CN102788498B - 球形熔池多用途倾动炉及其制造方法 - Google Patents

球形熔池多用途倾动炉及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN102788498B
CN102788498B CN201210322918.9A CN201210322918A CN102788498B CN 102788498 B CN102788498 B CN 102788498B CN 201210322918 A CN201210322918 A CN 201210322918A CN 102788498 B CN102788498 B CN 102788498B
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石宏娇
石仁章
梁金凤
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Leiyang Yanxin Non Ferrous Metals Co ltd
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Abstract

一种球形熔池多用途倾动炉,其炉体固定在炉底梁框上,该炉底梁框一端与基座铰链连接,另一端通过液压油缸与基座连接;该炉体包括炉体外壳,在炉体外壳的内部设有炉底捣打层,在炉底捣打层的上面砌筑半球形熔池,在对应基座铰链的炉体外壳一侧上部,设置水套炉口与半球形熔池相通;炉盖包括炉盖外壳,炉盖外壳的底部砌筑环形拱角砖,在环形拱角砖上砌筑球冠形炉拱顶,在球冠形炉拱顶的中央部位设置喷火烧咀与炉体内部熔池相通,且在球冠形拱顶上浇筑炉顶保温层;炉盖和炉体用弹性联接螺栓连接,并在对应炉体的水套炉口上方设置烟气罩,在烟气罩的一侧设置侧烟气管,侧烟气管另一头伸到基座铰链的轴心线位置,通过一直角弯头与外烟气管套接。

Description

球形熔池多用途倾动炉及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于有色金属冶炼的铅锑合金精炼炉,特别是一种球形熔池多用途倾动炉。
背景技术
在有色冶炼行业,粗铅锑合金除铜、锡、砷、铁等杂质精炼过程,一般在间接加热的铁锅中进行,但若粗铅锑合金中含锑高于60%以上时,由于锑与铁在温度高于650℃时会形成共晶合金,铁锅易损而不适应;此时一般可选择反射炉进行精炼,但反射炉出料不够灵活方便,更重要的是粗铅锑合金精炼周期较短,炉子温度急热急冷,变化频繁,反射炉受热应力不均衡,容易导致损坏炉体结构。
公知的圆柱形转炉进料放料方便,受热应力均衡,适合铜锍自热吹炼和粗铜精炼,但造价高昂;传统的可倾动反射炉进出料方便,但结构复杂,耐急热急冷性差,都不适合粗铅锑合金的精炼。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种受热应力各向均衡,耐急热急冷性优异、保温性能好、结构简单、造价低廉的球形熔池多用途倾动炉及其制造方法。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的一种技术方案是:一种球形熔池多用途倾动炉,包括基座、炉体及炉盖,该炉体固定在炉底梁框上,该炉底梁框一端通过基座铰链与基座连接,另一端通过液压油缸与基座连接;该炉体包括炉体外壳,在炉体外壳的内部设有含半球形腔的炉底捣打层,在炉底捣打层的上面砌筑半球形熔池,在对应基座铰链的炉体外壳一侧上部,设置有水套炉口与半球形熔池相通;该炉盖包括炉盖外壳,该炉盖外壳的底部与顶部设有环形钢板,以增加强度和起支撑作用,该炉盖外壳的底部砌筑环形拱角砖,在环形拱角砖上砌筑球冠形炉拱顶,在球冠形炉拱顶的中央部位设置喷火烧咀与炉体内部熔池相通,且在球冠形拱顶上浇筑炉顶保温层;该炉盖和炉体用弹性联接螺栓连接,并在对应炉体的水套炉口上方设置烟气罩,在烟气罩的一侧设置侧烟气管,该侧烟气管另一头伸到基座铰链的轴心线位置,通过一直角弯头与外烟气管套接。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的另一种技术方案是:一种球形熔池多用途倾动炉制造方法,其包括下列步骤:首先用钢板制成炉体外壳并固定在炉底梁框上,该炉底梁框一端通过基座铰链与基座连接,另一端通过液压油缸与基座连接;然后在炉体外壳内用捣打料捣打出半球形腔体,并在其上用球顶砖砌筑出半球形熔池,在对应基座铰链的炉体外壳一侧上部,设置水套炉口与半球形熔池相通,从而形成炉体;接着在炉体顶部放置由钢板制成的炉盖外壳,并在炉盖外壳内砌筑环形拱角砖,在环形拱角砖上面用球顶砖砌筑球冠形炉拱顶,在球冠形炉拱顶的中央部位设置喷火烧咀与炉体内部相通,在球冠形拱顶上浇筑炉顶保温层而形成炉盖;最后用弹性联接螺栓将炉盖及炉体连接起来,并在对应炉体水套炉口的上方设置烟气罩,在烟气罩的一侧设置一根侧烟气管,该侧烟气管另一头伸到基座铰链的轴心线位置,通过一直角弯头与外烟气管套接。
上述技术方案的进一步改进为,在烟气罩正对水套炉口的方向上设置活动门。
上述技术方案的进一步改进为,该炉顶保温层用耐火水泥配耐火材料形成。
与现有技术相比,本发明所具有的有益效果为:本发明球形熔池多用途倾动炉的炉盖内设置球冠形炉拱顶,炉体内设置半球形熔池,这样,就使得本发明球形熔池多用途倾动炉使用时受到的各向热应力均衡,因而其耐急热急冷性好。本发明还可通过液压油缸实现炉体倾动,通过弹性联接螺栓将炉盖及炉体锁紧或分开,因而操作灵活方便,特别适合升温降温操作频繁的粗铅锑合金精炼,也能用于渣尘料还原冶炼及氧化吹炼,是一种具备多种用途的炉型,同时,本发明具有结构简单、造价低廉等优点。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构原理图。
在图中:1、基座;2、炉底梁框;3、液压油缸;4、炉体外壳;5、炉底捣打层;6、半球形熔池;7、弹性联接螺栓;8、炉盖外壳;9、球冠形炉拱顶;10、炉顶保温层;11、喷火烧咀; 12、环形拱角砖;13、烟气罩;14、活动门;15、水套炉口;16、侧烟气管;17、基座铰链。
具体实施方式
如图1所示,本发明球形熔池多用途倾动炉包括基座1、炉体及炉盖。炉体固定在炉底梁框2上,且该炉底梁框2一端通过基座铰链17与基座1连接,另一端通过液压油缸3与基座1连接。该炉体包括设于外侧的炉体外壳4,该炉体外壳4的底部设有用捣打料形成的炉底捣打层5,在其上用耐火砖砌筑有半球形熔池6。在对应基座铰链17的炉体外壳4一侧上部,设置有水套炉口15与半球形熔池6相通,该水套炉口15供进料、扒渣、放料及烟气流出用。该炉盖包括设于外侧的炉盖外壳8,该炉盖外壳8的底部砌筑环形拱角砖12,在环形拱角砖12上砌筑球冠形炉拱顶9,在球冠形炉拱顶9的中央部位设置喷火烧咀11与炉体内部相通,在球冠形拱顶9上浇筑一层炉顶保温层10。该炉顶保温层10优先采用耐火水泥配保温材料形成。该炉盖和炉体用弹性联接螺栓7连接在一起,并在对应炉体的水套炉口15的上方设置烟气罩13,在烟气罩13的一侧设置一根侧烟气管16,该侧烟气管16另一头伸到基座铰链17的轴心线位置,并通过一直角弯头与外烟气管套接,以便当炉体倾动时,不用移动烟管,从而保持烟气密封、畅通。在烟气罩13正对水套炉口15的方向上设置活动门14, 以方便操作。
使用时,由炉盖顶部的喷火烧咀11提供燃烧热量,使本发明倾动炉升温。烟气经烟气罩13的侧烟气管16抽出,炉料由水套炉口15加入熔化,升温至合适温度,从水套炉口15插入气管向熔体鼓入空气,并由水套炉口15加入碱和氧化剂使杂质造渣,定期从水套炉口15捞渣,重复多次,直至杂质降到指定含量。启动液压油缸3,升抬炉体一端,倾动炉体,使半球形熔池6中的熔融合金倒出,操作灵活方便。如果本发明倾动炉内部需要维修、维护,则可松开弹性联接螺栓7,打开炉盖,进行常规的维修、维护操作。
本发明球形熔池多用途倾动炉的制造方法,包括下列步骤:首先用普通钢板制成炉体外壳4并固定在炉底梁框2上,该炉底梁框2一端通过基座铰链17与基座1连接,另一端通过液压油缸3与基座1连接;然后在炉体外壳4内用捣打料捣打出球形腔体,即形成炉底捣打层5,并在其上用球顶砖砌筑出半球形熔池6,在对应基座铰链17的炉体外壳4一侧上部,设置水套炉口15与半球形熔池6相通,从而形成炉体;接着在形成的炉体顶部放置由钢板制成的炉盖外壳8,并在炉盖外壳8内砌筑环形拱角砖12,在其上用球顶砖砌筑球冠形炉拱顶9,在球冠形炉拱顶9的中央部位设置喷火烧咀11与炉体内部相通,且在球冠形拱顶9上浇筑炉顶保温层10而形成炉盖;最后用弹性联接螺栓7将炉盖及炉体连接起来,并在对应炉体水套炉口15的上方设置烟气罩13,在烟气罩13的一侧设置一根侧烟气管16,该侧烟气管16另一头伸到基座铰链17的轴心线位置,并通过一直角弯头与外烟管套接,以便当炉体倾动时保持烟气密封、畅通。为增加炉盖外壳8的强度和对炉盖外壳8起支撑作用,在炉盖外壳8的底部及顶部焊设有环形钢板。该炉盖外壳在烟气罩13正对水套炉口15的方向上设置活动门14, 以方便操作。
为实施本发明构想,申请人试制了25吨型球形熔池多用途倾动炉,其主要数据如下:半球形熔池球径2.5m,熔池深1.25m,用镁铬球顶砖砌筑,炉体外壳外径3.15m,高1.8m;水套炉口内腔尺寸宽0.3m,高0.28m;液压油缸升力40T,行程2.8m,能使炉体倾转45度;使用低热值净发生炉煤气,热值5442KJ·m-3,选用DW-1-8专用喷火烧咀,燃烧能力450 m3·h -1;由于炉子保温性能好和球形熔池热应力各向均衡,烘炉后,正常操作时,可快速升温,使用效果良好,操作灵活方便,设备制作简单,投资节省。

Claims (1)

1.一种球形熔池多用途倾动炉制造方法,其特征在于包括下列步骤:首先用钢板制成炉体外壳并固定在炉底梁框上,该炉底梁框一端通过基座铰链与基座连接,另一端通过液压油缸与基座连接;然后在炉体外壳内用捣打料捣打出半球形腔体,并在半球形腔体上用球顶砖砌筑出半球形熔池,在对应基座铰链的炉体外壳一侧上部,设置水套炉口与半球形熔池相通,从而形成炉体;接着在炉体顶部放置由钢板制成的炉盖外壳,并在炉盖外壳内设置环形钢板后砌筑环形拱角砖,在环形拱角砖上面用球顶砖砌筑球冠形炉拱顶,在球冠形炉拱顶的中央部位设置喷火烧咀与炉体内部相通,在球冠形拱顶上浇筑炉顶保温层而形成炉盖;最后用弹性联接螺栓将炉盖及炉体连接起来,在对应炉体水套炉口的上方设置烟气罩,并在烟气罩的一侧设置一根侧烟气管,该侧烟气管另一头伸到基座铰链的轴心线位置,通过一直角弯头与外烟气管套接。
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Inventor after: Shi Hongjiao

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