CN102758216B - Method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell - Google Patents

Method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102758216B
CN102758216B CN201110109943.4A CN201110109943A CN102758216B CN 102758216 B CN102758216 B CN 102758216B CN 201110109943 A CN201110109943 A CN 201110109943A CN 102758216 B CN102758216 B CN 102758216B
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China
Prior art keywords
cathode
steel bar
aluminum
cathode steel
current
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CN201110109943.4A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN102758216A (en
Inventor
周东方
杨晓东
刘雅锋
刘伟
邹智勇
刘铭
胡红武
张钦菘
白斌
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Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Engineering and Research Institute Co Ltd
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Shenyang Aluminum and Magnesium Engineering and Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201110109943.4A priority Critical patent/CN102758216B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2012/000564 priority patent/WO2012146063A1/en
Priority to CA2834290A priority patent/CA2834290C/en
Publication of CN102758216A publication Critical patent/CN102758216A/en
Priority to NO20131582A priority patent/NO347721B1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25CPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/16Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses a cathode structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell, in particular to a method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell. At least one cathode steel bar is bound or cast at the lower part of a cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel bar is segmented into a plurality of parts in different positions by partition joints in the length direction; cathode steel bars among the partition joints are completely connected with the cathode carbon block through electric conductors, and the rest of the cathode steel bars on the partition joints are completely insulated with the cathode carbon block through insulators; partition joint insulating material is filled in each partition joint, so that the cathode steel bars on and below the partition joints are insulated; and one end of the cathode steel bar penetrates out of the side part of the electrolytic cell. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the current distribution in the aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell is homogenized, horizontal current in the aluminum liquid is greatly reduced, the stability of the electrolytic cell is improved, the electrolytic cell can operate with high efficiency at low polar distance, the aluminum energy consumption per ton can be effectively reduced, the energy-saving effect is significant and the service life of a cathode is simultaneously prolonged.

Description

A kind of method of distribution of current in homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor
Technical field
The present invention relates to the aluminium cell that Hall-Ai Lu electrolytic process produces primary aluminum, specifically, the present invention relates to the method for distribution of current in a kind of homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor.
Background technology
Metallic aluminium industrially adopts fused salt electrolysis process to produce, and namely electrolytic dissolution is the aluminum oxide in the ionogen of main component at the sodium aluminum fluoride of melting, and the main method adopted is Hall-Ai Lu (Hall-Heroult) electrolytic process at present.
The direct equipment producing electrolytic aluminum is electrolyzer, and electrolyzer mainly contains two parts's composition, and a part is anode, is usually made up of carbon materials, and another part is negative electrode, is built by laying bricks or stones form by charcoal block and inner lining material.
Aluminium cell is connected in whole electrolytic series, and electric current enters electrolyzer from anode, by the ionogen of melting, through liquid aluminium liquid, enter cathode carbon pieces, electric current is collected by the cathode steel bar be assemblied in cathode carbon pieces, imports next electrolyzer by negative busbar.
Existing cathode structure of aluminium cell is: in the bottom of cathode carbon pieces, cathode steel bar is housed, all adopt between cathode steel bar with charcoal block and prick the mode of sticking with paste or watering ferrophosphorus and be connected, each cathode carbon pieces is equipped with one or two cathode steel bars, cathode steel bar and cathode carbon pieces horizontal positioned in the same way, the sidewall that electrolyzer is stretched out in one end of cathode steel bar is connected with negative busbar.The electrolyzer of this structure, there is a very large shortcoming in cathode conductive structure: due to cathode steel bar and cathode carbon pieces horizontal positioned in the same way, cause producing very large horizontal current in aluminium liquid, in this horizontal current and aluminium liquid, vertical magnetic field acting in conjunction produces electromagnetic force, this electromagnetic force drives liquid aluminium liquid flow in a cell and fluctuate, if the excessive and skewness of the horizontal current in electrolyzer, aluminium liquid and electrolyte interface will be caused to fluctuate excessive, make electrolyzer produce serious unstable aborning, reduce current efficiency.In addition, in aluminium liquid, horizontal current distribution is along the length direction skewness of cathode carbon pieces, makes the end current density of cathode carbon pieces maximum, thus significantly accelerates the corrosion of cathode carbon pieces herein, reduces the life-span of electrolyzer.
In order to improve the stability of electrolyzer, common way is the strict perpendicular field profile controlled in aluminium liquid in the design of electrolyzer, this not only adds the difficulty of negative busbar design, and causes cathode arrangement complicated, and bus consumption is large, and investment increases.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is in order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, distribution of current in homogenizing aluminium liquid, improve the stability of electrolyzer, propose the method for distribution of current in a kind of homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor, its objective is the horizontal current reduced in aluminium liquid, make distribution of current in aluminium liquid more even, thus significantly improve the stability of electrolyzer, enable electrolyzer efficiently and smoothly operated under lower pole span, remarkable reduction ton aluminium energy consumption, cathode current density is more even simultaneously, reduces the speed of cathode abrasion, extends cathode life.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method of distribution of current in homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor, solid or at least one cathode steel bar of casting is pricked in cathode carbon pieces bottom, cathode steel bar is divided into a few part by partitioning slot at different positions along its length, part between cathode steel bar divide seam on every bar partitioning slot all adopts electrical conductor to be connected with cathode carbon pieces, the cathode steel bar of rest part all adopts isolator and cathode carbon pieces to insulate, partitioning slot filling insulating material is adopted in partitioning slot, make the upper and lower two portions cathode steel bar insulation of partitioning slot, one end of cathode steel bar passes from the sidepiece of electrolyzer.
Described electrical conductor is carbon paste or ferrophosphorus.
Described cathode steel bar part is pricked solid or is cast in cathode carbon pieces.
The quantity of the partitioning slot in described every root cathode steel bar is 1 ~ 20.
The cross-sectional shape of described cathode steel bar is square, circular, semicircle, trapezoidal or trilateral.
1-50 root cathode steel bar is installed in described often group cathode carbon pieces bottom.
Advantage of the present invention and effect as follows: the present invention has very strong practicality, go out under electric mode and sidepiece go out the condition of electricity not changing negative electrode, significantly reduce the horizontal current in aluminium liquid, distribution of current in homogenizing aluminium liquid, increased substantially the stability of electrolyzer, extended cathode life, electrolyzer can be efficiently and smoothly operated under low pole span condition, effectively reduce a ton aluminium energy consumption, there is significant energy-saving effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of cathode construction of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is cathode carbon pieces of the present invention and cathode steel bar unitized construction schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the plan structure figure of Fig. 2 cathode carbon pieces and cathode steel bar unitized construction.
Fig. 4 is the A-A sectional structure schematic diagram of Fig. 3.
Fig. 5 is that cathode carbon pieces part pricks structural representation that is solid or that cast in cathode carbon pieces
In figure, 1, cathode carbon pieces; 2, cathode steel bar; 3, partitioning slot; 4, partitioning slot insulating material; 5, isolator; 6, electrical conductor.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in detail, but protection scope of the present invention not limit by embodiment.
As shown in the figure, the method of distribution of current in a kind of homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor of the present invention, solid or at least one cathode steel bar 2 of casting is pricked in cathode carbon pieces 1 bottom, cathode steel bar 2 is divided into upper and lower three parts by two partitioning slot 3 along its length, article two, between partitioning slot 3, the cathode steel bar 2 of part is connected with adopting isolator 5 between charcoal block 1, the cathode steel bar 2 of the lower part of a partitioning slot 3 adopts isolator 5 to be connected with cathode carbon pieces 1 below, the cathode steel bar 2 of rest part all adopts electrical conductor 6 to be connected with between cathode carbon pieces 1, partitioning slot insulating material 4 is adopted to fill in partitioning slot 3, the cathode steel bar 2 of partitioning slot 3 top and the bottom is insulated, one end of cathode steel bar 2 passes from the sidepiece of electrolyzer, electrical conductor 6 is carbon paste or ferrophosphorus, and all or part of bundle of cathode steel bar 2 is solid or cast in cathode carbon pieces 1, and the cross-sectional shape of cathode steel bar 2 is square, circular, semicircle, trapezoidal or trilateral, often organizes cathode carbon pieces 1 bottom and can install 1-50 root cathode steel bar.
The quantity of the partitioning slot 3 in above-mentioned every root cathode steel bar 2 can be 1 ~ 20.
The present invention is not under changing negative electrode and going out the condition of electric mode, by changing the mode of connection etc. of the structure of cathode steel bar, cathode steel bar and cathode carbon pieces, regulate the combined resistance of cathode carbon pieces and cathode steel bar, distribution of current in homogenizing aluminium liquid, significantly reduce the horizontal current in aluminium liquid, improve the stability of electrolyzer, electrolyzer efficient stable under low pole span condition is produced, effectively reduce a ton aluminium energy consumption, energy-saving effect is obvious.The object reaching the distribution of current in homogenizing aluminium liquid, reduce horizontal current, improve electrolyzer stability.
The present embodiment only lists the method for distribution of current in a kind of employing two partitioning slot homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquors; also only for accompanying drawing in the embodiment of this patent; the practice weekly notes of present method is described, but this patent protection domain not limit by embodiment in this patent.

Claims (6)

1. the method for distribution of current in a homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor, it is characterized in that structure is as follows: prick solid or at least one cathode steel bar of casting in cathode carbon pieces bottom, cathode steel bar is divided into upper and lower three parts by two partitioning slot along its length, part between cathode steel bar divide seam on every bar partitioning slot all adopts electrical conductor to be connected with cathode carbon pieces, the cathode steel bar of rest part all adopts isolator and cathode carbon pieces to insulate, partitioning slot filling insulating material is adopted in partitioning slot, make the upper and lower two portions cathode steel bar insulation of partitioning slot, one end of cathode steel bar passes from the sidepiece of electrolyzer.
2. the method for distribution of current in a kind of homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor according to claim 1, is characterized in that described electrical conductor is carbon paste or ferrophosphorus.
3. the method for distribution of current in a kind of homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor according to claim 1, is characterized in that described cathode steel bar part is pricked solid or casts in cathode carbon pieces.
4. the method for distribution of current in a kind of homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor according to claim 1 or 3, is characterized in that the quantity of the partitioning slot in described every root cathode steel bar is 1 ~ 20.
5. the method for distribution of current in a kind of homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor according to claim 1, is characterized in that the cross-sectional shape of described cathode steel bar is square, circular, semicircle, trapezoidal or trilateral.
6. the method for distribution of current in a kind of homogenizing aluminum cell aluminum liquor according to claim 1, is characterized in that 1-50 root cathode steel bar is installed in described often group cathode carbon pieces bottom.
CN201110109943.4A 2011-04-29 2011-04-29 Method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell Active CN102758216B (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201110109943.4A CN102758216B (en) 2011-04-29 2011-04-29 Method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell
PCT/CN2012/000564 WO2012146063A1 (en) 2011-04-29 2012-04-26 Method for uniforming distribution of current in aluminium electrolysis cell
CA2834290A CA2834290C (en) 2011-04-29 2012-04-26 Method for uniforming distribution of current in aluminum liquid in an aluminum electrolytic tank
NO20131582A NO347721B1 (en) 2011-04-29 2013-11-29 Method for rectifying the distribution of current in an aluminum liquid in an aluminum electrolysis tank

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201110109943.4A CN102758216B (en) 2011-04-29 2011-04-29 Method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell

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WO (1) WO2012146063A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103014765B (en) * 2011-09-24 2016-07-06 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid
CN104250831A (en) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Cathode structure capable of saving energy and homogenizing horizontal current in molten aluminium
CN108396334B (en) * 2018-06-07 2020-05-26 东北大学 Aluminum electrolysis cell cathode structure for reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid
CN109763145A (en) * 2019-03-07 2019-05-17 合肥工业大学 The cathode construction of horizontal current in a kind of reduction aluminium cell
CN110029360B (en) * 2019-05-05 2020-10-16 中南大学 Wall type aluminium electrolysis cathode
CN111809202B (en) * 2020-07-22 2021-11-23 合肥工业大学 Cathode steel bar structure for reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell
CN113445079B (en) * 2021-06-17 2023-09-22 合肥工业大学 Cathode steel bar structure capable of reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid for aluminum electrolysis cell

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US3728243A (en) * 1970-09-01 1973-04-17 Alusuisse Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum
WO2004031452A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2004-04-15 Alcan International Limited Collector bar providing discontinuous electrical connection to cathode block
CN1844467A (en) * 2006-03-17 2006-10-11 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 Method and structure for improving cathode current density of aluminium-electrolytic cell
CN101660176A (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-03-03 高德金 Inner lining structure of cathode molten pool for aluminum electrolytic cell
CN102453927A (en) * 2010-10-19 2012-05-16 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Method for greatly reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolytic cell

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EP0197003A1 (en) * 1985-03-22 1986-10-08 Schweizerische Aluminium Ag Electrolysis vat for the production of aluminium
FR2868435B1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2006-05-26 Aluminium Pechiney Soc Par Act CATHODIC ELEMENT FOR THE EQUIPMENT OF AN ELECTROLYSIS CELL INTENDED FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ALUMINUM
CN201031257Y (en) * 2007-04-20 2008-03-05 东北大学设计研究院(有限公司) Novel structure cathode of aluminum cell
CN101440505B (en) * 2008-12-11 2010-11-24 中国铝业股份有限公司 Cathode carbon block and cathode structure of impervious barrier conductive steel rod
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Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3728243A (en) * 1970-09-01 1973-04-17 Alusuisse Electrolytic cell for the production of aluminum
WO2004031452A1 (en) * 2002-10-02 2004-04-15 Alcan International Limited Collector bar providing discontinuous electrical connection to cathode block
CN1844467A (en) * 2006-03-17 2006-10-11 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 Method and structure for improving cathode current density of aluminium-electrolytic cell
CN101660176A (en) * 2008-12-18 2010-03-03 高德金 Inner lining structure of cathode molten pool for aluminum electrolytic cell
CN102453927A (en) * 2010-10-19 2012-05-16 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 Method for greatly reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolytic cell

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO347721B1 (en) 2024-03-11
CA2834290C (en) 2016-06-28
CA2834290A1 (en) 2012-11-01
NO20131582A1 (en) 2014-01-21
CN102758216A (en) 2012-10-31
WO2012146063A1 (en) 2012-11-01

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