CN102804984A - Novel apple bag sheathing breeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a novel apple bag sheathing breeding method. In the novel apple bag sheathing breeding, artificial fruit thinning is started from the seventh day to the tenth day after the flower falling and is completed in one month after the flower falling, sterilization insecticide and calcium fertilizers are precisely sprayed once 2 to 3 days before the bag sheathing, fruits are used as focal points, the atomization degree is high, and the spraying is carried out again in case of rain after sterilization insecticide and calcium fertilizer spraying. The prevention and treatment of ring spot, brown spot and calcium deficiency diseases are used as the focal points in the bag sheathing period, after the bag sheathing completion in early and middle June, 1:2:200-400 Bordeaux mixture is sprayed once on trees, the obvious prevention and treatment effects are realized on diseases of early leaf defoliation diseases, ring spot and the like. The fruit bag sheathing period is just the young fruit development period, good fertilizer and water management is favorable for the young fruit development, the fruit size is increased, and meanwhile, the occurrence of fruit sunscald can also be prevented and reduced. After the flower falling, urea is fertilized in time for trees with great flower quantity, great fruiting quantity and weak tree conditions. The general fertilization is carried out once in late May to early and middle June, composite fertilizers comprising 15 percent of nitrogen, 15 percent of phosphorus and 15 percent of potassium are applied, and the fertilization quantity for each Mu of land is 50 to 75kg. Meanwhile, leaf fertilizers such as 0.3-percent urea, amino acid micro element fertilizers and the like are added through being combined with the insecticide spraying.

Description

A kind of mating system of novel Apple Bags

Technical field

The invention belongs to the fruits and vegetables field, be specifically related to a kind of mating system of novel Apple Bags.

Background technology

The Along with people's growth in the living standard ,People turn to high-quality and nuisancelessization (being so-called green fruit) to the requirement of fruit, and commercially available nuisanceless fruit price is apparently higher than common fruit, and the production of nuisanceless fruit depends on whether use the fruit bag technology

Fruit bag is under the prerequisite that does not influence, do not damage fruit normal growth and maturation; Not only isolating agricultural chemicals and environmental pollution makes fruit nuisanceless; And make mature fruit any surface finish, lovely luster through the effect of isolating damage by disease and insect and dust, improved the fruit class, remarkable benefit.Popular says, fruit bag is exactly the coat of fruit, also is diaphragm.Fruit bag is generally processed by two kinds of materials of made of paper and PE (plastic film), and marsupial shape and netted also is not quite similar according to its size of different fruit and specification, and color is the colour of loess also, and is light brown in the majority.

The maximum benefit of fruit bag is to improve exterior quality and reduce residue of pesticide, improve the exterior quality outstanding behaviours any surface finish and painted comprehensively on, such as apple, the painted top of bagging is not with regard to 2/3 yet, bagging after stain area then can reach more than 99%.The improvement of exterior quality and the reduction of residue of pesticide are essential condition that China's fruit is able to squeeze into the international market; Particularly China is about to accession to WTO; Domestic fruit is superfluous relatively, and foreign fancy fruit is also getting into China successively, and fruit bag is the necessary supplementary measures that my fruit already develops.

The effect of fruit bag at later stages, its mechanism is: nearly all fruit all can receive the invasion and attack of birds, the harm of damage by disease and insect and the damage of wind and rain sunlight near in ripe, thereby causes the minimizing of results or the difference of quality; To this situation, traditional approach is to spray insecticide, not only weak effect; But also caused pollution to natural environment; Endanger human beings'health, even so, still had the fruit about 30% before results, to incur loss.Fruit bag has then solved these puzzlements, because the fruit in bagging can not receive the infringement of birds, can not receive the infection of fruit bat bacterium; In process of growth, can not avoided the direct irradiation of sunlight, more because the gas permeability of bagging itself can produce indivedual greenhouse effect by the branch scratch; Make fruit keep suitable humidity, temperature, improve the sugariness of fruit, improve the gloss of fruit; Increase the output of fruit, and shorten its growth stage.Owing to do not need applying pesticides in the process of growth, it is high-quality and nuisanceless that fruit is had, and meets international standards simultaneously.

Summary of the invention

One, fruit thinning

The beginning in 7～10 days behind the fallen flowers of artificial fruit thinning is accomplished in one month behind fallen flowers.The kind that bloom early, fruit-setting rate is high and rich water quality management is poor, sick hinder serious, bear fruit many, tree vigo(u)r is more weak can early dredge; The tree that kind late, that fruit-setting rate is low, physiological fallen fruit is heavy and the result of blooming is few is suitably dredged evening.The center fruit that the fruit shape of should selecting and remain during fruit thinning is rectified, long fruit branch and the fruit top fruit of growth downwards in staying is dredged and removes fruitlet, sick wormed fruit, tip of a branch fruit, malformed fruit and carpopodium is short and small and the fruit of growth upwards more.General per 40～60 leaves of red Fuji apple tree stay a fruit or whenever stay 1 single fruit at a distance from 20～25 centimetres, and mu stays really and measures 1～1.2 ten thousand, and per mu yield is controlled at 2000～2500 kilograms.

Two, fruit bagging

1, light, the loud, high-pitched sound in Tianjin, mid-early maturity kind such as No. eight, U.S. can be behind fallen flowers 10～15 days baggings.15～20 days beginning baggings behind the red fuji apple fallen flowers, the preceding bagging of early and middle ten days in June is accomplished.Red fuji apple is carried out a complete set of bag cultivating, the method that can adopt paper bag to combine with the plastic film bag.Tree crown middle part illumination is overlapped paper bag than benefit, top, lower floor and outer race plastic film bag.Also can overlap plastic film earlier and overlap paper bag again to improve fruit quality, method is that fruit cover plastic film bag overlaps the double-deck paper bag of low price again after 10～15 days, and general the grasp accomplished before the cover paper bag works in early July.

2, bagging sterilization and disinfestation medicament of careful spray in preceding 2～3 days and calcareous fertilisers are attached most importance to fruit, and it is high that fogging degree is wanted, and meet rain behind the spray medicine and respray.Attach most importance to prevent and treat ring spot, brown spot and calcium deficiency disease during the bagging; Types of medicines, number of times are looked weather conditions and are decided; General time medication 3～4 times, spray amino acid calcareous fertilisers 2～3 times are when rainfall is relatively more frequent; Adding systemic fungicide, is main with pure powder thiophanate methyl, carbendazim, octicin solution etc.Rainfall can be sprayed the upright protective fungicide such as go out of big life, bacterium more after a little while.Noting pest control simultaneously, serves as the control emphasis with insect pests such as cotton bollworm, green plant bug, aphid, leaf miner, leaf rollers, can select chrysanthemum ester class, Le Siben, Imidacloprid for use, medicaments such as No. 3, young urea, acetamiprid go out.After June, the early and middle ten days bagging was accomplished, spray one time 1: 2: 200～240 bordeaux mixture had remarkable prevention effect to diseases such as early defoliation disease, ring spots on the tree.

Three, rich water quality management

On the occasion of the young fruit development phase, good rich water quality management helps young fruit development, the increase fruit is individual, the generation that also can prevent and alleviate the fruit sunscald simultaneously during the fruit bagging.Tree a little less than big to flower amount behind the fallen flowers, many, the tree vigo(u)r of bearing fruit in time imposes urea.Late May to June, early and middle ten days was generally executed disposable fertilizer, imposed each composite fertilizer of 15% of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, 50～75 kilograms of every mu of fertilizing amount.Simultaneously, add foliage fertilizer in conjunction with the spray medicine, like 0.3% urea, the little fertilizer of amino acid etc.

Claims (5)

1. in the breeding of novel Apple Bags, bagging is generally processed by two kinds of materials of made of paper and PE (plastic film), and marsupial shape and netted also is not quite similar according to its size of different fruit and specification, and color is the colour of loess also, and is light brown in the majority.

2. according to the beginning in 7～10 days behind the fallen flowers of the said artificial fruit thinning of breeding of the novel Apple Bags of claim 1, behind fallen flowers, accomplish in one month

3. breeding of novel Apple Bags according to claim 2 also can be overlapped plastic film earlier and overlapped paper bag again to improve fruit quality, and method is that fruit cover plastic film bag overlaps the double-deck paper bag of low price again after 10～15 days, and the general cover paper bag of grasping works in completion before early July.

4. breeding after June, the early and middle ten days bagging was accomplished of novel Apple Bags according to claim 3 sprayed one time 1: 2: 200～240 bordeaux mixture on the tree, and diseases such as early defoliation disease, ring spot are had remarkable prevention effect.

5. according to claim 4.Novel Apple Bags breed early and middle ten days in late May to June, generally execute disposable fertilizer, impose nitrogen, phosphorus, each composite fertilizer of 15% of potassium, 50～75 kilograms of every mu of fertilizing amount.Simultaneously, add foliage fertilizer in conjunction with the spray medicine, like 0.3% urea, the little fertilizer of amino acid etc.