Wheat special controlled release fertilizer of a kind of synchronous nutrient and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wheat special controlled release fertilizer, wheat special controlled release fertilizer and the preparation method thereof that mechanical fertilization, nutrition release and wheat nutrition absorption are synchronous carried out, is applicable in particularly a kind of and sowing simultaneously, belongs to the release and release control fertilizer production technical field.
Background technology
Wheat is one of staple food crop of China, and still, the wheat planting benefit is low, and the peasant is unwilling to drop into too much labour and time, realizes that wheat cultivation and disposable the finishing of fertilising are the developing direction of wheat fertilizing.At present, the fertilizer that wheat is used is based on the quick-acting chemical fertilizer, and this fertilizer is because dissolving is fast, fertilizer efficiency is short, easily run off, can not single fertilization, more can not use with sowing.Controlled release fertilizer can solve wheat single fertilization problem, a kind of " sulphur, resin film coated wheat special-purpose control-release fertilizer and manufacture method thereof " disclosed as Chinese patent file CN101182260A (200710114006.1), the fertile method of the serial controlled release that utilizes sulphur, resin coating material to produce by composite production wheat special controlled release fertilizer, but also there is deficiency in it, sulphur easy oxidized becoming fragile in air for example, in the nutrient dispose procedure breaking of putamina can be taken place, cause the unexpected release of nutrient in the film etc.The patent of invention CN 100567222C that authorizes on December 9th, 2009 " reclaims the production method of thermoplastic resin and thermoset multi-layer composite coated controlled-release fertilizer " and has realized coated fertilizer toughness and elastic perfect adaptation, and the controlled release properties and the nutrient release that have solved fertilizer are influenced and the problem of big ups and downs by production environment.But this technology can only be produced universal slow-release or control-release fertilizer, also has certain gap at wheat.
At present, the controlled release phase of wheat controlled release fertilizer selects also to exist bigger blindness, and it is tentatively definite with the readily avaiable fertilizer to be that the effect of increasing production (or utilization rate of fertilizer) of contrast controlled release fertilizer waits usually, and the online detection of this method and controlled release fertilizer suitability for industrialized production can't quantitatively be got in touch.China's slow-release or control-release fertilizer production standard regulation begins to represent to the required time of nutrient cumulative release rate that reaches 80% with lixiviate in 25 ℃ of hydrostatic the time of releasing of slow controlled release nutrients.This method for expressing is produced significant to the standard slow-release or control-release fertilizer, still, the environment of wheat growth is a soil, and its temperature and moisture have bigger variation, and temperature and moisture are two principal elements that influences release of controlled release fertilizer nutrient.Therefore, determine that with the controlled release phase and the wheat growth phase of slow-release or control-release fertilizer production standard regulation using of controlled release fertilizer can have than big gap with production is actual.
Summary of the invention
At the deficiencies in the prior art, the invention provides wheat special controlled release fertilizer of a kind of synchronous nutrient and preparation method thereof, utilize to reclaim the double-deck coating controlled-release fertilizer of waste thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin carry out composite, the wheat special controlled release fertilizer that makes be applicable to utilize seed sower, machinery is used when wheat cultivation.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
Wheat special controlled release fertilizer, the material component mass parts is as follows:
1~3 part of 3.2% double-deck coated carbamide
3~5 parts of 3.5% double-deck coated carbamides
4~6 parts of 3.8% double-deck coated carbamides
9~12 parts of 4.1% double-deck coated carbamides
7~12 parts of 4.4% double-deck coated carbamides
4~7 parts of 4.7% double-deck coated carbamides
2~5 parts of 5.0% double-deck coated carbamides
20~25 parts in 4.1% double-deck coating saltpetre
14~20 parts of 3.5% double-deck coating diammonium phosphate
15~25 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers
1~2.0 part in zinc sulfate.
Described Repone K composite fertilizer, nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide content are respectively 15wt%, 15wt%, 15wt%, are the commercially available prod, zinc sulfate is the commercially available prod.The double-deck coated carbamide of all the other raw materials, double-deck coating saltpetre, double-deck coating diammonium phosphate are pressed the preparation of CN100567222C (200710114124.2) method, and the percentage ratio in the material name accounts for the per-cent of core fertilizer weight for the duplicature total amount of material.
Further preferred, wheat special controlled release fertilizer, the material component mass parts is as follows:
1.5~2.5 parts of 3.2% double-deck coated carbamides
3.5~4.5 parts of 3.5% double-deck coated carbamides
4.5~5.5 parts of 3.8% double-deck coated carbamides
9~11 parts of 4.1% double-deck coated carbamides
9~11 parts of 4.4% double-deck coated carbamides
5.5~6.5 parts of 4.7% double-deck coated carbamides
3.5~4.5 parts of 5.0% double-deck coated carbamides
21~23 parts in 4.1% double-deck coating saltpetre
14~16 parts of 3.5% double-deck coating diammonium phosphate
19~21 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers
1.4~1.6 parts in zinc sulfate.
The preparation method of the wheat special controlled release fertilizer of the invention described above, step is as follows:
(1) preparation of raw material, wherein the raw material consumption is mass parts:
A, reclaiming polyvinyl resins with 3 parts, to be dissolved in 50 parts of n-butyl acetates and pentyl acetate mass ratio be in 2: 1 the mixed solvent, add totally 0.8 part of diatomite, wheat-flour and rubber powder, wherein diatomite, wheat-flour and rubber powder mass ratio are 1: 1: 1, are mixed with the agent of inner layer film coating.
B, with 0.3 part of polyurethane(s), 0.1 part of tolylene diisocyanate, 0.1 part of mixing of ethyl acetate, be mixed with the agent of outer membrane coating.
C, divide each 100 parts of granular ureas that take by weighing 2~4 millimeters of diameters for 7 times, wrap the inner layer film coating agent that the above-mentioned A of one deck makes earlier by prior art respectively, the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is respectively 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, 2.4%, 2.7%, 3.0%.Wrap the outer membrane coating agent that the above-mentioned B of one deck makes again, the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer all is 2.0%.The two membranes total amount of material accounts for 3.2%, 3.5%, 3.8%, 4.1%, 4.4%, 4.7%, 5.0% of core fertilizer weight, promptly get 3.2% double-deck coated carbamide, 3.5% double-deck coated carbamide, 3.8% double-deck coated carbamide, 4.1% double-deck coated carbamide, 4.4% double-deck coated carbamide, 4.7% double-deck coated carbamide, 5.0% double-deck coated carbamide.
D, take by weighing the particle saltpetre of diameter 2-4 millimeter, wrap the inner layer film coating agent that the above-mentioned A of one deck makes earlier, the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is 2.1%, wraps the outer membrane coating agent that the above-mentioned B of one deck makes again, and the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is 2.0%.The two membranes total amount of material accounts for 4.1% of core fertilizer weight.
E, take by weighing the particle diammonium phosphate of diameter 2-4 millimeter, wrap the inner layer film coating agent that the above-mentioned A of one deck makes earlier, the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is 1.5%, wraps the outer membrane coating agent that the above-mentioned B of one deck makes again, and the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is 2.0%.The two membranes total amount of material accounts for 3.5% of core fertilizer weight.
(2) get 3.2% double-deck coated carbamide, 3.5% double-deck coated carbamide, 3.8% double-deck coated carbamide, 4.1% double-deck coated carbamide, 4.4% double-deck coated carbamide, 4.7% double-deck coated carbamide, 5.0% double-deck coated carbamide, 4.1% double-deck coating saltpetre, 3.5% double-deck coating diammonium phosphate by prescription, add Repone K composite fertilizer and zinc sulfate again.All raw materials are put into stirrer stirred 5~10 minutes, abundant mixing, with the fertilizer that mixes send into metering, wrapping machine measures, packs.
Wheat special controlled release fertilizer of the present invention is the prescription of the nutrient release conditions of controlled release fertilizer in soil of nutrient demand rule and different membrane wrapping thicknesses being formulated according to wheat.
The consumption of wheat special controlled release fertilizer of the present invention and fertilizing method: consumption is generally 25~35 kilograms every mu, also can local peasant habit rate of fertilizer application do reference, and its consumption is the 50-60% of common chemical fertilizer.Fertilizing method is to utilize sowing, fertilising integrated machine to finish.The fertilizer application position can be in seed one side, also can be below seed.Preferred 2~3cm below seed.
Excellent results of the present invention is as follows:
1. do not endanger seed
Release and release control fertilizer of the present invention is for reclaiming the double-deck coating of thermoplastic resin and thermosetting resin, two kinds of coated fertilizers are non-water soluble substance, can not change the nutrient release performance because of the variation of soil moisture, simultaneously, this special-purpose control-release fertilizer has been brought into play the advantage of two class coated fertilizers, realized toughness and elastic perfect adaptation, also can be even if directly contact to seed generation harm with seed.This fertilizer is also referred to as seed nurse fertilizer.
2. synchronous nutrient, controlled release fertilizer nutrient discharge to absorb with wheat and match
Wheat special controlled release fertilizer of the present invention is that controlled release fertilizer according to the different membrane wrapping thicknesses nutrient element releasing rule and the wheat of (rather than on the common meaning 25 ℃ water in) in soil need combine formulated to nutrient absorbing, the field practical situation that its controlled release fertilizer of determining with fertilizer releasing period in 25 ℃ of Static Water commonly used is more pressed close to wheat growth, therefore, the nutrient of controlled release fertilizer discharges with the nutrition absorption of wheat more identical.
3. fertilizer is near apart from root system, the utilization ratio height
This special-purpose control-release fertilizer can be executed near seed, neither can damage seed, is beneficial to root system again and absorbs, and has greatly improved utilization rate of fertilizer.According to the study, compare, can improve nearly 1 times of utilization rate of fertilizer with the normal conventional fertilising.
4. use conveniently, save labor
This special-purpose control-release fertilizer can utilize machinery to finish with wheat cultivation is disposable because coating is even, and appearance character is good, has avoided manually spreading fertilizer over the fields fertilizer, greatly reduces peasant's labour intensity, has saved the recruitment cost, has improved economic benefit.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1: wheat special controlled release fertilizer, and the feed composition mass parts is as follows:
2 parts of 3.2% double-deck coated carbamides
4 parts of 3.5% double-deck coated carbamides
5 parts of 3.8% double-deck coated carbamides
10 parts of 4.1% double-deck coated carbamides
10 parts of 4.4% double-deck coated carbamides
6 parts of 4.7% double-deck coated carbamides
4 parts of 5.0% double-deck coated carbamides
22 parts in 4.1% double-deck coating saltpetre
15 parts of 3.5% double-deck coating diammonium phosphate
20 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers
1.5 parts in zinc sulfate.
(1) series raw material preparation:
A, reclaiming polyvinyl resins with 3 kilograms, to be dissolved in 100 kilograms of n-butyl acetates and pentyl acetate ratio be in 2: 1 mixed solvents, adds totally 0.8 kilogram of diatomite, wheat-flour and rubber powder 1: 1: 1, is mixed with the agent of inner layer film coating.
B, with 0.3 kilogram of polyurethane(s), 0.1 kilogram of tolylene diisocyanate, 0.1 kilogram of mixing of ethyl acetate, be mixed with the agent of outer membrane coating.
C, take by weighing each 100 kilograms of the granular ureas of 7 parts of diameter 2-4 millimeters respectively, by the prior art above-mentioned A coating of bag one deck agent earlier, mould material accounts for 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2.1%, 2.4%, 2.7%, 3.0% of by weight of fertilizer respectively.Wrap the agent of the above-mentioned B coating of one deck again, the ratio that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer all is 2.0%.The two membranes total amount of material accounts for 3.2%, 3.5%, 3.8%, 4.1%, 4.4%, 4.7%, 5.0% of core fertilizer weight.
D, take by weighing the particle saltpetre of diameter 2-4 millimeter, wrap the inner layer film coating agent that the above-mentioned A of one deck makes earlier, the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is 2.1%, wraps the outer membrane coating agent that the above-mentioned B of one deck makes again, and the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is 2.0%.The two membranes total amount of material accounts for 4.1% of core fertilizer weight.
E, take by weighing the particle diammonium phosphate of diameter 2-4 millimeter, wrap the inner layer film coating agent that the above-mentioned A of one deck makes earlier, the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is 1.5%, wraps the outer membrane coating agent that the above-mentioned B of one deck makes again, and the per-cent that mould material accounts for by weight of fertilizer is 2.0%.The two membranes total amount of material accounts for 3.5% of core fertilizer weight.
(2) get 2 parts of 3.2% double-deck coated carbamides, 4 parts of 3.5% double-deck coated carbamides, 5 parts of 3.8% double-deck coated carbamides, 10 parts of 4.1% double-deck coated carbamides, 10 parts of 4.4% double-deck coated carbamides, 6 parts of 4.7% double-deck coated carbamides, 4 parts of 5.0% double-deck coated carbamides, 22 parts in 4.1% double-deck coating saltpetre, 3.5% 15 parts of double-deck coating diammonium phosphate, 20 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers, 1.5 parts in zinc sulfate by prescription, all raw materials are put into stirrer to be stirred 5~10 minutes, abundant mixing, with the fertilizer that mixes send into metering, wrapping machine measures, packs.
Embodiment 2: wheat special controlled release fertilizer, and the feed composition mass parts is as follows:
3 parts of 3.2% double-deck coated carbamides
5 parts of 3.5% double-deck coated carbamides
6 parts of 3.8% double-deck coated carbamides
9 parts of 4.1% double-deck coated carbamides
12 parts of 4.4% double-deck coated carbamides
5 parts of 4.7% double-deck coated carbamides
5 parts of 5.0% double-deck coated carbamides
20 parts in 4.1% double-deck coating saltpetre
18 parts of 3.5% double-deck coating diammonium phosphate
15 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers
2 parts in zinc sulfate.
The preparation of raw material method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3: wheat special controlled release fertilizer, and the feed composition mass parts is as follows:
1 part of 3.2% double-deck coated carbamide
3 parts of 3.5% double-deck coated carbamides
4 parts of 3.8% double-deck coated carbamides
12 parts of 4.1% double-deck coated carbamides
8 parts of 4.4% double-deck coated carbamides
4 parts of 4.7% double-deck coated carbamides
2 parts of 5.0% double-deck coated carbamides
24 parts in 4.1% double-deck coating saltpetre
16 parts of 3.5% double-deck coating diammonium phosphate
25 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers
1 part in zinc sulfate.
The preparation of raw material method is with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4: wheat special controlled release fertilizer, and the feed composition mass parts is as follows:
3 parts of 3.2% double-deck coated carbamides
4 parts of 3.5% double-deck coated carbamides
4 parts of 3.8% double-deck coated carbamides
11 parts of 4.1% double-deck coated carbamides
7 parts of 4.4% double-deck coated carbamides
4 parts of 4.7% double-deck coated carbamides
3 parts of 5.0% double-deck coated carbamides
25 parts in 4.1% double-deck coating saltpetre
20 parts of 3.5% double-deck coating diammonium phosphate
18 parts of Repone K composite fertilizers
1.5 parts in zinc sulfate.
The preparation of raw material method is with embodiment 1.
Comparative Examples:
Common Repone K composite fertilizer (nitrogen, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES, potassium oxide content are respectively 15%, 15%, 15%), urea (nitrogen content 46%).
The effect of above embodiment 1~4 and Comparative Examples is as follows:
Test site: Henan Zhumadian, Ningjin County, Hebei, Huantai County, Shandong, Yucheng, Shandong county.
Test period: 2008 and 2009 are continuous 2 years.For the examination wheat breed is No. 22, Jimai.
4 kinds of fertilizer of embodiment 1-4 are all used in each test point, and are contrast with Comparative Examples fertilizer.The embodiment fertilizer amount is 50% of a Comparative Examples.The Comparative Examples fertilizer amount determines that by local peasant habit consumption its fertilizing method is the peasant habit method, and promptly 40% of Repone K composite fertilizer and urea total amount spreads fertilizer over the fields before ploughing in soil surface, and rotary tillage is buried then, and remaining urea imposes at wheat during jointing stage.Whole controlled release special fertilizers are to utilize seed sower to use simultaneously when wheat cultivation among the embodiment, fertilizer application position 2~3cm below seed.Effect sees Table 1.
Table 1
|
Utilization rate of fertilizer improves (%) |
Save labour cost (unit/mu) |
Yield-increasing efficiency (%) |
1 meter soil body reduces nitric nitrogen and pollutes (%) |
Embodiment 1 |
103.6 |
60 |
5.2 |
90.1 |
Embodiment 2 |
94.5 |
60 |
3.3 |
85.4 |
Embodiment 3 |
87.2 |
60 |
2.5 |
87.8 |
Embodiment 4 |
95.1 |
60 |
3.2 |
82.6 |
Comparative Examples |
- |
- |
- |
- |