CN102782309B - 海洋发电设备 - Google Patents
海洋发电设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
发电设备(10)包括水毯(12),该水毯包括多个箱体(18),该多个箱体布置在栅格中以漂浮在一片水域的表面上。球接头(20)和液压缸(22)将每个所述箱体(18)连接到相邻的箱体(18)上。马达(48)连接到所述液压缸,从而通过液压液体的流动使得所述马达(48)旋转,所述液压液体的流动由所述箱体(18)的移动而导致的液压缸的伸出与收缩所产生。发电机连接到各自的马达以通过所述马达的旋转运动发电。风力发电机(17)、水桨轮(24)、水力涡轮机(32)以及太阳能电池(28)产生的电能可以对海洋毯产生的电能进行补充。
Description
技术领域
本发明总体上涉及发电领域,具体地,涉及一种从水的运动中得到电能的发电设备。
背景技术
世界大部分地区都受到发电量的短缺的困扰。这导致许多这样的国家相对于世界其他国家仍处于不发达状态,并且由于没有暖气和冷气,他们的居民多年来经常必须在严酷的生活条件下生存。
在世界其他国家中,大量的电能都是由石油、天然气、煤炭或者核能设备生产的。燃烧石油、天然气以及煤炭则导致空气污染,并且随着发达国家对电能需求的飞速增长,这些燃料资源正迅速减少。核能需要清理废弃的核燃料,而废弃的核燃料的危害将持续几个世纪。
许多清洁替代能源也具有相似的问题。太阳能电池在白天具有无限制的燃料源,但是晚上却无法发电。风力发电机同样具有潜在无限制的能量源,但是当风力较弱时,风力也无法产生任何电能。由于没有可行的方法来存储多余的能量,这些能源通常作为化石燃料发电能量系统的补充。
因此,出现了对一种发电设备的需求,该发电设备不需要化石燃料,并且通常能够连续地发电。
发明内容
在本发明中,发电设备包括水毯(waterblanket),该水毯包括多个箱体(pod),该多个箱体布置在栅格中以漂浮在一片水域的表面上。球接头和液压缸将每个所述箱体连接到相邻的箱体上。马达连接到所述液压缸,从而通过液压液体的流动使得所述马达转动,所述液压液体的流动由所述箱体的移动而导致的液压缸的伸出与收缩所产生。发电机连接到各自的马达以通过所述马达的旋转运动发电。
此外,所述海洋毯的平台上的风力发电机产生的电能、洋流通过水力涡轮机产生的电能、水流通过桨轮时产生的电能以及海洋毯的箱体接收到的太阳能电能可以对海洋毯(oceanblanket)产生的电能进行补充。
本发明具有优于现有技术的显著优势。首先,该发电设备不产生温室气体,并且不使用矿物燃料,核燃料或者其他不可再生燃料。因为所有电力能源自然并连续地供向所述发电设备,发电成本将大大降低。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本发明及其优点,将结合附图做以下参考说明,其中:
图1是发电系统的立体图,并且图1中具有子系统细节;
图2是海洋毯子系统的一部分的立体图;
图3是用于海洋毯子系统的箱体的俯视图;
图4是用于箱体的桨轮的主视图;
图5是桨轮的侧视图;
图6是用于在箱体中机构转动的凹槽的仰视立体图。
图7是水力涡轮机组件的立体图;
图8是水力涡轮机组件的后视图;
图9是水力涡轮机组件的侧视图;
图10是具有安装水力涡轮机组件的孔细节视图的平台的立体图。
具体实施方式
结合图1-图10可以更好地理解本发明,在各个附图中,相同的附图标记用于表示相同的部件。
图1图示说明了连续发电设备(ContinuousEnergyPlant),该连续发电设备利用海洋中、海洋表面以及海洋上方的力连续地产生电能。开发了的力有四种—潮汐、洋流、波浪、海洋上方的风以及阳光。
图1图示了整个系统10,并且图1中具有主要部件的细节视图。图中有三个主要的子系统:(1)海洋毯子系统12,(2)水力涡轮机子系统14,以及(3)风车子系统16。与近海钻井平台使用的技术相似,系统10可以利用平台建造在近海中,该平台利用支柱锚定于地面上。
每个子系统利用不同的力发电,在许多情况下,所有的力同时降低的可能性很小。可以利用海底电缆将系统10产生的电能输送到终端用户。
系统10的露天平台(deck)上设置有大型的风力涡轮机16a,该风力涡轮机16a可以具有利用风力产生电能的常规设计。
海洋毯子系统12包括三个用于提供电能的单独的组件。第一,通过机械球接头20相互连接的箱体18构成了栅格(grid),机械球接头20赋予箱体18相对于相邻箱体18朝各个方向运动的自由度。箱体18还由多个液压缸22相互连接,由于波浪的作用,箱体能够彼此相对移动,使得连接箱体的液压缸22随着漂浮箱体的移动而伸出和收缩。随着液压缸的伸出和收缩,产生了通过连接到每个箱体的液压泵/马达液压液体的流动,从而使得马达转动。随着马达的转动,该马达驱动发电机。每个箱体上连接的液压缸的数量可达到16个。结合图2-图6非常详细地描述了液压缸、马达以及发电机的操作。发电机产生的电能通过集电环23。系统10旋转时,集电环23保持在固定位置,将全部电连接保持在一起。箱体18产生的全部电能将持续地通过该箱体上的集电环23。
第二,箱体18下方设置有桨轮24(从图2可非常详细地看到),每个箱体18的底端(也就是浸入水中的部分)设置的桨轮24提供了电能的第二种来源。桨轮24随洋流的流动而转动,从而驱动箱体组件上的另一发电机。桨轮围绕水平轴线旋转以提供电能;每个桨轮24也能围绕对应于舵的竖直轴线旋转,以保持它的水平转动轴线垂直于洋流的流动,从而使推动桨轮24的洋流的力最大化。
第三,箱体18顶部的固定圆顶26上覆盖有光电(太阳能)电池28。太阳能电池28将太阳光转换为电能。
电流通过每个箱体18上的集电环23传递到海底电缆,使得箱体自由移动而不向电连接施加压力。在优选的实施方式中,液压能和电能都通过集电环23。
将结合图2-图6非常详细地描述海洋毯子系统12的箱体。将结合图2-图3描述液压能产生的电能。箱体18的每侧通过球接头20连接于相邻箱体的一侧(除了栅格外边缘的某些侧面),球接头20具有凸形接头部20a和凹形接头部20b。球形接头布置在所有侧面的中心,每个箱体具有两个凸形球接头部件和两个凹形球接头部件。这允许所有箱体机械地连接一起,但又允许箱体18具有充分的移动。每个箱体18能够独立地向上和向下、向前和向后以及向内和向外移动。
液压缸22也将箱体18连接在一起。箱体18的每个侧面上,通过球接头24连接到箱体18的液压缸22的数量可达到四个。每个液压缸22的每端都配套有球接头46(在举例说明的实施方式中,液压缸22的每端都具有凹形球接头部,箱体18的每端都具有凸形球接头部)。箱体18可以具有多达16个同时移动的液压缸。箱体18的移动使液压缸22中产生液压力,该液压力驱动液压马达48。液压马达驱动各自的发电机50以产生电能。
参见图4和图5,箱体底部的桨轮24具有轴,该轴的每一端都具有密封式滚子轴承。由于洋流的流动,该洋流可使桨轮24旋转。靠近轴54端部处设置有带轮52。该带轮52与发电机56上的带轮连接,随着桨轮24转动,通过第二发电机56产生电能。
桨轮24围绕水平轴线旋转以产生电能。如果洋流改变流向,该桨轮也必须能够改变方向;为此,桨轮必须能够围绕竖直轴线旋转。这点可通过在箱体上形成凹槽58(参见图6)来实现,轴承能够围绕竖直轴线自由移动。同时,发电机底座(该底座支撑马达、液压泵、油箱以及两个发电机)必须能够围绕竖直轴线旋转。这点可通过一系列密封轴承,和/或发电机底座底部的凸轮从动件来实现。这些密封轴承安装在箱体18中的另一凹槽60上,以允许发电机底座围绕竖直轴线自由旋转。桨轮能够同时围绕竖直轴线和水平轴线旋转360°。舵(未显示)用于保持每个桨轮组件绕垂直洋流流向的水平轴线旋转。
海洋毯12产生的电流总量取决于以下因素:
1.洋流速度;
2.波浪大小;
3.波浪频率;
4.箱体组件的尺寸和重量;
5.阳光的可得性。
相应地,海洋毯12可在几乎任何天气和一天中的任何时间都能提供电能。还能够使用液压缸将海洋毯12连接到平台上,使得涨落的潮汐将产生液体流动。
本系统将连续工作。只要海洋(或者其他水域,例如河流或者大湖)发生运动,本系统将连续生产电能。仅海洋就能具有足够的力以给整个地球提供电能。
图7-图9非常详细地显示了水力涡轮机子系统14。水力涡轮机子系统14包括多个围绕海洋毯周边的水力涡轮机组件30。每个水力涡轮机组件30具有多个涡轮32,每个涡轮32优选地具有单独的竖直轴34,该竖直轴34连接到各自的放置在发电机底座38中的发电机36。随着水流通过涡轮,每个涡轮32围绕自身的竖直轴34旋转,从而促使各自的发电机36发电。竖直轴34在发电机底座38和相关的涡轮32之间延伸。
由于水力涡轮机的尺寸,可旋转锚点40连接到可伸缩支柱44(参见图10),为了稳固水力涡轮机组件30的底部,并允许每个水力涡轮机组件30随着洋流流向的改变而围绕自身的竖直轴线自由旋转。水力涡轮机组件30相对于自身竖直轴线的方向同样由连接于每个水力涡轮机组件30的舵(未显示)控制,使得涡轮32在垂直于洋流的平面内旋转。
在图10所示的优选实施方式中,使用了具有平台42的支柱系统41,平台42支撑竖直轴。该支柱系统41还可能具有设置在安装孔43内的密封轴承,该密封轴承使支撑轴40a旋转。在平台顶部,每个水力涡轮机组件30都具有密封滚子轴承,和/或凸轮从动件,从而允许整个水力涡轮机组件30旋转。可伸缩支柱44固定平台42,但允许平台42随潮汐而升降。
在运转中,水力涡轮机子系统14利用海流,和/或水流(例如河流)的力使涡轮32旋转。涡轮32的直径越大,产生的用于驱动发电机36的力越大。该水力涡轮机子系统14设计为允许大直径的涡轮。正如风力涡轮机17和桨轮24一样,舵决定了洋流,和/或水流动(图中未显示)的方向,使得作用于涡轮32的力能被充分利用。
每个涡轮32围绕水平轴线旋转。随着涡轮32围绕自身水平轴线旋转,连接到直角齿轮箱(rightanglegearbox)和/或直角接头(rightanglejoint)的轴将围绕竖直轴线旋转。竖直轴的旋转将驱动与其相关的发电机产生电能。
在优选的实施方式中,每个涡轮32具有自身的轴34,使得每个水力涡轮机组件30具有多个轴,每个轴从涡轮32延伸到各自的发电机36。然后,发电机36通过集电环43发出电力。集电环43允许设备旋转,同时能够保持动力(例如电力(电能和控制)、气动、液压、水等)连接(powerconnection),该集电环43的目的是允许将发电机产生的能量(电力)输出到终端用户,还允许水力涡轮机组件自由旋转。
发电机底座38和涡轮32围绕竖直轴线旋转的同时,集电环43保持在固定位置。随着系统旋转,集电环43将使全部电连接保持在一起,全部发电机36产生的全部电能将持续通过集电环43。从这点出发,可以利用海上水下电缆和或高架电缆将本系统产生的电能输送到终端用户。
优选地,设置防护装置以保护水力涡轮机组件免受水中生物、船只、潜水艇以及通常漂浮在水中的残骸的损坏。
总体的系统10产生的电力由该系统10所处的位置决定,因为多种因素每天都发生改变,例如:
1.洋流流速;
2.波浪大小;
3.波浪频率;
4.箱体组件的尺寸和重量;
5.阳光的可获得性;
6.风速;
2.水力涡轮机的直径;
3.水力涡轮机的不同类型;
4.叶片组件的类型;
5.叶片组件的数量;
6.叶片的表面面积;
7.每个水力涡轮机组件上的水力涡轮数量。
本系统10不仅用于在世界各地的城市发电,而且用于在世界各地的农村发电。传统的发电设备利用天然气、煤炭或者核能。本系统则利用我们地球上最大和最丰富的自然资源,该自然资源具有无限的能量供应。同样重要的是,系统10可连续运行。只要海洋具有运动、太阳继续闪耀、风继续吹,该系统将持续地发电。仅海洋就能具有足够的力向整个地球提供电能。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有的显著优势在于:
1.没有温室气体;
2.不需要外界燃料源,例如:
a.煤炭
b.天然气
c.核能
d.其他不可再生燃料;
3.环境友好;
4.降低电能成本;
5.将根本上降低世界各地的燃料成本。这是供求的基本规则。因为需求显著下降,价格将随之下降;
6.节省我们地球不可再生资源;
7.有助于防止全球变暖。
虽然本发明的详细描述指向的特定的示例性实施方式,但是将为本领域技术人员提供这些实施方式的各种改变以及替换的实施方式的启示。本发明包含落入权利要求的范围内的任何改变或者替换实施方式。
Claims (9)
1.一种发电设备,该发电设备包括:
水毯,该水毯用于从波浪发电,并包括:
多个箱体,该多个箱体布置在栅格中以漂浮在一片水域的表面上;
球接头,该球接头将每个所述箱体连接到相邻的箱体上,以赋予所述箱体相对于相邻的箱体朝各个方向运动的自由度;
液压缸,该液压缸将每个所述箱体连接到相邻的箱体上;
马达,该马达连接到所述液压缸,从而通过液压液体的流动使得所述马达旋转,所述液压液体的流动由所述箱体的移动而导致的液压缸的伸出与收缩所产生;和
发电机,该发电机连接到各自的所述马达以通过该马达的旋转运动发电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的发电设备,其中,所述箱体还包括浆轮,该浆轮设置于所述箱体的下方以与所述水域接触,从而所述水域的流动使所述浆轮旋转而发电。
3.根据权利要求2所述的发电设备,其中,所述浆轮机械地连接到第二发电机,该第二发电机用于通过所述浆轮的旋转运动发电。
4.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的发电设备,其中,所述箱体连接于平台。
5.根据权利要求4所述的发电设备,该发电设备还包括风力涡轮机,该风力涡轮机设置在所述平台上,以通过风的运动发电。
6.根据权利要求4所述的发电设备,该发电设备还包括围绕所述水毯的周边设置并连接于所述平台的多个水力涡轮,从而该多个水力涡轮延伸至所述一片水域内而从水流发电。
7.根据权利要求6所述的发电设备,其中,每个所述水力涡轮连接于各自的轴,并且所述发电设备还包括多个水轮发电机,每个所述水轮发电机连接到所述轴中的一个。
8.根据权利要求7所述的发电设备,其中,所述水轮发电机设置在发电机底座中,该发电机底座连接到轴支架,该轴支架围绕竖直轴线在所述平台内自由旋转。
9.根据权利要求1、2或3所述的发电设备,其中,所述箱体上设置有太阳能电池,以将太阳光转化为电能。
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