5 months controlled release phases, the coating saltpetre of 4 months controlled release phases, the coating diammonium phosphate of 4 months controlled release phases is granular fertilizer, particle diameter 1.0-5.0mm.The coated carbamide of described 4 months controlled release phases, the coating saltpetre of 4 months controlled release phases adopt thermoplastic resin technique coating, the coated carbamide of described 5 months controlled release phases, the coating diammonium phosphate of 4 months controlled release phases adopt thermosetting resin technique coating, buy by Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd..
Preferred according to the present invention, a kind of seed nurse fertilizer, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
4 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 420-450 part,
5 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 60-80 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre 150-250 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate 280-330 part,
Composite trace element 3-5 part;
Described composite trace element consists of boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese, silicon.Further preferred chelating boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese and organic siliceous fertilizer.
Further preferred, a kind of seed nurse fertilizer, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
4 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 440-450 part,
5 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 60-65 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre 150-200 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate 300-320 part,
Composite trace element 3-5 part;
Described composite trace element consists of boron, zinc, molybdenum.Be specially adapted to corn.Boron, zinc, the molybdenum of further preferred chelating.
Further preferred, a kind of seed nurse fertilizer, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
4 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 430-440 part,
5 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 70-80 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre 200-230 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate 290-320 part,
Composite trace element 3-5 part;
Described composite trace element consists of boron, manganese, iron.Be specially adapted to wheat.Boron, manganese, the iron of further preferred chelating.
Further preferred, a kind of seed nurse fertilizer, parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
4 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 420-440 part,
5 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 70-80 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre 220-250 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate 280-300 part,
Composite trace element 3-5 part;
Described composite trace element consists of manganese, zinc, silicon.Be specially adapted to paddy rice.Manganese, zinc and organic siliceous fertilizer of further preferred chelating.
Further preferred according to the present invention, described raw material Controlled Release Fertilizer is as follows:
The coated carbamide of 4 months controlled release phases: heat convertible resin coating urea, film is heavily the mass ratio 4-6% of the fertile urea of core core;
The coated carbamide of 5 months controlled release phases: thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, film is heavily the mass ratio 5-7% of the fertile urea of core core;
The coating saltpetre of 4 months controlled release phases: thermohardening resin coated saltpetre, film is heavily the mass ratio 2-3% of the fertile saltpetre of core core;
The diammonium phosphate of 4 months controlled release phases: thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping diammonium phosphate, thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping accounts for the mass ratio 4-6% of the fertile diammonium phosphate of core core.
Above coating controlled-release fertilizer all can be buied by market, and Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. is on sale.
Above coating controlled-release fertilizer also can be prepared by prior art.For example: the coated carbamide of 4 months controlled release phases, preparation method is referring to CN101372437A (CN200810140079.2 heat convertible resin coating urea) embodiment 1, and difference is that coating rate is 4.5% heat convertible resin coating urea; The coated carbamide of 5 months controlled release phases, preparation is referring to CN1603288A (film-coated controlled release fertilizer that recovery thermoplastic resin is degradable membrane) embodiment 2, and the film that difference is is heavily 6% of Controlled Release Fertilizer; The coating saltpetre of 4 months controlled release phases: preparation is referring to CN101367684A (CN200810139692.2) embodiment 2, and difference is that coating rate is 3% coating saltpetre; The diammonium phosphate of 4 months controlled release phases: preparation is referring to CN1603288A (CN 200410035783.3) embodiment 3, and difference is that core core fertilizer is changed to diammonium phosphate.
A preparation method for seed nurse fertilizer, step is as follows:
(1) by proportioning, described raw material is delivered to stirrer, adds the abundant batch mixing of sodium silicate binder, powdery composite trace element is sticked on coated fertilizer particle, stirring and evenly mixing;
(2) the fertilizer metering, the packaging that mix are obtained to seed nurse fertilizer.
Preferably, measure, pack by every bag of 10kg by packing scale and obtain seed nurse fertilizer.
Because composite trace element is powdery, blending need to be used sodium silicate binder that powdery composite trace element is sticked on coated fertilizer particle while production, and preferred, seed nurse fertilizer sodium silicate binder usage quantity per ton is 0.5-1kg.
Composite trace element of the present invention can directly be bought the product mixing and use, and also can buy single trace element fertilizer and after combination on demand, use.
The application of seed nurse fertilizer of the present invention, after fertile seed nurse and seed are mixed, by manually using or using with seed sower machinery, seed nurse fertilizer and seed mix disposable seeding and fertilizing.
Wherein, better with seed sower machinery application effect.Seed nurse fertilizer of the present invention is specially adapted to the land for growing field crops food crop such as wheat, paddy rice, corn.For Different Crop, the fertile amount of application of seed nurse of the present invention is every mu and uses 8-12kg.
Technical characterstic of the present invention and excellent results:
Aqueous polymer coated technique is because coating layer is easily swelling in water, and nutrient controlled release properties is poor, a large amount of fertilizer nutrient strippings easily occurs and discharge and burn seedling phenomenon, so the present invention does not adopt aqueous polymer coated technique.Fertile thermoplastic resin or the thermosetting resin technique coating of adopting of seed nurse of the present invention, 28 days nutrients accumulation release rate≤15%, well adapt to the characteristic of crop young root in seedling stage to fertilizer sensitivity, ensure that fertilizer can not burn seedling in seedling stage, after approximately 42 days, fertilizer starts quick release, referring to Fig. 2-3 nutrients accumulation release profiles.Seed nurse fertilizer of the present invention passes through formula adjustment, the quick release period of its nutrient and crop are prosperous substantially identical for a long time, together with executing with crop seed because seed nurse is fertile again, fertilizer nutrient dubious zone improves greatly, and fertilizer is sowed together with seed, use conveniently, reached joint fertilizer, synergy, environmental protection and saving of labor's object.
Seed nurse of the present invention is fertile adopts fertilizer dissimilar and the different controlled release phases accurately composite according to crop demand, make seed nurse fertilizer, can meet the demand that crop seedling roots, because fertilizer is sowed together with seed, close contact, has improved utilization rate of fertilizer greatly; Composite trace element has met the demand of crop growth to trace elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, boron in addition, can improve crop yield, improves crop quality.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the fertile particle of seed nurse, wherein, and from outside to inside successively: 1, composite trace element, 2, coated with resin layer, 3, core slug particle fertilizer.
Fig. 2 is the nutrient release profiles of embodiment 1 seed nurse fertilizer, X-coordinate be time of releasing (my god), ordinate zou is nutrients accumulation release rate (%).
Fig. 3 is the nutrient release profiles of embodiment 2 seed nurse fertilizer, X-coordinate be time of releasing (my god), ordinate zou is nutrients accumulation release rate (%).
Fig. 4 is the nutrient release profiles of embodiment 3 seed nurse fertilizer, X-coordinate be time of releasing (my god), ordinate zou is nutrients accumulation release rate (%).
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but be not limited to this.Ratio described in embodiment is mass ratio, and described % is mass percent.The Controlled Release Fertilizer raw material of selecting in embodiment is described as follows:
The urea (44-0-0) of 4 months controlled release phases, heat convertible resin coating urea, resin molding accounts for 4.5% of urea quality;
5 months controlled release phases urea (43-0-0), thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping urea, resin molding accounts for 6% of urea quality;
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre (12-0-44), thermohardening resin coated saltpetre, resin molding accounts for 3% of saltpetre quality;
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate (16-44-0), thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping diammonium phosphate, coated with resin accounts for 5% of diammonium phosphate quality.
The percentage composition of nitrogen in this fertilizer of the numeral in above-mentioned bracket, phosphorus, potassium nutrition, wherein phosphorus, potassium nutrition content are respectively in Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide.This is that the routine of this area represents.
Above four kinds of Controlled Release Fertilizers, Shandong Kingenta Bio-engineering Stock Co., Ltd. produces and sells.
Chelating boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, the manganese of composition composite trace element are all buied from market.The chelating fertilizer of the biological company limited of Weifang Kang Feng various trace elements on sale.The silicon of composition composite trace element, is selected from organic siliceous fertilizer, and Zhong Keqirun bio-organic fertilizer factory of Shenzhou City is on sale.In described composite trace element, the mass ratio of each element is in micronutrient levels.
In embodiment, the nutrient release profiles of seed nurse fertilizer is to record according to the detection method in China's release and release control fertilizer industry standard (HG/T 4215-2011, on July 1st, 2012 implements).
Embodiment 1:
Seed nurse fertilizer (27-13-11), each component proportion is as follows:
Preparation method:
(1) above-mentioned raw materials is delivered to stirrer by proportioning by conveyor, adds the abundant batch mixing of sodium silicate binder 0.6kg, stirrer stirring and evenly mixing simultaneously;
(2) fertilizer proportioning being mixed is measured, packs by every bag of 10kg by packing scale and obtains seed nurse fertilizer.
The nutrient release profiles of the seed nurse fertilizer of embodiment 1 as shown in Figure 2.
Seed nurse fertilizer (29-15-6), each component proportion is as follows:
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The nutrient release profiles of the seed nurse fertilizer of embodiment 2 as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 3,
Seed nurse fertilizer (30-11-8), each component proportion is as follows:
Preparation method is with embodiment 1.
The nutrient release profiles of the seed nurse fertilizer of embodiment 3 as shown in Figure 4.
Claims (1)
1. a seed nurse fertilizer that mixes disposable sowing with seed, is characterized in that parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
Coated carbamide 400-500 part of 4 months controlled release phases,
Coated carbamide 50-100 part of 5 months controlled release phases,
Coating saltpetre 120-250 part of 4 months controlled release phases,
Coating diammonium phosphate 250-350 part of 4 months controlled release phases,
Composite trace element 3-8 part;
The coated carbamide of described 4 months controlled release phases, the coating saltpetre of 4 months controlled release phases are thermoplastic resin membrane wrapping fertilizer, and the coated carbamide of described 5 months controlled release phases, the coating diammonium phosphate of 4 months controlled release phases are thermohardening resin coated fertilizer;
Described composite trace element contains two or more the combination in boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese, silicon.
2
.seed nurse fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
4 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 420-450 part,
5 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 60-80 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre 150-250 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate 280-330 part,
Composite trace element 3-5 part;
Described composite trace element consists of boron, zinc, molybdenum, iron, manganese, silicon.
3
.seed nurse fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
4 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 440-450 part,
5 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 60-65 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre 150-200 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate 300-320 part,
Composite trace element 3-5 part;
Described composite trace element consists of boron, zinc and molybdenum; Be specially adapted to corn.
4
.seed nurse fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
4 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 430-440 part,
5 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 70-80 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre 200-230 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate 290-320 part,
Composite trace element 3-5 part;
Described composite trace element consists of boron, manganese and iron; Be specially adapted to wheat.
5
.seed nurse fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that parts by weight of raw materials is composed as follows:
4 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 420-440 part,
5 months controlled release phases coated carbamide 70-80 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating saltpetre 220-250 part,
4 months controlled release phases coating diammonium phosphate 280-300 part,
Composite trace element 3-5 part;
Described composite trace element consists of manganese, zinc, silicon; Be specially adapted to paddy rice.
6
.the preparation method of seed nurse fertilizer described in claim 1 ~ 5 any one, step is as follows:
(1) by proportioning, described raw material is delivered to stirrer, adds the abundant batch mixing of sodium silicate binder, powdery composite trace element is sticked on coated fertilizer particle, stirring and evenly mixing;
(2) the fertilizer metering, the packaging that mix are obtained to seed nurse fertilizer.
7
.the application of seed nurse fertilizer described in claim 1 ~ 5 any one, after fertile seed nurse and seed are mixed, by manually using or using with seed sower machinery, seed nurse fertilizer and seed mix disposable seeding and fertilizing.
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| US11864555B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2024-01-09 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Soil application of crop protection agents |
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| CN103172435B (en) * | 2012-12-27 | 2014-12-10 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Controlled-release fertilizer for wax-apple trees and method for preparing same |
| CN103467216A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2013-12-25 | 吉林市金穗肥业有限公司 | Novel high-efficiency controlled-release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN104892140A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2015-09-09 | 宁夏荣和绿色科技有限公司 | Special controlled-release fertilizer for tomatoes in Ningxia region and preparation method thereof |
| AU2017238123A1 (en) * | 2016-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Agricultural systems, compositions and methods for increasing crop yield |
| CN110759779A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-02-07 | 泰州枫彩缓释肥料有限公司 | Multi-nutrient slow-release fertilizer for industrial hemp planting |
| CN113248307A (en) * | 2021-05-19 | 2021-08-13 | 南京农业大学 | Slow-mixing fertilizer suitable for direct seeding of rice machine |
| CN114736069B (en) * | 2022-04-11 | 2023-07-07 | 江西师范大学 | Accurate controlled release micro-fertilizer and application thereof |
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| CN100463887C (en) * | 2008-02-25 | 2009-02-25 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Special control-release fertilizer for rape and preparation method thereof |
| CN101367683A (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2009-02-18 | 吕庆淮 | Mixed type sustained and controlled release chemical fertilizer |
| CN101792356B (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-03-30 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Synchronous nutrient wheat special controlled release fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN101823923B (en) * | 2010-04-29 | 2011-03-30 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Seed-friendly corn-specific controlled-release fertilizer |
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| US11864555B2 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2024-01-09 | Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. | Soil application of crop protection agents |
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