CN111809202B - Cathode steel bar structure for reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Cathode steel bar structure for reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN111809202B CN111809202B CN202010709817.1A CN202010709817A CN111809202B CN 111809202 B CN111809202 B CN 111809202B CN 202010709817 A CN202010709817 A CN 202010709817A CN 111809202 B CN111809202 B CN 111809202B
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- cathode steel
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 128
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical compound [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a cathode steel bar structure for reducing the horizontal current of aluminum liquid in an aluminum electrolytic cell, which comprises a cathode steel bar embedded into the bottom of a cathode carbon block, wherein one end of the cathode steel bar is close to the center of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the other end of the cathode steel bar extends to a side surface beyond the corresponding side of the cathode carbon block, two L-shaped slits are cut into the cathode steel bar to divide the cathode steel bar into three parts, the upper ends of the vertical sections of the two L-shaped slits are positioned at the top of the cathode steel bar, the end part of the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit and the end part of the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit respectively extend to one end of the cathode steel bar beyond the side surface of the cathode carbon block, and insulating materials are respectively filled in each L-shaped slit. The invention greatly reduces the horizontal current density of the aluminum liquid layer; only the cathode steel bar structure is adjusted, and other structures of the traditional cathode are reserved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum electrolysis equipment, in particular to a cathode steel bar structure for reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid in an aluminum electrolysis cell.
Background
Since the last century, with the widespread use of aluminum alloys, the demand for aluminum has been expanding and large capacity aluminum electrolysis cells have become the dominant equipment for practical production. The Hall-Heroult electrolytic aluminium smelting method is the main method for industrial aluminium production, the actual electrolytic process occurs in the working condition environment of high temperature and heavy current, after the current is input into the anode steel claw and the anode carbon block through the anode bus, the current flows through the electrolyte with high resistance and the liquid metal aluminium layer, and finally the current is output to the cathode bus through the cathode carbon block and the cathode steel bar.
However, in the overall structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the current tends to flow through the path with the minimum overall resistance value, so that the areas of the cathode carbon blocks and the cathode steel bars of the aluminum electrolytic cell close to the electrolytic cell shell become the optimal paths, and the current tends to the paths to further generate direction deflection, thereby causing the generation of horizontal current components. The horizontal current and an external vertical magnetic field act to generate electromagnetic force, and the fluctuation of the electrolyte and the aluminum liquid in the vertical direction is influenced; in addition, joule heat is generated in the current gathering area, and the joule heat and aluminum liquid erosion work together to accelerate the abrasion of the electrolytic cell and reduce the service life of the electrolytic cell.
Therefore, how to reduce the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid becomes the important research point of the aluminum electrolysis. Currently, the optimization aiming at the horizontal current of the aluminum electrolysis cell is mainly to adjust the structure of the cathode region. The group can indirectly achieve the effect of reducing the horizontal current by adjusting the surface inclination angle of the cathode carbon block to reduce the overall horizontal current distribution of the aluminum liquid or adjusting the appearance of the cathode steel bar.
However, the adjustment of the cathode steel bar appearance usually requires the simultaneous modification of the cathode carbon blocks and the cathode steel bar size parameters, resulting in the change of the cathode steel bar structure stress or conductivity, and the great improvement of the cathode area has requirements on the material properties and the structural stability. Therefore, on the premise of keeping the structure of the traditional cathode steel bar unchanged, the optimization and adjustment of the structure of the cathode steel bar for reducing the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid is significant.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cathode steel bar structure for reducing the horizontal current of aluminum liquid in an aluminum electrolysis cell, which realizes the great reduction of the horizontal current density of the aluminum liquid on the basis of only changing the cathode steel bar structure of the aluminum electrolysis cell of the cathode steel bar while keeping the cathode carbon block structure of the aluminum electrolysis cell unchanged.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the utility model provides a reduce cathode steel bar structure of aluminium liquid horizontal current in aluminium cell, is including setting up in the aluminium cell and embedding the cathode steel bar to cathode carbon block bottom, and the one end of cathode steel bar is located the position that is close to aluminium cell center in the cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel bar other end extends to and surpasss the cathode carbon block and corresponds the side face, and the partial top surface of cathode steel bar that is located the cathode carbon block contacts with the cathode carbon block, its characterized in that: the cathode steel bar is divided into three parts by cutting two L-shaped slits into the cathode steel bar, wherein the upper end of the vertical section of the first L-shaped slit is positioned at the top of the cathode steel bar and close to the center of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the upper end of the vertical section of the second L-shaped slit is positioned at the top of the cathode steel bar and close to a zero potential surface, the end parts of the horizontal sections of the first L-shaped slit and the second L-shaped slit respectively extend to one end of the cathode steel bar, which exceeds the side surface of the cathode carbon block, the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit is positioned below the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit, and insulating materials are respectively filled in each L-shaped slit.
The cathode steel bar structure for reducing the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized in that: the insulating material is a carbon fiber/polytetrafluoroethylene raw material belt woven filler.
The cathode steel bar structure for reducing the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized in that: the thickness of the cathode steel bar part above the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit is smaller than that of the cathode steel bar part between the horizontal sections of the first L-shaped slit and the second L-shaped slit; the thickness of the cathode steel bar part between the horizontal sections of the first L-shaped slit and the second L-shaped slit is smaller than that of the cathode steel bar part below the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit.
The cathode steel bar structure for reducing the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell is characterized in that: the length of the cathode steel bar part between the first L-shaped slit vertical section and one end of the cathode steel bar close to the center of the aluminum electrolytic cell is smaller than that between the two L-shaped slit vertical sections; the length of the cathode steel bar part between the two L-shaped slit vertical sections is smaller than the length of the cathode steel bar part between the second L-shaped slit vertical section and the end of the cathode steel bar, which exceeds the side surface of the cathode carbon block.
The invention starts from the angle of reducing the horizontal current density in the aluminum liquid and optimizing the current distribution from the aluminum liquid to the cathode area, keeps the traditional structure of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and provides a design scheme of only improving the structure of a cathode steel bar: the cathode steel bar can be divided into three parts of steel bars through the L-shaped slits, the three parts of steel bars are embedded and arranged, and the L-shaped slits between the adjacent steel bars are filled with insulating materials respectively.
The principle of the invention is as follows:
the cathode steel bar structure changes the resistance distribution of the cathode steel bar area, so that the resistance value of the cathode steel bar part close to the zero potential area is large, the resistance value of the cathode steel bar part close to the central area of the aluminum electrolytic cell is small, the current in the middle area is forced to avoid the path close to the cell shell of the aluminum electrolytic cell, and the current tends to be vertically distributed from the cathode steel bar part between the two L-shaped slit vertical sections; the resistance value of the cathode steel bar part close to the central area of the aluminum electrolytic cell is small, but the contact surface of the cathode steel bar part and the cathode carbon block is small, so that the current vertical distribution of the area is ensured, and the current in the middle area of the aluminum liquid is prevented from flowing through the layer.
By utilizing the arrangement of the three cathode steel bars, the condition that the current in the middle area of the aluminum liquid diffuses to the areas on the two sides can be effectively reduced, and the horizontal current of the aluminum liquid is comprehensively reduced. The cathode steel bar structure keeps the integrity of a cathode area, only adjusts the cathode steel bar, does not need to improve cathode carbon blocks, and is simple to process and convenient to maintain.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the invention greatly reduces the horizontal current density of the aluminum liquid layer; only the cathode steel bar structure is adjusted, and other structures of the traditional cathode are reserved, so that the structure is stable and the conductivity change is small; secondly, the layered design of the cathode steel bar is beneficial to maintaining and replacing the steel bar; the cathode steel bar parts of different layers can adopt materials with slightly different conductivities, for example, the resistivity of the upper layer steel bar is large, the resistivity of the lower layer steel bar is small, and the horizontal current density and the voltage drop are further reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic full-section view of a cathode steel bar structure adopting a layered steel bar structure and filling insulating materials in slits of the steel bars in each layer in the embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a right-side schematic view of a cathode steel bar structure adopting a layered steel bar structure and filling insulating materials in slots of the steel bars in each layer according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a cathode steel bar structure using a layered steel bar structure and filling insulating materials in slots of the steel bars in each layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3, a cathode steel bar structure for reducing the horizontal current of aluminum liquid in an aluminum electrolysis cell comprises a cathode steel bar which is arranged in the aluminum electrolysis cell and embedded into the bottom of a cathode carbon block 6, the left end of the cathode steel bar is positioned in the cathode carbon block 6 near the center of the aluminum electrolysis cell, the right end of the cathode steel bar extends to exceed the right side of the cathode carbon block 6, the top surface of the cathode steel bar part in the cathode carbon block 6 is contacted with the cathode carbon block 6, two L-shaped slits are cut out from the cathode steel bar to divide the cathode steel bar 6 into three parts 1, 2 and 3, wherein the upper end of the vertical section of the first L-shaped slit 5 is positioned at the top of the cathode steel bar 6 near the center of the aluminum electrolysis cell, the upper end of the vertical section of the second L-shaped slit 4 is positioned at the top of the cathode steel bar 6 near the zero potential surface, the end of the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit 5 and the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit 4 respectively extend to the right end of the cathode steel bar 6, and the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit 5 is positioned below the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit 4, and insulating materials are respectively filled in each L-shaped slit.
The insulating material is a carbon fiber/polytetrafluoroethylene raw material belt woven filler. The insulating material in the embodiment is a carbide fiber/polytetrafluoroethylene raw material belt woven filler in JB/T8560-2013 standard, or a carbide fiber/polytetrafluoroethylene raw material belt woven filler in JB/T6371-1992 standard.
The thickness of the cathode steel bar part 3 above the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit 4 is smaller than that of the cathode steel bar part 2 between the horizontal sections of the first L-shaped slit 5 and the second L-shaped slit 4; the thickness of the cathode steel bar part 2 between the horizontal sections of the first L-shaped slit 5 and the second L-shaped slit 4 is smaller than that of the cathode steel bar part 1 below the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit 5.
The length of the cathode steel bar part 1 between the vertical section of the first L-shaped slit 5 and the left end of the cathode steel bar close to the center of the aluminum electrolytic cell is less than the length of the cathode steel bar part 2 between the vertical sections of the two L- shaped slits 4 and 5; the length of the cathode steel bar part 2 between the two L-shaped slit vertical sections 4 and 5 is less than the length of the cathode steel bar part 3 between the second L-shaped slit vertical section 4 and the right end of the cathode steel bar exceeding the side of the cathode carbon block 6.
In the implementation, the height of the cathode carbon block 6 is 400-500 mm, a second slit 4 with the thickness of 5-10 mm is arranged in the middle of the cathode steel bar, and the second slit 4 is filled with an insulating material. Among the three cathode steel bars, the thickness of the electricity outlet end of the cathode steel bar part 1, the left end of which is close to the center of the electrolytic cell, in the vertical direction is 30-50 mm, and the length of the contact surface of the upper part of the cathode steel bar part and the cathode carbon block 6 is 100-200 mm. The thickness of the electricity outlet surface of the cathode steel bar part 2 is 30-40 mm, and the length of the contact surface of the upper part of the cathode steel bar part and the cathode carbon block 6 is 800-900 mm. The thickness of the electricity outlet surface of the cathode steel bar part 3 close to the electricity outlet end is 20-30 mm, and the length of the contact surface of the upper part of the cathode steel bar part and the cathode carbon block 6 is 1100-1300 mm. The cathode steel bar structure can reduce the horizontal current in the aluminum liquid, weaken the fluctuation of the aluminum liquid, ensure that the aluminum electrolytic cell can stably produce under the condition of low polar distance and reduce the energy consumption of ton aluminum.
The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the limitation of the concept and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solution of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall into the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical content of the present invention which is claimed is fully set forth in the claims.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides a reduce cathode steel bar structure of aluminium liquid horizontal current in aluminium cell, is including setting up in the aluminium cell and embedding the cathode steel bar to cathode carbon block bottom, and the one end of cathode steel bar is located the position that is close to aluminium cell center in the cathode carbon block, and the cathode steel bar other end extends to and surpasss the cathode carbon block and corresponds the side face, and the partial top surface of cathode steel bar that is located the cathode carbon block contacts with the cathode carbon block, its characterized in that: the resistance value of the cathode steel bar part close to a zero potential area is large, the resistance value of the cathode steel bar part close to a central area of the aluminum electrolytic cell is small, two L-shaped slits are cut into the cathode steel bar to divide the cathode steel bar into three parts, wherein the upper end of the vertical section of the first L-shaped slit is positioned at the top of the cathode steel bar and close to the central position of the aluminum electrolytic cell, the upper end of the vertical section of the second L-shaped slit is positioned at the top of the cathode steel bar and close to a zero potential surface, the end of the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit and the end of the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit are respectively extended to one end of the cathode steel bar, which is beyond the side surface of the cathode carbon block, the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit is positioned below the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit, and each L-shaped slit is respectively filled with an insulating material; the length of the cathode steel bar part between the first L-shaped slit vertical section and one end of the cathode steel bar close to the center of the aluminum electrolytic cell is smaller than that between the two L-shaped slit vertical sections; the length of the cathode steel bar part between the two L-shaped slit vertical sections is smaller than the length of the cathode steel bar part between the second L-shaped slit vertical section and the end of the cathode steel bar, which exceeds the side surface of the cathode carbon block.
2. The cathode steel bar structure for reducing the horizontal current of aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the insulating material is a carbon fiber/polytetrafluoroethylene raw material belt woven filler.
3. The cathode steel bar structure for reducing the horizontal current of aluminum liquid in the aluminum electrolytic cell according to claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the cathode steel bar part above the horizontal section of the second L-shaped slit is smaller than that of the cathode steel bar part between the horizontal sections of the first L-shaped slit and the second L-shaped slit; the thickness of the cathode steel bar part between the horizontal sections of the first L-shaped slit and the second L-shaped slit is smaller than that of the cathode steel bar part below the horizontal section of the first L-shaped slit.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202010709817.1A CN111809202B (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Cathode steel bar structure for reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell |
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| CN202010709817.1A CN111809202B (en) | 2020-07-22 | 2020-07-22 | Cathode steel bar structure for reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell |
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| CN111809202A CN111809202A (en) | 2020-10-23 |
| CN111809202B true CN111809202B (en) | 2021-11-23 |
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| CN113445079B (en) * | 2021-06-17 | 2023-09-22 | 合肥工业大学 | Cathode steel bar structure capable of reducing horizontal current of aluminum liquid for aluminum electrolysis cell |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4795540A (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1989-01-03 | Comalco Aluminum, Ltd. | Slotted cathode collector bar for electrolyte reduction cell |
| CN102230191A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-11-02 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for separately leading out single-sided current in aluminum electrolytic cell |
| CN102234820A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2011-11-09 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for reducing horizontal current in molten aluminum of aluminum electrolysis bath |
| CN102453927A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-05-16 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Method for greatly reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolysis cell |
| CN102758216A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-31 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell |
| CN103014765A (en) * | 2011-09-24 | 2013-04-03 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid |
| CN103243350A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-14 | 中南大学 | Aluminum cell side conductive cathode structure for reducing horizontal current of molten aluminum |
| CN109763145A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-17 | 合肥工业大学 | The cathode construction of horizontal current in a kind of reduction aluminium cell |
-
2020
- 2020-07-22 CN CN202010709817.1A patent/CN111809202B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4795540A (en) * | 1987-05-19 | 1989-01-03 | Comalco Aluminum, Ltd. | Slotted cathode collector bar for electrolyte reduction cell |
| CN102453927A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2012-05-16 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Method for greatly reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid of aluminum electrolysis cell |
| CN102758216A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-10-31 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Method for homogenizing current distribution in aluminum liquid in aluminum electrolytic cell |
| CN102230191A (en) * | 2011-06-21 | 2011-11-02 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for separately leading out single-sided current in aluminum electrolytic cell |
| CN102234820A (en) * | 2011-08-04 | 2011-11-09 | 中国铝业股份有限公司 | Method for reducing horizontal current in molten aluminum of aluminum electrolysis bath |
| CN103014765A (en) * | 2011-09-24 | 2013-04-03 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院有限公司 | Cathode structure for reducing horizontal current in aluminum liquid |
| CN103243350A (en) * | 2013-05-20 | 2013-08-14 | 中南大学 | Aluminum cell side conductive cathode structure for reducing horizontal current of molten aluminum |
| CN109763145A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-17 | 合肥工业大学 | The cathode construction of horizontal current in a kind of reduction aluminium cell |
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