CN101775622B - Cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell - Google Patents
Cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN101775622B CN101775622B CN2009100100795A CN200910010079A CN101775622B CN 101775622 B CN101775622 B CN 101775622B CN 2009100100795 A CN2009100100795 A CN 2009100100795A CN 200910010079 A CN200910010079 A CN 200910010079A CN 101775622 B CN101775622 B CN 101775622B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cathode structure of an energy-saving aluminium cell, which belongs to the technical field of aluminium cells. The cathode structure comprises a pot shell and a lining, and the lining mainly comprises cathode carbon blocks, side linings, a bottom lining and rammed paste. The cathode structure has the following characteristics that: the high and the low cathode carbon blocks are arranged in the same cell, so that the upper surface of the cathode is rugged, cathode steel rods are mounted perpendicular to the cathode carbon blocks, and the cathode steel rods vertically penetrate the bottoms of the cathode carbon blocks, and penetrate the bottom of the cell. The cathode structure divides aluminium liquid in a plurality of small aluminium baths, thus effectively constraining the flow and fluctuation of the aluminium liquid due to the effect of electromagnetic force and enhancing the stability of the cell, and the height of the aluminium liquid and the electrode distance can be reduced; the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid is almost eliminated, the stability of the cell is enhanced, meanwhile, the conductive path of the cathode is shortened, and the voltage drop of the cathode is reduced; and the cathode structure increases the current efficiency, and has the effects of energy saving and consumption reduction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cathode structure of aluminium cell, belong to the aluminium cell technical field.
Background technology
Be used for the industrial Hall-Heroult electrolyzer of aluminium at present and use carbon anode and charcoal piece negative electrode, by electrolyzing fused alumina producing aluminium, ionogen mainly is made up of sodium aluminum fluoride and alumina melt, is dissolved in wherein aluminum fluoride and other fluoride salt in addition in addition.The aluminium that electrolysis is separated out is accumulated in bottom land charcoal piece negative electrode top, forms the aluminium liquid layer, and as the part of negative electrode.Owing to the aluminium liquid in the electrolyzer is subjected to the influence campaign of the electromagnetic field workshop in, the aluminium liquid that need keep certain height reduces and the fluctuation of ionogen contact interface.The aluminum liquid horizontal of industrial cell maintenance at present is generally between 10～30cm, in the case, still need to keep the pole span about 4.5cm, the height of pole span mainly is subjected to the influence of electrolyzer stability, under the cathode construction and magnetic field condition of existing electrolyzer, further optimize the stability that Distribution of Magnetic Field improves electrolyzer, and then the reduction pole span has become a very thing of difficulty.
Existing Hall-Heroult aluminium cell, all having a general problem according to size and electrolysis process different is exactly that electric energy efficiency is lower, and generally between 45～50%, remaining electric energy all is converted into heat energy dissipation and has fallen.The pole span of existing aluminium cell generally all about 4.5cm, causes the low major cause of electric energy efficiency just to be existing common prebaked cell because the aluminium fluid wave that cause in magnetic field is moving, therefore often needs the pole span that keeps bigger for the stably manufactured that guarantees electrolyzer.
In addition, the cathode steel bar level of existing electrolyzer is installed in the bottom of cathode carbon pieces, electric current compiles to the termination of cathode steel bar after entering cathode carbon pieces by aluminium liquid gradually, cause producing in the aluminium liquid bigger horizontal current, horizontal current is an important factor that influences electrolyzer stability, therefore, an important factor of raising electrolyzer stability is the elimination of level electric current; The flow through path length of negative electrode of this kind cathode construction, electric current, the contact resistance of cathode steel bar and cathode carbon pieces is big, causes the cathode drop height, and this also is to cause existing electrolyzer energy consumption height, the factor that electric energy efficiency is lower.
Electric energy efficiency is hanged down and has been caused the meaningless consumption of huge electric energy on the industrial cell, and the energy-saving and cost-reducing means of aluminium cell have two kinds, and a kind of is to improve current efficiency, and another kind is exactly to reduce pole span, reduces bath voltage.And existing electrolyzer, mostly between 90～96%, the space of improving current efficiency is limited for current efficiency.Aluminum current electrolyzer pole span is generally about 4.5～5cm, the pressure drop that pole span brings is about 40% of total energy consumption, the energy-saving and cost-reducing very big space that provides is provided in the reduction of pole span, but because the restriction of traditional this body structure of electrolyzer, reduce pole span, because the aluminium liquid electrolyte interface influence of fluctuations that brought by magnetic field, it is unstable that electrolyzer will become, lose current efficiency, be difficult to reach purpose of energy saving.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: a kind of cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell is provided, horizontal current in its energy basically eliminate aluminium liquid, reduce flowing of the interior aluminium liquid of electrolyzer, reduce the fluctuation of aluminium liquid, reduce the interpolar pressure drop, significantly reduce cathode drop simultaneously, improved the electric energy efficiency of aluminium cell, reduced the influence of magnetic field, reached energy saving purposes Aluminium Electrolysis stability.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
A kind of cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell, it comprises pot shell and liner, liner mainly is made up of cathode carbon pieces, lateral lining, bottom liner and ramming paste, cathode carbon pieces in the same electrolyzer is arranged by high and low two kinds of cathode carbon pieces and is formed, make the negative electrode upper surface uneven, cathode steel bar is installed perpendicular to cathode carbon pieces, and cathode steel bar passes from the bottom vertical of cathode carbon pieces, and passes from bottom of electrolytic tank.
Described cathode carbon pieces upper surface has groove.
Described groove quantity is 1～20.
That the lateral cross section of described groove is shaped as is square, trapezoidal, trilateral or circle etc.
1～40 cathode steel bar of the vertical installation of described every group of cathode carbon pieces.
Described 2-6 root cathode steel bar accumulates one and passes from bottom land.
The lateral cross section shape of described cathode steel bar can be circle, ellipse or rectangle.
Described cathode carbon pieces fuses by sticking with paste between charcoal, and the difference of altitude between the cathode carbon pieces is between 20～400mm.
The height of described cathode carbon pieces can be between 300～700mm, and width and anode carbon block are consistent.
The height of described cathode carbon pieces can be between 300～700mm, the cathode carbon pieces of the width of cathode carbon pieces between 250～800mm.
High cathode carbon pieces and low cathode carbon pieces are to be high and low, high and low alternately to arrange in the described cathode carbon pieces.
High cathode carbon pieces and low cathode carbon pieces are to be low, low, high and low, low, high alternately to arrange in the described cathode carbon pieces.
High cathode carbon pieces and low cathode carbon pieces are any arrangements between high and low in the described cathode carbon pieces.
Bottom inner lining structure below the described cathode carbon pieces is: at first lay one deck antiseepage mould material under cathode carbon pieces, cathode steel bar is wrapped in wherein, laying the anti-bleed of one deck dry type again and effectively stop electrolytical seepage under this mould material, down is the thermal insulation fire-resistant material again.
Adopt between the end of described cathode carbon pieces and the lateral lining mould material and on every side paste make firm by ramming and be connected.
The upper surface of described cathode carbon pieces is the plane.
Characteristics of the present invention and effect are as follows:
Aluminium cell of the present invention: because the characteristics of its cathode construction, cathode carbon pieces height difference, thereby cause the negative electrode upper surface uneven, huge aluminium liquid pool is divided into several little zones, has fettered aluminium liquid effectively owing to flowing and fluctuation that the effect that is subjected to electromagnetic force produces; Owing to adopt the bottom to go out the cathode steel bar distributing style of electricity, basically eliminate the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, the negative electrode conductive path shortens simultaneously, has lowered the one-level pressure drop; Adopt cathode construction of the present invention, can increase substantially the stability of electrolyzer, therefore aluminium liquid height can keep very low, the cathode carbon pieces that exceeds projection gets final product for several centimetres, pole span also can significantly reduce, can make pole span drop to 2.5～4cm or lower from about 4.5～5cm of traditional electrolyzer, cathode drop also significantly reduces, and therefore adopts the aluminium cell of cathode construction of the present invention to have the energy-saving effect of highly significant.
Owing to kept lower aluminum liquid horizontal, when electrolyzer goes out aluminium, caused the aluminium quantity not sufficient of aluminium flowing-out mouth position easily, make ionogen enter out the aluminium device,, can suitably increase the machined surface of aluminium inlet for head it off, simultaneously in cathode carbon pieces upper surface open channels, for aluminium liquid provides collection channel.
The present invention has reduced pole span owing to adopt above-mentioned cathode construction, basically eliminate the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, significantly reduced cathode drop, improved utilization rate of electrical, greatly reduce the influence of magnetic field to Aluminium Electrolysis stability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the staggered a kind of structural representation of the high and low cathode carbon pieces of the energy-saving aluminium electrolysis cathode structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a kind of structural representation that the high and low cathode carbon pieces of the energy-saving aluminium electrolysis cathode structure of the present invention is arranged arbitrarily.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation that there is a square groove at the energy-saving aluminium electrolysis cathode structure cathode of the present invention charcoal piece middle part.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation that there is a trapezoidal groove at the energy-saving aluminium electrolysis cathode structure cathode of the present invention charcoal piece middle part.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation that the energy-saving aluminium electrolysis cathode structure cathode of the present invention charcoal piece upper surface has a plurality of square grooves.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation that the energy-saving aluminium electrolysis cathode structure cathode of the present invention charcoal piece upper surface has a plurality of trapezoidal grooves.
Fig. 7 is the structural representation that the energy-saving aluminium electrolysis cathode structure cathode of the present invention charcoal piece middle part does not have groove.
Among the figure, 1, lateral lining, 2, cathode steel bar, 3, high cathode carbon pieces, 4, low cathode carbon pieces, 5, prick between cathode carbon pieces and stick with paste, 6, the bottom liner, 7, groove.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the embodiment of the invention is elaborated, but protection scope of the present invention is not limit by embodiment.
Illustrated in figures 1 and 2, the cathode construction of aluminium cell is made of bundle paste 5, bottom liner 6 between lateral lining 1, high cathode carbon pieces 3, low cathode carbon pieces 4, cathode carbon pieces, the cathode carbon pieces bottom vertical is installed cathode steel bar 2, shown in Fig. 3～6, the cathode carbon pieces upper surface can be the plane, also can offer groove 7 at the cathode carbon pieces upper surface, the quantity of groove 7 is to offer 1～20 on the every cathode carbon pieces, and that the lateral cross section of groove 7 is shaped as is square, trapezoidal, trilateral or circle etc.The structure of lateral lining 1 and bottom liner 6 and material are selected and can be obtained according to the heat calculation of differing capacities electrolyzer, and with existing industrial production in the aluminium cell used basic identical, the technology that this has become comparative maturity repeats no more here.
The cathode construction of electrolyzer of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, same electrolyzer inner cathode charcoal piece is formed by high and low two kinds, and high and low cathode carbon pieces very clocklike is high and low, high and low arrangement, as shown in Figure 2, high and low cathode carbon pieces be arranged as two low height, make the negative electrode upper surface uneven; Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 only illustrate two kinds of spread patterns, can arrange arbitrarily in actual applications.The discrepancy in elevation of high and low cathode carbon pieces adopts between the cathode carbon pieces to prick between cathode carbon pieces and sticks with paste 5 and prick and be solidly connected between 20～400mm, adopt between the end of cathode carbon pieces and the lateral lining 1 mould material and on every side paste make firm by ramming.
The cathode carbon pieces bottom vertical is installed cathode steel bar 2,1～40 cathode steel bar 2 perpendicular to charcoal piece bottom surface is arranged according to size and size in each group cathode carbon pieces bottom, pass the bottom liner after can 2～6 these cathode steel bars 2 accumulating one and pass from bottom land, the lateral cross section shape of cathode steel bar 2 can be shapes such as circular, ellipse or rectangle.For the corrosion of the ionogen anticathode rod iron 2 that prevents seepage with to the destruction of bottom thermal insulation fire-resistant material, under cathode carbon pieces, at first lay one deck antiseepage mould material, cathode steel bar 2 is wrapped in wherein, under this mould material, lay the anti-bleed of one deck dry type again and effectively stop electrolytical seepage, down be exactly the thermal insulation fire-resistant material.Bottom liner 6 has guaranteed the life-span of cathode construction by two-layer effective antiseepage protection.
The height of cathode carbon pieces can be between 300～700mm, and width can be consistent with anode carbon block, also can adopt the cathode carbon pieces of width between 250～800mm.
Adopt cathode construction of the present invention, can keep very low aluminum liquid horizontal, pole span significantly reduces simultaneously, so the liquid aluminium amount in the electrolyzer is less, when electrolyzer goes out aluminium, cause the aluminium quantity not sufficient of aluminium flowing-out mouth position easily, make ionogen enter out the aluminium device, for head it off, shown in Fig. 3～6, in cathode carbon pieces upper surface recessing 7,, suitably increase the machined surface of aluminium inlet simultaneously for aluminium liquid provides the passage that is pooled to aluminium flowing-out mouth.The groove 7 of cathode carbon pieces can be different form such as square and trapezoidal, in addition can be only in the middle part of cathode carbon pieces recessing 7, and also can all recessings 7 of entire upper surface.
The cathode construction of aluminium cell of the present invention, at first, effectively fettered the mobile and fluctuation of aluminium liquid that cause in magnetic field, reduced the fluctuation of electrolyzer aluminium liquid and electrolyte interface, thereby can suitably reduce pole span to 4.0cm, realized producing under the very little fluctuation situation of interpolar aluminium liquid-electrolyte interface, improved current efficiency, greatly reduced direct current consumption; Secondly, because the contact area between the cathode carbon pieces of aluminium liquid and conduction increases, reduced the pressure drop between cathode carbon pieces and the aluminium liquid, thereby reduced cathode drop; Once more owing to adopted bottom land to go out the cathode steel bar collocation form of electricity, basically eliminate the horizontal current in the aluminium liquid, improved the stability of electrolyzer, the negative electrode conductive path shortens in addition, has significantly reduced cathode drop.
Adopt the electrolyzer of this kind conceptual design,, thereby can simplify busbar greatly, reduce the consumption of bus, shorten the distance between the electrolyzer, reduce construction cost because changes of magnetic field is very little for the moving influence of electrolyzer aluminium fluid wave.
Claims (16)
1. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell, it comprises pot shell and liner, liner mainly is made up of cathode carbon pieces, lateral lining, bottom liner and ramming paste, it is characterized in that the cathode carbon pieces in the same electrolyzer is formed by high and low two kinds of cathode carbon pieces arrangement, make the negative electrode upper surface uneven, cathode steel bar is installed perpendicular to cathode carbon pieces, and cathode steel bar passes from the bottom vertical of cathode carbon pieces, and passes from bottom of electrolytic tank.
2. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that described cathode carbon pieces upper surface has groove.
3. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 2 is characterized in that described groove quantity is 1～20.
4. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 2 is characterized in that described groove lateral cross section is shaped as square, trapezoidal, trilateral or circle.
5. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that 1～40 cathode steel bar of the vertical installation of described every group of cathode carbon pieces, passes from bottom land.
6. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 or 5 is characterized in that described 2-6 root cathode steel bar accumulates one and passes from bottom land.
7. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 6 is characterized in that the lateral cross section shape of described cathode steel bar can be circle, ellipse or rectangle.
8. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that described cathode carbon pieces fuses by sticking with paste between charcoal, and the difference of altitude between the cathode carbon pieces is between 20～400mm.
9. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that the height of described cathode carbon pieces can be between 300～700mm, and width and anode carbon block are consistent.
10. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that the height of described cathode carbon pieces can be between 300～700mm, and the width of cathode carbon pieces is between 250～800mm.
11. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that high cathode carbon pieces and low cathode carbon pieces are to be high and low, high and low alternately to arrange in the described cathode carbon pieces.
12. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that high cathode carbon pieces and low cathode carbon pieces are to be low, low, high and low, low, high alternately to arrange in the described cathode carbon pieces.
13. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that high cathode carbon pieces and low cathode carbon pieces in the described cathode carbon pieces are any arrangements between high and low.
14. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the bottom inner lining structure below the described cathode carbon pieces is: under cathode carbon pieces, at first lay one deck antiseepage mould material, cathode steel bar is wrapped in wherein, laying the anti-bleed of one deck dry type again and effectively stop electrolytical seepage under this mould material, down is the thermal insulation fire-resistant material again.
15. adopt between the cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1, the end that it is characterized in that described cathode carbon pieces and lateral lining mould material and on every side paste make firm by ramming and be connected.
16. cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell according to claim 1, the upper surface that it is characterized in that described cathode carbon pieces is the plane.
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| CN2009100100795A CN101775622B (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-01-13 | Cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell |
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| CN2009100100795A CN101775622B (en) | 2009-01-13 | 2009-01-13 | Cathode structure of energy-saving aluminium cell |
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| CN101775622A CN101775622A (en) | 2010-07-14 |
| CN101775622B true CN101775622B (en) | 2011-11-16 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101949033A (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2011-01-19 | 湖南晟通科技集团有限公司 | Using method for aluminum electrolytic cell |
| CA2919332A1 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2015-02-12 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Electrolysis tank with slotted floor |
| GB2532949A (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-08 | Dubai Aluminium Pjsc | Electrolytic pot for hall-héroult process, having a cathode formed of high and low cathode blocks |
| CN108754537B (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2020-04-24 | 中南大学 | Cathode for aluminum electrolysis and aluminum electrolysis cell |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0308015A1 (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1989-03-22 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Cathode current collector for aluminum electrowinning |
| CN101054691A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2007-10-17 | 冯乃祥 | Abnormal cathode carbon block structure aluminum electrolysis bath |
| CN200964442Y (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2007-10-24 | 东北大学设计研究院（有限公司） | Aluminum cell bus collocation structure |
| CN201416035Y (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-03-03 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Cathode structure of energy-saving aluminum electrolyzer |
-
2009
- 2009-01-13 CN CN2009100100795A patent/CN101775622B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0308015A1 (en) * | 1987-09-16 | 1989-03-22 | MOLTECH Invent S.A. | Cathode current collector for aluminum electrowinning |
| CN200964442Y (en) * | 2006-06-30 | 2007-10-24 | 东北大学设计研究院（有限公司） | Aluminum cell bus collocation structure |
| CN101054691A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2007-10-17 | 冯乃祥 | Abnormal cathode carbon block structure aluminum electrolysis bath |
| CN201416035Y (en) * | 2009-03-03 | 2010-03-03 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Cathode structure of energy-saving aluminum electrolyzer |
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Inventor after: Yang Xiaodong Inventor after: Liu Yafeng Inventor after: Zhou Dongfang Inventor after: Zhu Jiaming Inventor after: Zhang Qinsong Inventor after: Liu Wei Inventor before: Yang Xiaodong Inventor before: Liu Yafeng Inventor before: Zhou Dongfang Inventor before: Zhu Jiaming Inventor before: Zhang Qinsong Inventor before: Liu Wei |
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